The Black Book of Communism - Revision history

Literallywho Ingodsname at 04:35, 20 February 2023

2023-02-20T04:35:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 20 February 2023
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	}}		}}

	'''''The Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 ~~book that claims~~ [[~~communism~~]] killed 100 million people in ~~the 20th century~~.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes [[German Reich (1933–1945)\|Nazi]] soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] as well as [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism." The editors also confused the per-thousand symbol (‰) with the percent sign when translating from French to English, multiply some death tolls by 10 times.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Mark Kramer\|newspaper=Maoist Internationalist Movement\|title=Black Book of Communism editor admits mistakes\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830080456/http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/agitation/blackbook/blackb3.html\|archive-date=2008-08-30}}</ref>		'''''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''''' is a 1997 novel by [[Nicolas Werth]], [[Stéphane Courtois]], [[Jean-Louis Margolin]], [[Joachim Gauck]], [[Karel Bartošek]], [[Andrzej Paczkowski]], and a number of others, written with the goal of documenting the supposed 'crimes' of [[Communism\|communist]] regimes in the 20th Century and drawing comparisons between Communism and [[National Socialism\|Nazism]]. The book was very influential, having sold millions of copies and having been translated into many languages. The claim that Communism killed between 93 million and 100 million people finds its origins in this book.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref>

	~~Even~~ some of ~~the~~ book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>		Although viewed by many scholars and laymen alike as an authoritative account of the crimes of Communism, ''The Black Book of Communism'' has since its publication date been criticised by its readers and writers alike for its methodology. Namely, the book includes among its "one hundred million victims" Nazi collaborators in the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (many of whom served in the [[Waffen-SS]] by the book's own admission)<ref>Courtois, ''The Black Book of Communism'', p. 229.</ref> as well as comparing the expected population growth before a famine to the actual population growth (in essence counting people who were never born). In addition, the editors also confused the per-thousand symbol (‰) with the percent sign when translating from French to English, multiply some death tolls by 10 times.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Mark Kramer\|newspaper=Maoist Internationalist Movement\|title=Black Book of Communism editor admits mistakes\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830080456/http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/agitation/blackbook/blackb3.html\|archive-date=2008-08-30}}</ref>

			The book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>

	{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}

Ledlecreeper27 at 22:20, 27 October 2022

2022-10-27T22:20:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:20, 27 October 2022
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Black Book of Communism''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Black Book of Communism''}}{{Infobox book
			\| image = Black Book of Communism.png
			\| author = Stéphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Andrzej Paczkowski and others
			\| language = French
			\| caption = Cover of the English edition
			\| genre = Fiction (claims to be nonfiction)
			\| title_orig = Le Livre noir du communisme
			\| isbn = 9780674076082
			\| image_size = 200
			}}

	'''''The Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes Nazi soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] ~~and~~ [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism."		'''''The Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes [[German Reich (1933–1945)\|Nazi]] soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] as well as [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism." The editors also confused the per-thousand symbol (‰) with the percent sign when translating from French to English, multiply some death tolls by 10 times.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Mark Kramer\|newspaper=Maoist Internationalist Movement\|title=Black Book of Communism editor admits mistakes\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830080456/http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/agitation/blackbook/blackb3.html\|archive-date=2008-08-30}}</ref>

	Even some of the book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>		Even some of the book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>
Line 7:		Line 16:
	{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}

