Race - Revision history

Literallywho Ingodsname at 20:42, 3 October 2025

2025-10-03T20:42:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:42, 3 October 2025
Line 12:		Line 12:
	Around the time of the [[Statesian Civil War\|Civil War in the United States]], most [[Trade union\|trade unions]] in the [[United States of America\|USA]] accepted [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)\|Italians]] and [[Republic of Ireland\|Irish]] workers but rejected [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)\|Chinese]] immigrants. The [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] became the first union to include workers regardless of race.<ref name=":0" />		Around the time of the [[Statesian Civil War\|Civil War in the United States]], most [[Trade union\|trade unions]] in the [[United States of America\|USA]] accepted [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)\|Italians]] and [[Republic of Ireland\|Irish]] workers but rejected [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)\|Chinese]] immigrants. The [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] became the first union to include workers regardless of race.<ref name=":0" />

	==Scientific ~~validity~~==		==Scientific invalidity==
	The ~~general~~ consensus among actual biologists is that any biological differences between different "races" are ~~extremely minor~~. '''Edgar & Kunley (2009)''' found that "Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation."<ref>H. J. H. Edgar & K. L. Hunley (2009), "Race reconciled?: How biological anthropologists view human variation," ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'', 139(1), 1–4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20995.</ref> In fact, there is evidence to suggest that there is more genetic difference between people of the same "race" than those of different "races":		The consensus among actual biologists is that any biological differences between different "races" of modern humans are so small as to be statistically insignificant. '''Edgar & Kunley (2009)''' found that "Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation."<ref>H. J. H. Edgar & K. L. Hunley (2009), "Race reconciled?: How biological anthropologists view human variation," ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'', 139(1), 1–4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20995.</ref> In fact, there is evidence to suggest that there is more genetic difference between people of the same "race" than those of different "races":
	* '''Barbujani et al. (1997):''' Zones of discontinuity in human gene frequency distributions are present, but the local gradients are so small that they can be identified only by simultaneously studying many loci using complex statistical techniques. In addition, such regions of relatively sharp genetic change do not surround large clusters of populations, on a continental or nearly continental scale. On the contrary, they occur irregularly, within continents and even within single countries.<ref>Guido Barbujani et al. (1997), "An apportionment of human DNA diversity," ''PNAS'', 94(9), 4516-4519, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4516.</ref>		* '''Barbujani et al. (1997):''' Zones of discontinuity in human gene frequency distributions are present, but the local gradients are so small that they can be identified only by simultaneously studying many loci using complex statistical techniques. In addition, such regions of relatively sharp genetic change do not surround large clusters of populations, on a continental or nearly continental scale. On the contrary, they occur irregularly, within continents and even within single countries.<ref>Guido Barbujani et al. (1997), "An apportionment of human DNA diversity," ''PNAS'', 94(9), 4516-4519, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4516.</ref>
	* '''Fujimura et al. (2014):''' [I]f one wants to measure the meaningfulness of differences between groups with different geographic ancestries, one needs to use a “proportion of variation” approach. This approach compares genetic variation among individuals within groups to the genetic variation between these groups. Ironically, Edwards’s (2003) reported findings confirm Lewontin’s (1972).<ref>J. H. Fujimura et al. (2014), "Clines Without Classes: How to Make Sense of Human Variation," ''Sociological Theory'', 32(3), 208-227, https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275114551611.</ref>		* '''Fujimura et al. (2014):''' [I]f one wants to measure the meaningfulness of differences between groups with different geographic ancestries, one needs to use a “proportion of variation” approach. This approach compares genetic variation among individuals within groups to the genetic variation between these groups. Ironically, Edwards’s (2003) reported findings confirm Lewontin’s (1972).<ref>J. H. Fujimura et al. (2014), "Clines Without Classes: How to Make Sense of Human Variation," ''Sociological Theory'', 32(3), 208-227, https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275114551611.</ref>

