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{{Infobox political party|name=Popular Association – Golden Dawn|native_name=Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή|logo=Golden Dawn flag.svg|founded=1980|general_secretary=Nikolaos Michaloliakos|registered=1993|banned=7 October 2020|successor=[[National Party - Hellenes for the Fatherland]]|political_orientation=[[Neo-Nazism]]<br>[[Ultranationalism]]|position=[[Far-right]]|religion=[[ | {{Infobox political party|name=Popular Association – Golden Dawn|native_name=Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή|logo=Golden Dawn flag.svg|founded=1980|general_secretary=Nikolaos Michaloliakos|registered=1993|banned=7 October 2020|successor=[[National Party - Hellenes for the Fatherland]]|political_orientation=[[Neo-Nazism]]<br>[[Ultranationalism]]|position=[[Far-right]]|religion=[[Orthodox Christianity]]}} | ||
The '''Popular Association – Golden Dawn''', usually shortened to '''Golden Dawn''', is a neo-Nazi criminal organization<ref>{{Web citation|author=Jail Golden Dawn|newspaper=Jail Golden Dawn|title=Για την εξέλιξη της δίωξης των νεοναζί|date=2013-10-24|url=https://jailgoldendawn.com/2013/10/24/%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF/|retrieved=2024-02-22|quote=To put it in code: Golden Dawn is not a political party that has criminal storm troopers inside. Golden Dawn are criminal storm troopers under the guise of a political party.}}</ref> in [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]]. At its peak, it held 18 seats in the Greek parliament. The Golden Dawn has connections to the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]] and [[Traditionalist Worker Party]] in the [[United States of America|United States]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Hitler's descendants: Trump supporters, White supremacists and Greek neo-Nazis|date=2016-08-09|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2016/08/hitlers-descendants-trump-supporters.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026220221/http://www.idcommunism.com/2016/08/hitlers-descendants-trump-supporters.html|archive-date=2021-10-26|retrieved=2022-11-23}}</ref> | The '''Popular Association – Golden Dawn''', usually shortened to '''Golden Dawn''', is a neo-Nazi criminal organization<ref>{{Web citation|author=Jail Golden Dawn|newspaper=Jail Golden Dawn|title=Για την εξέλιξη της δίωξης των νεοναζί|date=2013-10-24|url=https://jailgoldendawn.com/2013/10/24/%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF/|retrieved=2024-02-22|quote=To put it in code: Golden Dawn is not a political party that has criminal storm troopers inside. Golden Dawn are criminal storm troopers under the guise of a political party.}}</ref> in [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]]. At its peak, it held 18 seats in the Greek parliament. The Golden Dawn has connections to the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]] and [[Traditionalist Worker Party]] in the [[United States of America|United States]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Hitler's descendants: Trump supporters, White supremacists and Greek neo-Nazis|date=2016-08-09|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2016/08/hitlers-descendants-trump-supporters.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026220221/http://www.idcommunism.com/2016/08/hitlers-descendants-trump-supporters.html|archive-date=2021-10-26|retrieved=2022-11-23}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Criminal action === | |||
Golden Dawn is notorious for its criminal action, motivated by racism, whit supremacy and anti-communism <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=902.gr|title=Ένα προς ένα τα εγκλήματα της ναζιστικής δολοφονικής οργάνωσης|date=2020-10-01|url=https://www.902.gr/eidisi/politiki/237914/ena-pros-ena-ta-egklimata-tis-nazistikis-dolofonikis-organosis}}</ref>. | |||
In June 1998, Golden Dawn cadre Antonis "Periandros" Androutsopoulos and his group attacked three left-wing students, targetting nKA cadre Dimitris Kousouris. This attack was declared to be attempted homicide <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Έθνος.gr|title=Παραδόθηκε ο Περίανδρος|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424045324/http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22768&subid=2&pubid=12631|archive-date=2005-09-14}}</ref>. | |||
