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{{Infobox politician|name=Andreas Papandreou|native_name=Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου|birth_date=5 February 1919|birth_place=[[Chios]], Greece|death_date=23 June 1996|death_place=Ekali, Greece|nationality=[[Greece|Greek]]|political_orientation=[[Social democracy]]<br>[[Democratic socialism]] (alleged by some) | {{Infobox politician|name=Andreas Papandreou|native_name=Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου|birth_date=5 February 1919|birth_place=[[Chios]], Greece|death_date=23 June 1996 (aged 77)|death_place=Ekali, Greece|nationality=[[Greece|Greek]]|political_orientation=[[Social democracy]]<br>[[Democratic socialism]] (alleged by some)|political_party=[[PASOK]]|image=Andreas Papandreou.jpg}} | ||
'''Andreas Papandreou''' was a Greek politician who served as the Prime Minister of Greece from 1981 to 1989 and again from 1993 to 1996. | '''Andreas Georgiou Papandreou''' (5 February 1919 – 23 June 1996) was a [[Hellenic Republic|Greek]] politician who served as the [[Prime Minister of Greece]] from 1981 to 1989 and again from 1993 to 1996. He founded the [[Panhellenic Socialist Movement]] (PASOK) in 1974 and led the party until his death in 1996. His father, [[Georgios Papandreou]], previously served as prime minister in the 40s and 60s whilst his son, [[George Papandreou]], served as prime minister from 2009 to 2011. | ||
== Prime Minister of Greece == | == Prime Minister of Greece == | ||
=== Economic Policy === | === Economic Policy === | ||
During his first tenure, Papandreou nationalized some enterprises. <ref>{{Citation|author=Προβόπουλος, Γεώργιος|year=1985|title=Οι δημόσιες επιχειρήσεις και οργανισμοί.|city=Athens|publisher=IOBE}}</ref> | During his first tenure, Papandreou [[Nationalization|nationalized]] some enterprises. <ref>{{Citation|author=Προβόπουλος, Γεώργιος|year=1985|title=Οι δημόσιες επιχειρήσεις και οργανισμοί.|city=Athens|publisher=IOBE}}</ref> | ||
Papandreou's economic policies resulted in inflation dropping to 13,1% in June 1989 from 24,2% in October 1981.<ref>{{Citation|author=Πάνος Καζάκος|year=2000|title=Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους|chapter=Παροχές και λιτότητα: η οικονομία στη δεκαετία του 1980|page=364-371|city=Athens|publisher=Εκδοτική Αθηνών}}</ref> | Papandreou's economic policies resulted in [[inflation]] dropping to 13,1% in June 1989 from 24,2% in October 1981.<ref>{{Citation|author=Πάνος Καζάκος|year=2000|title=Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους|chapter=Παροχές και λιτότητα: η οικονομία στη δεκαετία του 1980|page=364-371|city=Athens|publisher=Εκδοτική Αθηνών}}</ref> | ||
The per capita income in US dollars increased by 5.2% from 1981 to 1989, from 13,443$ in 1981 to 14,148$ in 1989. <ref>{{Citation|title=International Macroeconomic Data Set|title-url=https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-macroeconomic-data-set.aspx}}</ref> | The per capita income in US dollars increased by 5.2% from 1981 to 1989, from 13,443$ in 1981 to 14,148$ in 1989. <ref>{{Citation|title=International Macroeconomic Data Set|title-url=https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/international-macroeconomic-data-set.aspx}}</ref> | ||
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=== Social Policy === | === Social Policy === | ||
Papandreou established the National Health System, which is regarded as PASOK's best governmental action, even as of today. | Papandreou established the National Health System, which is regarded as PASOK's best governmental action, even as of today.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=ekathermarini|title=Politics ‘peaked’ in 1980s|date=2007-12-31|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/54351/politics-peaked-in-1980s/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922071157/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/54351/politics-peaked-in-1980s/|archive-date=2021-08-22}}</ref> | ||
He also allowed [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|EAM]] activists to return in Greece and receive special pensions, while many of their secret service folders were passed to the civilian administration. The purpose of this was to repatriate many Greek war refugees as well. <ref>{{Citation|author=Τζούκας, Βαγγέλης· Παναγιωτόπουλος, Π.|year=2010|title=Η αναγνώριση της Εθνικής Αντίστασης|city=Athens|publisher=Το Πέρασμα|isbn=978-960-98310-8-6}}</ref> | He also allowed [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|EAM]] activists to return in Greece and receive special pensions, while many of their secret service folders were passed to the civilian administration. The purpose of this was to repatriate many Greek war refugees as well. <ref>{{Citation|author=Τζούκας, Βαγγέλης· Παναγιωτόπουλος, Π.|year=2010|title=Η αναγνώριση της Εθνικής Αντίστασης|city=Athens|publisher=Το Πέρασμα|isbn=978-960-98310-8-6}}</ref> | ||
Finally, the police state Greece was reduced, as the Gendarmerie, and the City Police were merged and formed today's Hellenic Police, whereas the Central Information Service was disbanded and reformed into the present-day National Information Service. <ref>{{Web citation|author=Βαμβακάς, Β.|title=Η Ελλάδα στη δεκαετία του 80: κοινωνικό, πολιτικό και πολιτισμικό λεξικό|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/59921571/%CE%97-%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82-%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%92-%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%82-%CE%A0-%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BC-%CE%97-%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-80-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C-%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C-%CE%BB%CE%B5}}</ref> | |||