Literallywho Ingodsname at 20:39, 3 October 2025

2025-10-03T20:39:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 3 October 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]		[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]
	[[File:Skin color map.png\|thumb\|Map of skin colors around the world. Indigenous people from [[Hellenic Republic\|Greece]], eastern [[People's Republic of China\|China]], southern [[Commonwealth of Australia\|Australia]], and much of the [[United States of America\|United States]] all have similar skin colors despite being considered different races.]]		[[File:Skin color map.png\|thumb\|Map of skin colors around the world. Indigenous people from [[Hellenic Republic\|Greece]], eastern [[People's Republic of China\|China]], southern [[Commonwealth of Australia\|Australia]], and much of the [[United States of America\|United States]] all have similar skin colors despite being considered different races.]]
	'''~~Race~~''' is a [[~~social construct~~]] ~~which influences how~~ people ~~are treated and viewed by society~~ based on ~~their~~ skin ~~color~~, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> ~~Discrimination~~ of ~~people based on racial differences~~ is called [[racism]].		In [[Homo sapiens\|modern humans]], '''race''' is a loosely-defined, [[Pseudoscience\|pseudoscientific]], and hierarchical way of categorising people based on skin colour, appearance, and other superficial traits.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> The ideology of race is called [[racism]]. [[Karl Marx]] wrote that the racial divide was a major obstacle for the [[Labour movement\|workers' movement]] and that "[[Proletariat\|Labour]] cannot emancipate itself in the [[Whiteness\|white]] skin where in the [[Colour terminology for race\|black]] it is branded."<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=The Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the [[United States of America\|United States of North America]], every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as [[slavery]] disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm}}</ref>

	The concept of race ~~has been used since the 16th century to justify~~ the ~~invasion and~~ [[~~Colonialism~~\|~~colonization~~]] ~~of lands,~~ the [[~~genocide~~]] and [[~~slavery~~]] ~~of peoples~~ and ~~the brutality associated with~~ [[~~capitalism~~]], [[~~liberalism~~]] and [[~~primitive accumulation of capital~~]]. [[~~Karl Marx]] wrote that the racial divide was~~ a ~~major obstacle for the workers' movement and that~~, ~~"[[Proletariat\|Labour~~]] ~~cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded~~.~~"<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=~~The ~~Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the~~ [[~~United States~~ of ~~America~~\|~~United States~~ of ~~North America~~]]~~, every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as~~ [[~~slavery~~]] ~~disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index~~.~~htm}}</ref>~~		The modern concept of race was invented by the [[Spain\|Spanish]] during the [[early modern period]]. By ascribing an innate superiority to themselves (whiteness) and an innate inferiority to others (colour), they could justify their [[Colonialism\|colonisation]] and permanent [[Slavery\|enslavement]] of millions of people, primarily from [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[Latin America]], which [[Slavery and religion\|had previously been carried out largely on a temporary, religious basis]]. The immense wealth generated via this brutal system of extraction was crucial for [[History of capitalism\|the development of capitalism]] in [[Europe]].

	== History ==		== History ==

PuzzledFox99: Credit to RationalWiki for bringing these studies to my attention.

2024-09-12T00:42:36Z

Credit to RationalWiki for bringing these studies to my attention.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:42, 12 September 2024
Line 11:		Line 11:

	Around the time of the [[Statesian Civil War\|Civil War in the United States]], most [[Trade union\|trade unions]] in the [[United States of America\|USA]] accepted [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)\|Italians]] and [[Republic of Ireland\|Irish]] workers but rejected [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)\|Chinese]] immigrants. The [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] became the first union to include workers regardless of race.<ref name=":0" />		Around the time of the [[Statesian Civil War\|Civil War in the United States]], most [[Trade union\|trade unions]] in the [[United States of America\|USA]] accepted [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)\|Italians]] and [[Republic of Ireland\|Irish]] workers but rejected [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)\|Chinese]] immigrants. The [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] became the first union to include workers regardless of race.<ref name=":0" />