In 2008, Golden Dawn cadres ordered their lackeys to attack anarchist hangout place "Antipnoia" <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Πρώτο Θέμα|title=Πολυετείς καθείρξεις σε χρυσαυγίτες για την επίθεση στο στέκι «Αντίπνοια»|date=2014-09-22|url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/412224/polueteis-katheirxeis-se-hrusaugites-gia-tin-epithesi-sto-steki-adipnoia/}}</ref>. One of the cadres who organized the attack, Vasilis Siatounis denied any association with Golden Dawn, as did Golden Dawn, despite the fact that he was a literal member of their central commitee<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=efsyn|title=Η Κεντρική Επιτροπή «φάντασμα»|archive-url=https://archive.efsyn.gr/?p=229906|archive-date=2014-09-02}}</ref>. | |||
In June 2012, 4 Egyptian fishermen were attacked in their house in Perama by Golden Dawners, while they were asleep <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=THETOC|title=Δίκη Χρυσής Αυγής για την επίθεση στους Αιγύπτιους ψαράδες - "Κοιμόμουν και 15 άτομα από πάνω μου με χτυπούσαν"|date=2023-04-26|url=https://www.thetoc.gr/koinwnia/article/diki-xrusis-augis-gia-tin-epithesi-stous-aiguptious-psarades---koimomoun-kai-15-atoma-apo-pano-mou-me-xtupousan/}}</ref>. | |||
One of their MPs, Ilias Kasidiaris, slapped [[Communist Party of Greece|KKE]] MP, Liana Kanelli on a morning news show. This came after pouring water on a Syriza MP, Rena Dourou.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYdZfzZMcBk&t=3m15s|channel=Νιουσριπορτ Τζιαρ|title=Far-right politician Kasidiaris slaps left-wing Kanelli|date=2012-06-07}}</ref> | |||
In January 2013, Golden Dawn members killed 27 year old Pakistani man, Shahzad Luqman <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=efsyn|title=Δικάζονται στο Εφετείο οι δολοφόνοι του Σαχζάτ Λουκμάν|date=2018-04-16|url=https://www.efsyn.gr/ellada/koinonia/146983_dikazontai-sto-efeteio-oi-dolofonoi-toy-sahzat-loykman}}</ref>. | |||
On September 12th 2013, wielding crowbars and bats, they attacked Communist Party and Communist Youth (KNE) members in Perama that were putting up posters for the 39th KNE-Odigitis festival <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rizospastis|title=Δολοφονική επίθεση από χρυσαυγίτες σε βάρος στελεχών του ΚΚΕ και της ΚΝΕ|date=2013-09-13|url=https://www.rizospastis.gr/story.do?id=7610038}}</ref>. The attack was planned by the higher-ups of Golden Dawn, in order to attack the PAME (KKE aligned) trade-unionists in the Perama region. Golden Dawn cadre Lagos was noted saying "''by the way, it looks like the commies are going to get a massive ass beating today in Perama''" <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=eksegersi.gr|title=Δολοφονική και σχεδιασμένη από την ηγεσία της ΧΑ η επίθεση κατά των μελών του ΠΑΜΕ και του ΚΚΕ στο Πέραμα|date=2023-09-23|url=https://eksegersi.gr/dolofoniki-kai-schediasmeni-apo-tin-igesia-tis-cha-i-epithesi-kata-ton-melon-toy-pame-kai-toy-kke-sto-perama/|quote=Τα τρία (3) μηνύματα του Ι. Λαγού προς τον Πατέλη λίγο πριν την επίθεση («παρεμπιπτόντως μάλλον θα φάνε γερό πέσιμο τα κομμούνια σήμερα στο Πέραμα. Έχουν βγει και βάφουν και μάζεψε ο Τάσος καμιά τριαντάρα και πάνε από εκεί»}}</ref>. During the attack, he texted fellow Golden Dawner Develekos to say "''Man, we fucked the commies today in Nikaia and Perama. They went to put up posters and we slaughtered them''."<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=eksegersi.gr|title=Δολοφονική και σχεδιασμένη από την ηγεσία της ΧΑ η επίθεση κατά των μελών του ΠΑΜΕ και του ΚΚΕ στο Πέραμα|date=2023-09-13|url=https://eksegersi.gr/dolofoniki-kai-schediasmeni-apo-tin-igesia-tis-cha-i-epithesi-kata-ton-melon-toy-pame-kai-toy-kke-sto-perama/|quote=Ι.Λ., 23:57:54: «…Φίλε γαμήσαμε τα κομμούνια σήμερα σε Νίκαια και Πέραμα. Βγήκαν για αφισοκολλήσεις και τους μακελέψαμε…» | |||
Σ.Δ. 23:58:52: «…Τι λες ρε Γιάννη! Που και πότε;…» | |||
Ι.Λ. 00:12: «…Στη Νίκαια πιο χαλαρά πριν λίγο. Παράτησαν τις κόλλες και τρέχανε. Στο Πέραμα πιο σοβαρά. Καμιά 40ριά από δαύτους και τους τρέχουν οι δικοί μας τώρα…»}}</ref>. A month before the attack, Lagos openly declared the desire to rid the Perama Zone of KKE aligned trade-unionists, to satisfy the whims of the capitalists. More specifically, he said "''The Zone will move, the ships will return and the PAME and KKE lackeys who exploit the situation will be out of here''."<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=iefimerida.gr|title=Left.gr: Οταν ο βουλευτής της ΧΑ Γιάννης Λαγός αποκαλούσε «λακέδες» τα στελέχη του ΚΚΕ και προειδοποιούσε για την εξαφάνιση τους από το Πέραμα [βίντεο]|date=2013-09-14|url=https://www.iefimerida.gr/news/121877/leftgr-%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CE%BF-%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%87%CE%B1-%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82-%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B5-%C2%AB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82%C2%BB-%CF%84%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B5-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9|quote=Μετά την συζήτηση με τους εργαζόμενους, ο βουλευτής της Χρυσής Αυγής κατηγόρησε το ΚΚΕ και τόνισε πως θα «εξαφανιστούν» τα μέλη του από τη Ζώνη του Περάματος λέγοντας: «Η Ζώνη θα κινηθεί, τα καράβια θα ξαναέρθουν πίσω και οι λακέδες του ΠΑΜΕ και του ΚΚE οι οποίοι καπηλεύονται την κατάσταση, θα εξαφανιστούν από εδώ μέσα».}}</ref>. All of the above proves the role that Golden Dawn and fascist thugs in general play in [[capitalism]], that they are pawns of the [[bourgeoisie]] who attack anyone who dares to oppose the system. | |||
