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== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
Below is an incomplete list of genocides. Ongoing events are '''emboldened'''. | |||
* [[Genocide of the indigenous peoples of the Americas]] (1492–present) | * [[Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)|Siege of Carthage]] (c. 149–146 BC) | ||
* [[Gallic Wars]] (58–50 BC) | |||
* [[Muslim conquest of Persia]] (633–651) | |||
* [[Harrying of the North]] (1069–1070) | |||
* [[Mongol conquests]] (1206–1368) | |||
* [[Albigensian Crusade]] (1209–1229) | |||
* '''[[Genocide of the indigenous peoples of the Americas]] (1492–present)''' | |||
** [[Taíno genocide]] (1493–1550) | ** [[Taíno genocide]] (1493–1550) | ||
** [[Native American genocide]] (1609–present) | ** [[Native American genocide|'''Native American genocide''']] '''(1609–present)''' | ||
** [[Guatemalan genocide]] (1960–1996) | |||
* [[Dzungar genocide]] (1755–1758) | * [[Dzungar genocide]] (1755–1758) | ||
* [[Australia#Aboriginal genocide| | * '''[[Australia#Aboriginal genocide|Genocide of Indigenous Australians]] (1788–present)''' | ||
* [[Moriori genocide]] (1835–1863) | |||
* [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Irish Potato Famine]] (1845–1852) | |||
* [[Circassian genocide]] (1864–1867) | * [[Circassian genocide]] (1864–1867) | ||
* [[Congolese genocide]] (1885–1908) | * [[Congolese genocide]] (1885–1908) | ||
* [[Herero and Namaqua genocide]] (1904–1908) | * [[Herero and Namaqua genocide]] (1904–1908) | ||
* [[Armenian genocide]] (1915–1917) | * [[Late Ottoman genocides]] (1909–1923) | ||
* [[Palestinian genocide]] (1917–present) | ** [[Armenian genocide]] (1914–1923) | ||
** [[Greek genocide]] (1914–1923) | |||
** ''[[Sayfo]]'' (1915–1917) | |||
* '''[[Palestinian genocide]] (1917–present)''' | |||
** [[1948 Palestinian flight and expulsion]] (1947–1949) | |||
** '''[[Gaza genocide]] (2023–present)''' | |||
* [[Libyan genocide]] (1929–1934) | * [[Libyan genocide]] (1929–1934) | ||
* [[Holocaust|Jewish Holocaust]] (1941–1945) | * [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]] (1935–1937) | ||
* [[Romani Holocaust]] (1941–1945) | * [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945) | ||
* [[Serbian genocide]] (1941–1945) | ** [[Nanjing Massacre|Nanjing massacre]] (1937) | ||
* [[Nazi war crimes]] (1939–1945) | |||
** [[Polish Holocaust]] (1939–1945) | |||
** [[Holocaust|Jewish Holocaust]] (1941–1945) | |||
** [[Romani Holocaust]] (1941–1945) | |||
** [[Serbian genocide]] (1941–1945) | |||
* [[Bengal famine of 1943]] (1943–1944) | |||
* [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66|Indonesian genocide]] (1965–1966) | |||
* [[Bangladesh genocide]] (1971) | |||
* ''[[Ikiza]]'' (1972) | |||
* [[Cambodian genocide]] (1975–1979) | * [[Cambodian genocide]] (1975–1979) | ||
* [[East Timor genocide]] (1975–1999) | |||
* [[Bosnian genocide]] (1992–1995) | * [[Bosnian genocide]] (1992–1995) | ||
* [[Rwandan genocide]] (1994) | * [[Rwandan genocide]] (1994) | ||
* [[Republic of the Union of Myanmar#Rohingya genocide|Rohingya genocide]] (2017–present) | * [[Darfur genocide]] (2003–2005) | ||
* [[Yazidi genocide]] (2014–2017) | |||
* '''[[Republic of the Union of Myanmar#Rohingya genocide|Rohingya genocide]] (2016–2017, 2017–present)''' | |||
* '''[[Masalit genocide]] (2023–present)''' | |||
* '''[[Alawite genocide]] (2025–present)''' | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 21:03, 16 June 2025
Genocide is a term which, broadly, refers to actions committed with the intent to destroy a group of people, in whole or in part. Polish lawyer Raphael Lemkin coined the term in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (1944).[1] The United Nations defines genocide as:
... any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
- Killing members of the group
- Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
- Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part
- Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
- Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group[2]
Etymology
It consists of the Greek prefix genos, meaning race or tribe, and the Latin suffix cide, meaning to kill.
Raphael Lemkin first coined the term in Axis Rule in Occupied Europe.[1]
Controversies
In 2023, the Wall Street Journal released an opinion article called "Is It Time to Retire the Term 'Genocide'? The Meaning of Genocide," which does not mention the UN definition. The article seeks to question the meaning of genocide to prevent it from being used against the USA and other Western countries.[3]
Examples
Below is an incomplete list of genocides. Ongoing events are emboldened.
- Siege of Carthage (c. 149–146 BC)
- Gallic Wars (58–50 BC)
- Muslim conquest of Persia (633–651)
- Harrying of the North (1069–1070)
- Mongol conquests (1206–1368)
- Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229)
- Genocide of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (1492–present)
- Taíno genocide (1493–1550)
- Native American genocide (1609–present)
- Guatemalan genocide (1960–1996)
- Dzungar genocide (1755–1758)
- Genocide of Indigenous Australians (1788–present)
- Moriori genocide (1835–1863)
- Irish Potato Famine (1845–1852)
- Circassian genocide (1864–1867)
- Congolese genocide (1885–1908)
- Herero and Namaqua genocide (1904–1908)
- Late Ottoman genocides (1909–1923)
- Armenian genocide (1914–1923)
- Greek genocide (1914–1923)
- Sayfo (1915–1917)
- Palestinian genocide (1917–present)
- 1948 Palestinian flight and expulsion (1947–1949)
- Gaza genocide (2023–present)
- Libyan genocide (1929–1934)
- Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1937)
- Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
- Nanjing massacre (1937)
- Nazi war crimes (1939–1945)
- Polish Holocaust (1939–1945)
- Jewish Holocaust (1941–1945)
- Romani Holocaust (1941–1945)
- Serbian genocide (1941–1945)
- Bengal famine of 1943 (1943–1944)
- Indonesian genocide (1965–1966)
- Bangladesh genocide (1971)
- Ikiza (1972)
- Cambodian genocide (1975–1979)
- East Timor genocide (1975–1999)
- Bosnian genocide (1992–1995)
- Rwandan genocide (1994)
- Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
- Yazidi genocide (2014–2017)
- Rohingya genocide (2016–2017, 2017–present)
- Masalit genocide (2023–present)
- Alawite genocide (2025–present)
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Raphäel Lemkin (1944). Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. [PDF] Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- ↑ "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" (9 December 1948). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Archived from the original on 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ↑ Margaret Kimberley (2023-12-13). "When Genocide Is No Longer Genocide" Black Agenda Report. Archived from the original on 2023-12-22.