			==Scientific validity==
			The general consensus among actual biologists is that any biological differences between different "races" are extremely minor. '''Edgar & Kunley (2009)''' found that "Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation."<ref>H. J. H. Edgar & K. L. Hunley (2009), "Race reconciled?: How biological anthropologists view human variation," ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'', 139(1), 1–4, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20995.</ref> In fact, there is evidence to suggest that there is more genetic difference between people of the same "race" than those of different "races":
			* '''Barbujani et al. (1997):''' Zones of discontinuity in human gene frequency distributions are present, but the local gradients are so small that they can be identified only by simultaneously studying many loci using complex statistical techniques. In addition, such regions of relatively sharp genetic change do not surround large clusters of populations, on a continental or nearly continental scale. On the contrary, they occur irregularly, within continents and even within single countries.<ref>Guido Barbujani et al. (1997), "An apportionment of human DNA diversity," ''PNAS'', 94(9), 4516-4519, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.9.4516.</ref>
			* '''Fujimura et al. (2014):''' [I]f one wants to measure the meaningfulness of differences between groups with different geographic ancestries, one needs to use a “proportion of variation” approach. This approach compares genetic variation among individuals within groups to the genetic variation between these groups. Ironically, Edwards’s (2003) reported findings confirm Lewontin’s (1972).<ref>J. H. Fujimura et al. (2014), "Clines Without Classes: How to Make Sense of Human Variation," ''Sociological Theory'', 32(3), 208-227, https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275114551611.</ref>

			Defenders of "race" as a biological reality like to call the above information "Lewtonin's fallacy" and insist that it has disproven. However, the arguments against "Lewtonin's fallacy" have not actually proved the idea of "race" as biological:
			* '''Marks (2010):''' Geographical correlations are far weaker hypotheses than genetically discrete races, and they obviously exist in the human species (whether studied somatically or genetically). What is unclear is what this has to do with "race" as that term has been used through much of the twentieth century the mere fact that we can find groups to be different and can reliably allot people to them is trivial. Again, the point of the theory of race was to discover large clusters of people that are principally homogeneous within, and heterogeneous between, contrasting groups. Lewontin's analysis shows that such groups do not exist in the human species, and Edwards's critique does not contradict that interpretation.<ref>Jonathan Marks (2010), “Ten Facts about Human Variation,” in ''Human Evolutionary Biology'', edited by Michael P. Muehlenbein (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 265–76, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511781193.019.</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

Ledlecreeper27: Map

2023-11-25T19:55:30Z

Map

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 25 November 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]		[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]
			[[File:Skin color map.png\|thumb\|Map of skin colors around the world. Indigenous people from [[Hellenic Republic\|Greece]], eastern [[People's Republic of China\|China]], southern [[Commonwealth of Australia\|Australia]], and much of the [[United States of America\|United States]] all have similar skin colors despite being considered different races.]]
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].		'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

Ledlecreeper27 at 00:14, 17 November 2023

2023-11-17T00:14:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:14, 17 November 2023
Line 2:		Line 2:
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].		'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race has been used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]]. [[Karl Marx]] wrote that ~~this~~ racial divide was a major obstacle for the workers' movement.<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=The Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the [[United States of America\|United States of North America]], every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as [[slavery]] disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm}}</ref>		The concept of race has been used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]]. [[Karl Marx]] wrote that the racial divide was a major obstacle for the workers' movement and that, "[[Proletariat\|Labour]] cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded."<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=The Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the [[United States of America\|United States of North America]], every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as [[slavery]] disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==

Ledlecreeper27 at 23:20, 16 November 2023

2023-11-16T23:20:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:20, 16 November 2023
Line 2:		Line 2:
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].		'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race ~~was historically~~ used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].		The concept of race has been used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]]. [[Karl Marx]] wrote that this racial divide was a major obstacle for the workers' movement.<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=The Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the [[United States of America\|United States of North America]], every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as [[slavery]] disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm}}</ref>

			== History ==
			The concept of race first began in [[Monarchy of Spain (1516–1700)\|Spain]] with the expulsion of [[Judaism\|Jews]] and [[Islam\|Muslims]] from the Iberian Peninsula and allowed the Spanish monarchy to continue oppressing them even after some converted to [[Christianity]]. In the early 17th century, the [[Kingdom of England (927–1707)\|English]] defined the Irish as racially inferior while [[Settler colonialism\|colonizing]] northern Ireland.<ref name=":8">{{Citation\|author=[[Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz]]\|year=2014\|title=An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States\|title-url=\|chapter=Culture of Conquest\|page=36–9\|pdf=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/10601/An%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Ortiz.pdf\|city=Boston\|publisher=Beacon Press Books\|series=ReVisioning American History}}</ref>