Not even a week after the attempted murder of communists, on September 17, Golden Dawn cadre, Giorgos Roupakias notoriously killed anti-fascist rapper Pavlos "Killah P" Fyssas<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=opendemocracy.net|title=Feeding fascism in Greece: the memorandum, the state of exception and the police|date=2014-02-20|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/feeding-fascism-in-greece-memorandum-state-o/|quote=On 18 September 2013 the 34-year-old antifascist rapper Pavlos Fyssas is killed by a knife-wielding Golden Dawn member. In the hours immediately following, many people gather at the location of the killing, and in the following days, vast demonstrations are held in all Greek cities, resulting not infrequently in clashes with the police, who guard the headquarters of the Nazi organization.}}</ref> <ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=in.gr|title=Παύλος Φύσσας: Το χρονικό της δολοφονίας του από την Χρυσή Αυγή|date=2022-09-18|url=https://www.in.gr/2022/09/18/istoriko-arxeio/paylos-fyssas-xroniko-tis-dolofonias-tou-apo-tin-xrysi-aygi/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=902.gr|title=Κερατσίνι: Χρυσαυγίτες δολοφόνησαν 34χρονο μουσικό (ΦΩΤΟ)|date=2013-09-18|url=https://www.902.gr/eidisi/politiki/26920/keratsini-hrysaygites-dolofonisan-34hrono-moysiko-foto}}</ref>. Fyssas has since become a symbol of the struggle against fascism. | |||
=== Trials === | === Trials === | ||
| Line 11: | Line 32: | ||
== Political positions == | == Political positions == | ||
Contrary to popular belief and [[propaganda]] which | Contrary to popular belief and [[propaganda]] which seeks to equalize Nazism with [[Communism]],<ref name="euroscrepticism7">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/16/greek-election-2015-golden-dawn-austerity "Greek election 2015: Golden Dawn rises on austerity-driven despair"]. ''The Guardian''. "In successive opinion surveys, the virulently ... anti-EU party has emerged as Greece's third-biggest political force"</ref> Golden Dawn supports the [[European Union]] and [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] and wants to lower taxes on businesses. Its leaders openly support [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] and [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|title=Golden Dawn's neo-Nazis: Puppets of EU's Monopoly Capitalism|date=2016-06-27|url=https://www.idcommunism.com/2016/06/golden-dawns-neo-nazis-puppets-of-eus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022135648/https://www.idcommunism.com/2016/06/golden-dawns-neo-nazis-puppets-of-eus.html|archive-date=2021-10-22|retrieved=2022-11-23}}</ref> | ||
=== Pro-Zionism === | |||
Despite the party's neo-Nazi positions, the party voted for stronger ties with [[State of Israel|"Israel"]] in 2018.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=VoteWatch|title=Opening of negotiations for an EU-Israel Agreement on the exchange of personal data for fighting serious crime and terrorism|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165629/https://www.votewatch.eu/en/term8-opening-of-negotiations-for-an-eu-israel-agreement-on-the-exchange-of-personal-data-for-fighting-ser.html#/##vote-tabs-list-2}}</ref> | |||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
Latest revision as of 14:52, 15 April 2026
Popular Association – Golden Dawn Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General Secretary | Nikolaos Michaloliakos |
| Founded | 1980 |
| Registered | 1993 |
| Banned | 7 October 2020 |
| Succeeded by | National Party - Hellenes for the Fatherland |
| Political orientation | Neo-Nazism Ultranationalism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Religion | Orthodox Christianity |
The Popular Association – Golden Dawn, usually shortened to Golden Dawn, is a neo-Nazi criminal organization[1] in Greece. At its peak, it held 18 seats in the Greek parliament. The Golden Dawn has connections to the KKK and Traditionalist Worker Party in the United States.[2]
History[edit | edit source]
Criminal action[edit | edit source]
Golden Dawn is notorious for its criminal action, motivated by racism, whit supremacy and anti-communism [3].
