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| [[File:Mesopotamia.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Mesopotamia]]
| | #REDIRECT [[Republic of Iraq#Bronze Age]] |
| '''Mesopotamia''' is a historical region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that is centered around what is now [[Republic of Iraq|Iraq]]. It was the first place in the world where [[class society]] existed.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=The First Class Societies|page=16–21|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>
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| == History ==
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| === Prehistory ===
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| In prehistoric times, Mesopotamia was made of swamps and deserts. Neolithic [[Agriculture|farmers]] drained the swamps and irrigated the sand to create extremely fertile land.<ref name=":02222" />
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| === Sumer ===
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| During the fourth and third millennia BCE, Sumer created massive agricultural surpluses and bronze tools that turned villages into the first cities. They invented writing to keep track of economic records, especially taxes and dues. Temples and estates formally belonged to the gods, and priests managed the land while wage workers or tenant farmers worked it. Priests developed into city governors, and later, kings who frequently went to war with each other.<ref name=":02222" />
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| === Akkad ===
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| [[Sargon of Akkad]] united the cities of Mesopotamia around 2330 BCE and created an empire stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean. The Akkadian Empire suddenly ended around 2190 BCE as part of the Early Bronze Age collapse.<ref name=":02222" />
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| === Mitanni ===
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| The [[Kingdom of Mitanni|Mitanni]] took power in northern Mesopotamia around 1600 BCE and collapsed around 1200 BCE.<ref name=":02222" />
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| == References ==
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| [[Category:Ancient history]]
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