	Margolin and Werth furthermore rebuked Courtois in an article published in ''Le Monde'',<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Communisme : retour à l'histoire\| year = 1997\|title-url = https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/11/14/communisme-retour-a-l-histoire_3810094_1819218.html}}</ref> stating that they disagreed with his vitriolic introduction and its political agenda. Margolin and Werth both disavowed the book, recognizing that Courtois was obsessed with reaching a body count of a hundred million and consequently leading to careless and biased ‘scholarship’. Courtois also composed the book’s introduction in secret, refusing to share it for his other contributors. They both rejected Courtois’s equivalence of German [[~~Fascism~~]] with [[~~Communism~~]], with Werth telling ''Le Monde'' that ‘death camps did not exist in the Soviet Union.’<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| last = Getty\| first = J. Arch\| title = The Future Did Not Work\|year = 2000\|title-url = https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/03/the-future-did-not-work/378081/}}</ref>		Margolin and Werth furthermore rebuked Courtois in an article published in ''[[Le Monde]]'',<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Communisme : retour à l'histoire\| year = 1997\|title-url = https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/11/14/communisme-retour-a-l-histoire_3810094_1819218.html}}</ref> stating that they disagreed with his vitriolic introduction and its political agenda. Margolin and Werth both disavowed the book, recognizing that Courtois was obsessed with reaching a body count of a hundred million and consequently leading to careless and biased ‘scholarship’. Courtois also composed the book’s introduction in secret, refusing to share it for his other contributors. They both rejected Courtois’s equivalence of German [[fascism]] with [[communism]], with Werth telling ''Le Monde'' that ‘death camps did not exist in the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)\|Soviet Union]].’<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| last = Getty\| first = J. Arch\| title = The Future Did Not Work\|year = 2000\|title-url = https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/03/the-future-did-not-work/378081/}}</ref>

	When Maurice Papon was put on trial in the 1990s for deporting 1,600 Jews to death camps, his lawyers admitted ''The Black Book of Communism'' as evidence for his (relative) ‘innocence’.<ref>{{safesubst:citation\|last=Wiener\|first=Jon\|title=How We Forgot the Cold War: A Historical Journey across America\|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KiD069CPsUC\|location=Los Angeles\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=2012\|page=38\|ISBN=978-0-520-27141-8}}</ref>		When Maurice Papon was put on trial in the 1990s for deporting 1,600 Jews to death camps, his lawyers admitted ''The Black Book of Communism'' as evidence for his (relative) ‘innocence’.<ref>{{safesubst:citation\|last=Wiener\|first=Jon\|title=How We Forgot the Cold War: A Historical Journey across America\|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KiD069CPsUC\|location=Los Angeles\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=2012\|page=38\|ISBN=978-0-520-27141-8}}</ref>

			== See also ==

			* [[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Books not in our library]]		[[Category:Books not in our library]]
	[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]		[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]
			<references />
			[[Category:Capitalist progaganda]]

Anarcho-Bolshevik: Partially copied from https://leftypedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric:Communism_Killed_100+_Million

2022-07-11T17:40:21Z

Partially copied from https://leftypedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric:Communism_Killed_100+_Million

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:40, 11 July 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Black Book of Communism''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Black Book of Communism''}}

	'''''The~~''''' '''''~~Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://~~books~~.~~google.com~~/~~books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC~~\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes Nazi soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] and [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism."		'''''The Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes Nazi soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] and [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism."

	Even some of the book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>		Even some of the book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>

			{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}

			Margolin and Werth furthermore rebuked Courtois in an article published in ''Le Monde'',<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Communisme : retour à l'histoire\| year = 1997\|title-url = https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/11/14/communisme-retour-a-l-histoire_3810094_1819218.html}}</ref> stating that they disagreed with his vitriolic introduction and its political agenda. Margolin and Werth both disavowed the book, recognizing that Courtois was obsessed with reaching a body count of a hundred million and consequently leading to careless and biased ‘scholarship’. Courtois also composed the book’s introduction in secret, refusing to share it for his other contributors. They both rejected Courtois’s equivalence of German [[Fascism]] with [[Communism]], with Werth telling ''Le Monde'' that ‘death camps did not exist in the Soviet Union.’<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| last = Getty\| first = J. Arch\| title = The Future Did Not Work\|year = 2000\|title-url = https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/03/the-future-did-not-work/378081/}}</ref>

			When Maurice Papon was put on trial in the 1990s for deporting 1,600 Jews to death camps, his lawyers admitted ''The Black Book of Communism'' as evidence for his (relative) ‘innocence’.<ref>{{safesubst:citation\|last=Wiener\|first=Jon\|title=How We Forgot the Cold War: A Historical Journey across America\|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KiD069CPsUC\|location=Los Angeles\|publisher=University of California Press\|year=2012\|page=38\|ISBN=978-0-520-27141-8}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Books not in our library]]		[[Category:Books not in our library]]
	[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]		[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]

Jucheguevara: added source

2022-03-19T16:49:14Z

added source

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 19 March 2022
Line 2:		Line 2:

	'''''The''''' '''''Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes Nazi soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] and [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism."		'''''The''''' '''''Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes Nazi soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] and [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism."