In June 1998, Golden Dawn cadre Antonis "Periandros" Androutsopoulos and his group attacked three left-wing students, targetting nKA cadre Dimitris Kousouris. This attack was declared to be attempted homicide [4].
In 2008, Golden Dawn cadres ordered their lackeys to attack anarchist hangout place "Antipnoia" [5]. One of the cadres who organized the attack, Vasilis Siatounis denied any association with Golden Dawn, as did Golden Dawn, despite the fact that he was a literal member of their central commitee[6].
In June 2012, 4 Egyptian fishermen were attacked in their house in Perama by Golden Dawners, while they were asleep [7].
One of their MPs, Ilias Kasidiaris, slapped KKE MP, Liana Kanelli on a morning news show. This came after pouring water on a Syriza MP, Rena Dourou.[8]
In January 2013, Golden Dawn members killed 27 year old Pakistani man, Shahzad Luqman [9].
On September 12th 2013, wielding crowbars and bats, they attacked Communist Party and Communist Youth (KNE) members in Perama that were putting up posters for the 39th KNE-Odigitis festival [10]. The attack was planned by the higher-ups of Golden Dawn, in order to attack the PAME (KKE aligned) trade-unionists in the Perama region. Golden Dawn cadre Lagos was noted saying "by the way, it looks like the commies are going to get a massive ass beating today in Perama" [11]. During the attack, he texted fellow Golden Dawner Develekos to say "Man, we fucked the commies today in Nikaia and Perama. They went to put up posters and we slaughtered them."[12]. A month before the attack, Lagos openly declared the desire to rid the Perama Zone of KKE aligned trade-unionists, to satisfy the whims of the capitalists. More specifically, he said "The Zone will move, the ships will return and the PAME and KKE lackeys who exploit the situation will be out of here."[13]. All of the above proves the role that Golden Dawn and fascist thugs in general play in capitalism, that they are pawns of the bourgeoisie who attack anyone who dares to oppose the system.
Not even a week after the attempted murder of communists, on September 17, Golden Dawn cadre, Giorgos Roupakias notoriously killed anti-fascist rapper Pavlos "Killah P" Fyssas[14] [15][16]. Fyssas has since become a symbol of the struggle against fascism.
Trials[edit | edit source]
The trials concluded on 7 October of 2020, when the party was banned and many of its members were imprisoned.
The trial was described as “the biggest trial of Nazi criminality since Nuremberg”.[2]
Political positions[edit | edit source]
Contrary to popular belief and propaganda which seeks to equalize Nazism with Communism,[17] Golden Dawn supports the European Union and NATO and wants to lower taxes on businesses. Its leaders openly support Hitler and Nazi Germany.[18]
Pro-Zionism[edit | edit source]
Despite the party's neo-Nazi positions, the party voted for stronger ties with "Israel" in 2018.[19]
External Links[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ “To put it in code: Golden Dawn is not a political party that has criminal storm troopers inside. Golden Dawn are criminal storm troopers under the guise of a political party.”
Jail Golden Dawn (2013-10-24). "Για την εξέλιξη της δίωξης των νεοναζί" Jail Golden Dawn. Retrieved 2024-02-22. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Hitler's descendants: Trump supporters, White supremacists and Greek neo-Nazis" (2016-08-09). In Defense of Communism. Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ↑ "Ένα προς ένα τα εγκλήματα της ναζιστικής δολοφονικής οργάνωσης" (2020-10-01). 902.gr.
- ↑ Παραδόθηκε ο Περίανδρος. Έθνος.gr. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14.
- ↑ "Πολυετείς καθείρξεις σε χρυσαυγίτες για την επίθεση στο στέκι «Αντίπνοια»" (2014-09-22). Πρώτο Θέμα.