However, he also contributed to the de-industrialization of Greece and its [[2009-2018 Greek government debt crisis|2009 financial crisis]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Chris V. Nicholson|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|title=Too Greek to Fail|date=2009-12-11|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/too-greek-to-fail/|archive-url=https://archive.ph/ibyYP|archive-date=2026-08-13}}</ref> PASOK also subjugated the trade unions that existed during that time.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=Ημερόδρομος|title=Ο Ανδρέας «απαντά» στον Αλέξη (κι ένα υστερόγραφο του Τσε…)|url=https://www.imerodromos.gr/o-andreas-apanta-ston-alexi-ki-ena-ysterografo-tou-tse/}}</ref> | |||
=== Foreign Policy === | === Foreign Policy === | ||
Papandreou, in his 1981 campaign, used the slogans "Out of NATO", "Out of EEC", "EEC, the pit of lions" and "EEC and NATO, the same syndicate". However, Greece never exited either organization. Instead, Statesian bases remained in Greece, while PASOK also stated that Greece shouldn't exit the EEC.<ref name=":0" /> Later, during the time when Bill Clinton was the US President, Papandeou also expressed the will to cooperate with him.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
He pushed for better terms for Greece and other South European countries regarding their staying in the EEC, some of which got accepted | He pushed for some better terms for Greece and other South European countries regarding their staying in the EEC, some of which got accepted,<ref>{{Web citation|url=http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/el-GR/Policy/European+Policy/Greece+in+EU/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717045858/http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/el-GR/Policy/European+Policy/Greece+in+EU/|archive-date=2006-07-17|retrieved=2023-12-03}}</ref> with then [[Neoliberalism|Neoliberal]] [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|Prime Minister of the UK]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] said about him: <ref>{{Web citation|author=Νίκος Νικολάου|newspaper=Καθημερινή|title=Αφηγησεις / Η κοινωνία και όχι η οικονομία, η προτεραιότητα του Ανδρέα|date=2008-01-26|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117013524/http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_2_26/01/2008_257006|archive-url=http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_2_26/01/2008_257006|archive-date=2012-11-17|retrieved=2023-12-03}}</ref><blockquote>"I never liked him, but he never left any EEC summit without getting something for his country"</blockquote>He supported a two-state solution in the "Israeli" - Palestinian conflict and he had a close relation with PLO leader [[Yasser Arafat]]. He also praised [[Idi Amin]] of Uganda and [[Muammar Gaddafi]] of the [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] as "[[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialists]]". More specifically, during an interview in 1977, he said about Amin: <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Τα Νέα|title=Συνέντευξη με τον Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου|date=1977-02-28}}</ref><blockquote>He fights against the metropolitan centers of the West and he himself is their target. That alone puts him, in the worldwide chess board, in the place of anti-imperialist powers.</blockquote>About Gaddafi, he said: <ref>{{Citation|author=Robert D. Kaplan|title=Phantoms of the Balkans|page=467}}</ref><blockquote>Libya isn't a military dictatorship. In fact, it's the opposite. It is a government in the model of the Ancient Athenian democracy.</blockquote>He also denounced the [[anti-communist]] leader of the [[Polish People's Republic (1947–1989)|Polish]] organization [[Solidarity (organization)|Solidarity]], [[Lech Wałęsa]] and supported [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] instead, possibly to appease [[Communist Party of Greece|the communists]]. <ref>{{Citation|author=Gabriele, Simoncini|year=2003|title=National Minorities of Poland at the end of the Twentieth Century|publisher=The Polish Review. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America.}}</ref> In a meeting there, he said:<blockquote>Since the [[USSR]] is not a capitalist country, one cannot label it an imperialist power. The Soviet Union represents a factor that restricts the expansion of capitalism and its imperialistic aims.</blockquote> | ||
[[Neoliberalism|Neoliberal]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1919 births]] | ||
[[Category:1996 deaths]] | |||
[[Category:Members of the Panhellenic Liberation Movement]] | |||
[[Category:Papandreou family]] | |||
[[Category:Prime ministers of Greece]] | |||
Latest revision as of 14:48, 13 August 2026
Andreas Papandreou Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 5 February 1919 Chios, Greece |
| Died | 23 June 1996 (aged 77) Ekali, Greece |
| Nationality | Greek |
| Political orientation | Social democracy Democratic socialism (alleged by some) |
| Political party | PASOK |
Andreas Georgiou Papandreou (5 February 1919 – 23 June 1996) was a Greek politician who served as the Prime Minister of Greece from 1981 to 1989 and again from 1993 to 1996. He founded the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) in 1974 and led the party until his death in 1996. His father, Georgios Papandreou, previously served as prime minister in the 40s and 60s whilst his son, George Papandreou, served as prime minister from 2009 to 2011.