			During the colonization of [[Americas\|America]], whiteness emerged as a form of [[class collaboration]] against [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas\|indigenous peoples]]. The first use of "white" in an official document was in [[Commonwealth of Virginia\|Virginia]] in 1691.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=[[Eugene Puryear]]\|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]\|title=The U.S. state and the U.S. revolution\|date=2022-07-10\|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/the-u-s-state-and-the-u-s-revolution/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604173435/https://www.liberationschool.org/the-u-s-state-and-the-u-s-revolution/\|archive-date=2023-06-04}}</ref> A labor movement of [[Slavery\|slaves]] and [[Indentured servitude\|indentured servants]] emerged in the 17th century, but the labor movement largely excluded non-white workers, enslaved or not, by the 1830s.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation\|author=Bill Fletcher Jr.\|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]\|title=Race Is About More Than Discrimination\|date=2020-07-01\|url=https://monthlyreview.org/2020/07/01/race-is-about-more-than-discrimination/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323205358/https://monthlyreview.org/2020/07/01/race-is-about-more-than-discrimination/\|archive-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> Many white workers and [[Peasantry\|peasants]] such as [[John Brown]] and [[Newton Knight]] soon turned against their [[Bourgeoisie\|ruling class]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Paul Wilcox\|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]\|title=Abolitionist solidarity — Black and white — in the struggle against slavery\|date=2020-09-07\|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/abolitionist-solidarity-in-the-struggle-against-slavery/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610064324/https://www.liberationschool.org/abolitionist-solidarity-in-the-struggle-against-slavery/\|archive-date=2023-06-10}}</ref>

			Around the time of the [[Statesian Civil War\|Civil War in the United States]], most [[Trade union\|trade unions]] in the [[United States of America\|USA]] accepted [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)\|Italians]] and [[Republic of Ireland\|Irish]] workers but rejected [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)\|Chinese]] immigrants. The [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] became the first union to include workers regardless of race.<ref name=":0" />

	== References ==		== References ==

Ledlecreeper27: Added image

2023-11-07T16:55:38Z

Added image

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 7 November 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and ~~appearance~~. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].		[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]
			'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].		The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].

SiakaTure: Changed ethnic discrimination to racial discrimination because race and ethnicity are very different things

2023-09-05T21:56:16Z

Changed ethnic discrimination to racial discrimination because race and ethnicity are very different things

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:56, 5 September 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and appearance. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on ~~ethnic~~ differences is called [[racism]].		'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and appearance. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].		The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].

SiakaTure: Undo revision 54513 by Deogeo (talk)

2023-09-05T21:52:56Z

Undo revision 54513 by Deogeo (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:52, 5 September 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~The concept of~~ '''Race''' ~~is fake. It has no material basis. In some societies, mostly [[Western world\|Western]] ones, this~~ is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and appearance. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on ethnic differences is called [[racism]].		'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and appearance. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on ethnic differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].		The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].

	The [[Boom and bust cycle\|boom-bust cycle]] endemic to capitalist society, uses the greater immiseration of black people than white people during the bust period to sow conflict within the proletariat. This acts as a release-valve to dampen class warefare and prevent workers from seeing their true enemy, [[capital]] and its chief avatars, capitalists.

	== References ==		== References ==

Deogeo at 00:50, 23 August 2023

2023-08-23T00:50:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:50, 23 August 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and appearance. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on ethnic differences is called [[racism]].		The concept of '''Race''' is fake. It has no material basis. In some societies, mostly [[Western world\|Western]] ones, this is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and appearance. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on ethnic differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].		The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].

			The [[Boom and bust cycle\|boom-bust cycle]] endemic to capitalist society, uses the greater immiseration of black people than white people during the bust period to sow conflict within the proletariat. This acts as a release-valve to dampen class warefare and prevent workers from seeing their true enemy, [[capital]] and its chief avatars, capitalists.