- ↑ Η Κεντρική Επιτροπή «φάντασμα». efsyn. Archived from the original on 2014-09-02.
- ↑ "Δίκη Χρυσής Αυγής για την επίθεση στους Αιγύπτιους ψαράδες - "Κοιμόμουν και 15 άτομα από πάνω μου με χτυπούσαν"" (2023-04-26). THETOC.
- ↑ Νιουσριπορτ Τζιαρ (2012-06-07). "Far-right politician Kasidiaris slaps left-wing Kanelli". YouTube.
- ↑ "Δικάζονται στο Εφετείο οι δολοφόνοι του Σαχζάτ Λουκμάν" (2018-04-16). efsyn.
- ↑ "Δολοφονική επίθεση από χρυσαυγίτες σε βάρος στελεχών του ΚΚΕ και της ΚΝΕ" (2013-09-13). Rizospastis.
- ↑ “Τα τρία (3) μηνύματα του Ι. Λαγού προς τον Πατέλη λίγο πριν την επίθεση («παρεμπιπτόντως μάλλον θα φάνε γερό πέσιμο τα κομμούνια σήμερα στο Πέραμα. Έχουν βγει και βάφουν και μάζεψε ο Τάσος καμιά τριαντάρα και πάνε από εκεί»”
"Δολοφονική και σχεδιασμένη από την ηγεσία της ΧΑ η επίθεση κατά των μελών του ΠΑΜΕ και του ΚΚΕ στο Πέραμα" (2023-09-23). eksegersi.gr. - ↑ “Ι.Λ., 23:57:54: «…Φίλε γαμήσαμε τα κομμούνια σήμερα σε Νίκαια και Πέραμα. Βγήκαν για αφισοκολλήσεις και τους μακελέψαμε…»
Σ.Δ. 23:58:52: «…Τι λες ρε Γιάννη! Που και πότε;…»
Ι.Λ. 00:12: «…Στη Νίκαια πιο χαλαρά πριν λίγο. Παράτησαν τις κόλλες και τρέχανε. Στο Πέραμα πιο σοβαρά. Καμιά 40ριά από δαύτους και τους τρέχουν οι δικοί μας τώρα…»”
"Δολοφονική και σχεδιασμένη από την ηγεσία της ΧΑ η επίθεση κατά των μελών του ΠΑΜΕ και του ΚΚΕ στο Πέραμα" (2023-09-13). eksegersi.gr. - ↑ “Μετά την συζήτηση με τους εργαζόμενους, ο βουλευτής της Χρυσής Αυγής κατηγόρησε το ΚΚΕ και τόνισε πως θα «εξαφανιστούν» τα μέλη του από τη Ζώνη του Περάματος λέγοντας: «Η Ζώνη θα κινηθεί, τα καράβια θα ξαναέρθουν πίσω και οι λακέδες του ΠΑΜΕ και του ΚΚE οι οποίοι καπηλεύονται την κατάσταση, θα εξαφανιστούν από εδώ μέσα».”
"Left.gr: Οταν ο βουλευτής της ΧΑ Γιάννης Λαγός αποκαλούσε «λακέδες» τα στελέχη του ΚΚΕ και προειδοποιούσε για την εξαφάνιση τους από το Πέραμα [βίντεο"] (2013-09-14). iefimerida.gr. - ↑ “On 18 September 2013 the 34-year-old antifascist rapper Pavlos Fyssas is killed by a knife-wielding Golden Dawn member. In the hours immediately following, many people gather at the location of the killing, and in the following days, vast demonstrations are held in all Greek cities, resulting not infrequently in clashes with the police, who guard the headquarters of the Nazi organization.”
"Feeding fascism in Greece: the memorandum, the state of exception and the police" (2014-02-20). opendemocracy.net. - ↑ "Παύλος Φύσσας: Το χρονικό της δολοφονίας του από την Χρυσή Αυγή" (2022-09-18). in.gr.
- ↑ "Κερατσίνι: Χρυσαυγίτες δολοφόνησαν 34χρονο μουσικό (ΦΩΤΟ)" (2013-09-18). 902.gr.
- ↑ "Greek election 2015: Golden Dawn rises on austerity-driven despair". The Guardian. "In successive opinion surveys, the virulently ... anti-EU party has emerged as Greece's third-biggest political force"
- ↑ "Golden Dawn's neo-Nazis: Puppets of EU's Monopoly Capitalism" (2016-06-27). In Defense of Communism. Archived from the original on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ↑ "Opening of negotiations for an EU-Israel Agreement on the exchange of personal data for fighting serious crime and terrorism". VoteWatch.