Prime Minister of Greece[edit | edit source]
Economic Policy[edit | edit source]
During his first tenure, Papandreou nationalized some enterprises. [1]
Papandreou's economic policies resulted in inflation dropping to 13,1% in June 1989 from 24,2% in October 1981.[2]
The per capita income in US dollars increased by 5.2% from 1981 to 1989, from 13,443$ in 1981 to 14,148$ in 1989. [3]
During his final 1993 - 1996 tenure, inflation dropped from 14,4% in 1993 to 8,2% in 1996. [4]
Social Policy[edit | edit source]
Papandreou established the National Health System, which is regarded as PASOK's best governmental action, even as of today.[5]
He also allowed EAM activists to return in Greece and receive special pensions, while many of their secret service folders were passed to the civilian administration. The purpose of this was to repatriate many Greek war refugees as well. [6]
Finally, the police state Greece was reduced, as the Gendarmerie, and the City Police were merged and formed today's Hellenic Police, whereas the Central Information Service was disbanded and reformed into the present-day National Information Service. [7]
However, he also contributed to the de-industrialization of Greece and its 2009 financial crisis.[8] PASOK also subjugated the trade unions that existed during that time.[9]
Foreign Policy[edit | edit source]
Papandreou, in his 1981 campaign, used the slogans "Out of NATO", "Out of EEC", "EEC, the pit of lions" and "EEC and NATO, the same syndicate". However, Greece never exited either organization. Instead, Statesian bases remained in Greece, while PASOK also stated that Greece shouldn't exit the EEC.[9] Later, during the time when Bill Clinton was the US President, Papandeou also expressed the will to cooperate with him.[9]
He pushed for some better terms for Greece and other South European countries regarding their staying in the EEC, some of which got accepted,[10] with then Neoliberal Prime Minister of the UK Margaret Thatcher said about him: [11]
"I never liked him, but he never left any EEC summit without getting something for his country"
He supported a two-state solution in the "Israeli" - Palestinian conflict and he had a close relation with PLO leader Yasser Arafat. He also praised Idi Amin of Uganda and Muammar Gaddafi of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya as "anti-imperialists". More specifically, during an interview in 1977, he said about Amin: [12]
He fights against the metropolitan centers of the West and he himself is their target. That alone puts him, in the worldwide chess board, in the place of anti-imperialist powers.
About Gaddafi, he said: [13]
Libya isn't a military dictatorship. In fact, it's the opposite. It is a government in the model of the Ancient Athenian democracy.
He also denounced the anti-communist leader of the Polish organization Solidarity, Lech Wałęsa and supported Wojciech Jaruzelski instead, possibly to appease the communists. [14] In a meeting there, he said:
Since the USSR is not a capitalist country, one cannot label it an imperialist power. The Soviet Union represents a factor that restricts the expansion of capitalism and its imperialistic aims.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Προβόπουλος, Γεώργιος (1985). Οι δημόσιες επιχειρήσεις και οργανισμοί.. Athens: IOBE.
- ↑ Πάνος Καζάκος (2000). Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους: 'Παροχές και λιτότητα: η οικονομία στη δεκαετία του 1980' (pp. 364-371). Athens: Εκδοτική Αθηνών.
- ↑ International Macroeconomic Data Set.
- ↑ National Statistic Authority of Greece.
- ↑ "Politics ‘peaked’ in 1980s" (2007-12-31). ekathermarini. Archived from the original on 2021-08-22.
- ↑ Τζούκας, Βαγγέλης· Παναγιωτόπουλος, Π. (2010). Η αναγνώριση της Εθνικής Αντίστασης. Athens: Το Πέρασμα. ISBN 978-960-98310-8-6
- ↑ Βαμβακάς, Β.. "Η Ελλάδα στη δεκαετία του 80: κοινωνικό, πολιτικό και πολιτισμικό λεξικό"
- ↑ Chris V. Nicholson (2009-12-11). "Too Greek to Fail" New York Times. Archived from the original on 2026-08-13.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Ο Ανδρέας «απαντά» στον Αλέξη (κι ένα υστερόγραφο του Τσε…)". Ημερόδρομος.
- ↑ Archived from the original on 2006-07-17. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
- ↑ Νίκος Νικολάου (2008-01-26). "Αφηγησεις / Η κοινωνία και όχι η οικονομία, η προτεραιότητα του Ανδρέα" Καθημερινή. Archived from the original on 2012-11-17. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
- ↑ Συνέντευξη με τον Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου (1977-02-28). Τα Νέα.
- ↑ Robert D. Kaplan. Phantoms of the Balkans (p. 467).
- ↑ Gabriele, Simoncini (2003). National Minorities of Poland at the end of the Twentieth Century. The Polish Review. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America..