	== References ==		== References ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 3 October 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]		[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]
	[[File:Skin color map.png\|thumb\|Map of skin colors around the world. Indigenous people from [[Hellenic Republic\|Greece]], eastern [[People's Republic of China\|China]], southern [[Commonwealth of Australia\|Australia]], and much of the [[United States of America\|United States]] all have similar skin colors despite being considered different races.]]		[[File:Skin color map.png\|thumb\|Map of skin colors around the world. Indigenous people from [[Hellenic Republic\|Greece]], eastern [[People's Republic of China\|China]], southern [[Commonwealth of Australia\|Australia]], and much of the [[United States of America\|United States]] all have similar skin colors despite being considered different races.]]
	'''~~Race~~''' is a [[~~social construct~~]] ~~which influences how~~ people ~~are treated and viewed by society~~ based on ~~their~~ skin ~~color~~, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> ~~Discrimination~~ of ~~people based on racial differences~~ is called [[racism]].		In [[Homo sapiens\|modern humans]], '''race''' is a loosely-defined, [[Pseudoscience\|pseudoscientific]], and hierarchical way of categorising people based on skin colour, appearance, and other superficial traits.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> The ideology of race is called [[racism]]. [[Karl Marx]] wrote that the racial divide was a major obstacle for the [[Labour movement\|workers' movement]] and that "[[Proletariat\|Labour]] cannot emancipate itself in the [[Whiteness\|white]] skin where in the [[Colour terminology for race\|black]] it is branded."<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=The Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the [[United States of America\|United States of North America]], every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as [[slavery]] disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm}}</ref>

	The concept of race ~~has been used since the 16th century to justify~~ the ~~invasion and~~ [[~~Colonialism~~\|~~colonization~~]] ~~of lands,~~ the [[~~genocide~~]] and [[~~slavery~~]] ~~of peoples~~ and ~~the brutality associated with~~ [[~~capitalism~~]], [[~~liberalism~~]] and [[~~primitive accumulation of capital~~]]. [[~~Karl Marx]] wrote that the racial divide was~~ a ~~major obstacle for the workers' movement and that~~, ~~"[[Proletariat\|Labour~~]] ~~cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded~~.~~"<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Karl Marx]]\|year=1867\|title=Capital, vol. 1\|chapter=~~The ~~Working-Day\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch10.htm\|quote=In the~~ [[~~United States~~ of ~~America~~\|~~United States~~ of ~~North America~~]]~~, every independent movement of the [[workers]] was paralysed so long as~~ [[~~slavery~~]] ~~disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index~~.~~htm}}</ref>~~		The modern concept of race was invented by the [[Spain\|Spanish]] during the [[early modern period]]. By ascribing an innate superiority to themselves (whiteness) and an innate inferiority to others (colour), they could justify their [[Colonialism\|colonisation]] and permanent [[Slavery\|enslavement]] of millions of people, primarily from [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[Latin America]], which [[Slavery and religion\|had previously been carried out largely on a temporary, religious basis]]. The immense wealth generated via this brutal system of extraction was crucial for [[History of capitalism\|the development of capitalism]] in [[Europe]].

	== History ==		== History ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 25 November 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]		[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]
			[[File:Skin color map.png\|thumb\|Map of skin colors around the world. Indigenous people from [[Hellenic Republic\|Greece]], eastern [[People's Republic of China\|China]], southern [[Commonwealth of Australia\|Australia]], and much of the [[United States of America\|United States]] all have similar skin colors despite being considered different races.]]
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].		'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:55, 7 November 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color and ~~appearance~~. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].		[[File:Race diagram.png\|thumb\|There is much more genetic variation within [[Africa\|African]] populations that between Africans and [[White people\|whites]]]]
			'''Race''' is a [[social construct]] which influences how people are treated and viewed by society based on their skin color, appearance, and other traits. Although the term is used as a generic word to describe perceived differences between members of society from varying ethnic backgrounds, it is a scientifically inaccurate category related to phenotypical differences which have minimal influence on human behavior.<ref>{{Citation\|title-url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-race-is-a-lie/\|title=The Concept of “Race” Is a Lie\|author=By Peter G. Prontzos\|date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Discrimination of people based on racial differences is called [[racism]].

	The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].		The concept of race was historically used since the 16th century to justify the invasion and [[Colonialism\|colonization]] of lands, the [[genocide]] and [[slavery]] of peoples and the brutality associated with [[capitalism]], [[liberalism]] and [[primitive accumulation of capital]].