			Even some of the book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Books not in our library]]		[[Category:Books not in our library]]
	[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]		[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]

Ledlecreeper27: Created.

2022-03-19T13:13:26Z

Created.

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Black Book of Communism''}}

'''''The''''' '''''Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 book that claims [[communism]] killed 100 million people in the 20th century.<ref>{{Citation|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.|year=1999|title=The Black Book of Communism|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes Nazi soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] and [[Kulak|kulaks]] as "victims of communism."

== References ==
[[Category:Books not in our library]]
[[Category:Imperialist propaganda]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 20 February 2023
Line 10:		Line 10:
	}}		}}

	'''''The Black Book of Communism''''' is a 1997 ~~book that claims~~ [[~~communism~~]] killed 100 million people in ~~the 20th century~~.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref> It includes [[German Reich (1933–1945)\|Nazi]] soldiers killed by the [[Red Army]] as well as [[Kulak\|kulaks]] as "victims of communism." The editors also confused the per-thousand symbol (‰) with the percent sign when translating from French to English, multiply some death tolls by 10 times.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Mark Kramer\|newspaper=Maoist Internationalist Movement\|title=Black Book of Communism editor admits mistakes\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830080456/http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/agitation/blackbook/blackb3.html\|archive-date=2008-08-30}}</ref>		'''''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''''' is a 1997 novel by [[Nicolas Werth]], [[Stéphane Courtois]], [[Jean-Louis Margolin]], [[Joachim Gauck]], [[Karel Bartošek]], [[Andrzej Paczkowski]], and a number of others, written with the goal of documenting the supposed 'crimes' of [[Communism\|communist]] regimes in the 20th Century and drawing comparisons between Communism and [[National Socialism\|Nazism]]. The book was very influential, having sold millions of copies and having been translated into many languages. The claim that Communism killed between 93 million and 100 million people finds its origins in this book.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Stéphane Courtois, et al.\|year=1999\|title=The Black Book of Communism\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BlackBookOfCommunism\|publisher=Harvard University Press\|isbn=9780674076082}}</ref>

	~~Even~~ some of ~~the~~ book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>		Although viewed by many scholars and laymen alike as an authoritative account of the crimes of Communism, ''The Black Book of Communism'' has since its publication date been criticised by its readers and writers alike for its methodology. Namely, the book includes among its "one hundred million victims" Nazi collaborators in the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] (many of whom served in the [[Waffen-SS]] by the book's own admission)<ref>Courtois, ''The Black Book of Communism'', p. 229.</ref> as well as comparing the expected population growth before a famine to the actual population growth (in essence counting people who were never born). In addition, the editors also confused the per-thousand symbol (‰) with the percent sign when translating from French to English, multiply some death tolls by 10 times.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Mark Kramer\|newspaper=Maoist Internationalist Movement\|title=Black Book of Communism editor admits mistakes\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830080456/http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/agitation/blackbook/blackb3.html\|archive-date=2008-08-30}}</ref>

			The book's own authors criticize the historical accuracy of its conclusions:<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Anton\|date=2017-08-24\|title=Debunking: “Communism killed more people than naziism!”\|url=https://discomfiting.medium.com/debunking-communism-killed-more-people-than-naziism-7a9880696f67}}</ref>

	{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|Jean‐Louis Margolin and Nicolas Werth reproach Stéphane Courtois considering ‘the criminal dimension as one of the proper ones of the communist system’s set’, he writes in his text. ‘This results in taking away the phenomenon’s historic character’, claims Jean‐Louis Margolin. ‘Even if the communist breeding ground can lead to mass crimes, the line between theory and practice is inevident, contrary to what Stéphane Courtois says.’ Disputing the ‘approximations’, ‘contradictions’, and ‘clumsinesses that make sense’, the two authors reproach Stéphane Courtois’s ‘obsession to reach one hundred million deaths’.\|Le Monde\|<ref>{{safesubst:Citation\| title = Les divisions d'une équipe d'historiens du communisme\| year = 1997\|title-url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1997/10/31/les-divisions-d-une-equipe-d-historiens-du-communisme_3811179_1819218.html\|trans-lang =fr}}</ref>}}