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Communist Party of the Philippines | |
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| Founder | Jose Maria Sison |
| Founded | 26 December 1968 |
| Newspaper | Ang Bayan |
| Political orientation | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
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The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist party in the Philippines. The CPP has an armed wing named the "New People's Army" (NPA), and the party is part of the "National Democratic Front" (NDF), a coalition which aims to establish a people's democracy.[1] Marxist-Leninists denote it as either: CPP, CPP-NPA or CPP-NPA-NDF.
History[edit | edit source]
Split From the PKP-1930[edit | edit source]
After the failure of the armed struggle by the "Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930" (Abbreviated as PKP-1930), the PKP-1930 has pursued a more peaceful resolution due to the amount of losses. Sison was inspired by China's Cultural Revolution that happened in the 1960s, and formed a youth organisation that centered around Mao Zedong Thought. Sison wanted to continue the armed struggle that happened within the PKP-1930 prior, and formed the Communist Party of the Philippines on Mao's Birthday (December 26) 1968.[2]
Program[edit | edit source]
The CPP opposes investment from the United States and advocates producing goods in the Philippines instead of importing them. It demands land reform, reduced rent, and higher farm wages.
The CPP also supports sabotaging the U.S. military and the US-controlled Philippine military. It opposes the United Nations, IMF, and World Bank.[3]
Structure[edit | edit source]
National[edit | edit source]
The Communist Party of the Philippines holds a National Congress once every five years. A majority of regional party committees can request to hold additional congresses. The National Congress elects a Central Committee to serve between congresses. The Central Committee elects a Politburo, Executive Committee, General Secretariat, Chairperson, and vice chairs. The Central Committee meets once every two years.[4]
Regional[edit | edit source]
Territorial party conferences are held once every three years for regions, once every two years for provinces and districts, and once a year for sections.[4]
National chauvinism and coloniality[edit | edit source]
While the Sisonist framework did pay lip service to "national minorities" and the Cordillera peoples, the CPP's operational history has often subjugated Igorot and Lumad autonomy to the demands of the broader class war. It treats Indigenous sovereignty as "divisive" and "antithetical to the national democratic agenda"; a bargaining chip within a state-seizing project, rather than as an irreducible, non-negotiable right.[5] Indigenous Peoples have been documented formally accusing the CPP-NPA of murdering and "supplanting" traditional leaders and occupying ancestral domains for guerrilla bases, a practice (on the part of the CPP-NPA) that is reminiscent of the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path.[6]
Designation as a terrorist organization[edit | edit source]
The CPP has been designated as a terrorist organization by bourgeois countries. In December 2017, the Filipino President, Rodrigo Duterte, issued a proclamation declaring the CPP as a "terrorist" organization.[7] The United States designated the CPP as a "foreign terrorist organization" in August 2002.[8] The European Union also designated the CPP as a "foreign terrorist organization" in 2005.[9]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Foundation for Resuming the Philippine Revolution: Selected Writings - Jose Maria Sison
- ↑ History the PKP-1930 - PKP-1930
- ↑ Second Party Congress (2018-06-30). "Program for a People’s Democratic Revolution" Philippine Revolution Web Central. Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Constitution of the Communist Party of the Philippines" (2018-06-30). Philippine Revolution Web Central. Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ↑ “I [became] very critical of the way sometimes they handle things because they don't
really look at it from an indigenous perspective…. You know, the national political
agenda of the [CPP-NPA] is not so sympathetic to that. They would like to see the
Philippines as one whole liberated society, where they see that the assertion of [Igorot] self-determination as divisive. So sometimes they look at assertion of right to self-determination of indigenous peoples as antithetical to the national democratic
agenda (author interview, Jun 21, 2022).”
Chengmin Xu (2024). It Takes a Village to Raise a Rebel: Prewar Social Orders and Insurgent Mobilization with Evidence from the Philippines. University of Toronto Scholaris. - ↑ “According to the resolution, almost 1,000 IP leaders from 1980 up to present have been murdered “because they do not follow what the NPA wanted”.
The IPs also accused the CPP-NPA of "supplanting" their traditional leaders and replacing them with the revolutionary ones, and of occupying their ancestral domains and converting these to guerrilla bases.”
"IPs seek legal aid from PRRD; to file raps vs. CPP-NPA" (2018-11-08). Philippine News Agency. - ↑ President of the Philippines (2017). Proclamation No. 374. [PDF]
- ↑ U.S Department of State (2002-08-09). "Foreign Terrorist Organization" Archived from the original on 2019-05-15.
- ↑ European Union (2020-07-30). "Council Implementnig Regulation (EU) 2020/1128" Official Journal of the European union. Archived from the original on 2020-09-17.