People's Republic of China - Revision history

Charhapiti: /* Ecological Innovations */

2026-05-11T03:49:03Z

Ecological Innovations

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:49, 11 May 2026
Line 440:		Line 440:

	=== Ecological Innovations ===		=== Ecological Innovations ===
	Chinese scientists have ~~developed a protein for~~ animal feed ~~by converting it into yeast from Carbon Dioxide.~~<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=News.CN / Xinhua\|title=China approves CO2-turned protein as feed material\|date=2025-07-03\|url=https://english.news.cn/20250703/db22039bfc32436dae0838f3aa618c1e/c.html\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/rXM6q}}</ref> Chinese scientists also discovered a new method of making iron that is not only exponentially faster and cheaper, but better for the environment.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Stephen Chen\|newspaper=South China Morning Post\|title=China’s ‘explosive’ ironmaking breakthrough achieves 3,600-fold productivity boost\|date=2024-12-08\|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3289441/chinas-explosive-ironmaking-breakthrough-achieves-3600-fold-productivity-boost\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20250405152558/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3289441/chinas-explosive-ironmaking-breakthrough-achieves-3600-fold-productivity-boost}}</ref> Chinese scientists created a new plant that can be used as a substrate to grow edible and medicinal mushrooms, replacing wood.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=News.CN / Xinhua\|title=How Chinese hybrid grass technology is changing the world for the better\|date=2024-08-27\|url=https://english.news.cn/20240827/5992d59ae6e84de3804ac3d4992cfb3f/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917175422/https://english.news.cn/20240827/5992d59ae6e84de3804ac3d4992cfb3f/c.html}}</ref> China has invented drones and other cybertools for agriculture.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=CGTN\|title=Drones and AI transform agriculture in rural China\|date=2026-04-23\|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-23/Drones-and-AI-transform-agriculture-in-rural-China-1MzwQ1skhQA/p.html\|archive-url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-23/Drones-and-AI-transform-agriculture-in-rural-China-1MzwQ1skhQA/p.html}}</ref> Through sci-tech innovation, fluctuating green electricity is being converted into green fuels at scale, which can fit existing fuel storage and transportation systems. Whereas some countries are challenged by the massive power consumption of artificial intelligence (AI), China is witnessing a synergy between green electricity and AI computing power, and the Horinger data center cluster in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia, is one such demonstration project. China's data centers are built mostly in regions rich in green electricity, such as Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Xinhua Headlines: Backup to backbone: how China's green power forges its new industries\|date=2026-04-11\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260411/c879a06cad5848f599db2b515513cbf6/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411211621/https://english.news.cn/20260411/c879a06cad5848f599db2b515513cbf6/c.html}}</ref> As the global digital economy drives data center energy use and the associated carbon emissions to new heights, China is anchoring this high-power industry in regions rich in wind and solar energy, laying a sustainable foundation from the ground up.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Prairie wind propels green computing power development in north China\|date=2026-01-24\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260124/aaa35ea79dcb403c81c3438f5e9eb2f6/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260213133248/https://english.news.cn/20260124/aaa35ea79dcb403c81c3438f5e9eb2f6/c.html}}</ref> The largest data center in China is the Mobile Hohhot Data Center, where about 88 percent of the power used by the center is green.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Backup to backbone: how China's green power forges its new industries\|date=2026-04-13\|url=https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/Qiushi/2026-04/13/c_1175271.htm\|archive-url=https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/Qiushi/2026-04/13/c_1175271.htm}}</ref> With AI, autonomous driving, the BeiDou satellite navigation system, and green energy, robots can reduce afforestation costs by 20-25 percent, increase planting survival rates by 10-20 percent, and are over five times more efficient than manual ways.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Xinhua Headlines: Why China's green drive matters to global desertification battle\|date=2024-12-11\|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2024-12/11/content_117601931.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213025319/http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2024-12/11/content_117601931.htm}}</ref> China constructed the world’s first wind-powered underwater data center (UDC), drawing about 97 percent of its electricity from offshore wind and cooled using ocean water that is circulated through its 198 radiator-equipped racks.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Georgina Jedikovska\|newspaper=Interesting Engineering\|title=World’s first underwater data center fueled by wind power completed in China\|date=2025-10-23\|url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-underwater-data-center-china\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251024222615/https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-underwater-data-center-china}}</ref> China built innovative energy storage systems such as organic, gravity, photovoltaic-hydrogen, sodium-ion, magnetic levitation flywheel, compressed air, flow cell, and supercapacitator.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Chinese researchers develop safer, more durable organic batteries\|date=2026-02-20\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220142451/https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Kaif Shaikh\|newspaper=Interesting Engineering\|title=China makes batteries that run on gravity, could be an end run for lithium-ion\|date=2025-03-10\|url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310231430/https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Energy storage poised to fuel China's growth\|date=2025-01-24\|url=https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124203346/https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html}}</ref>		Chinese scientists have converted carbon dioxide into animal feed<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=News.CN / Xinhua\|title=China approves CO2-turned protein as feed material\|date=2025-07-03\|url=https://english.news.cn/20250703/db22039bfc32436dae0838f3aa618c1e/c.html\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/rXM6q}}</ref> and jet fuel.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=bne IntelliNews\|newspaper=bne IntelliNews\|title=Chinese scientists pioneer industrial process to convert CO₂ into jet fuel \|date=2026-05-05\|url=https://www.intellinews.com/chinese-scientists-pioneer-industrial-process-to-convert-co-into-jet-fuel-441095/\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/O5zhN}}</ref> Chinese scientists also discovered a new method of making iron that is not only exponentially faster and cheaper, but better for the environment.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Stephen Chen\|newspaper=South China Morning Post\|title=China’s ‘explosive’ ironmaking breakthrough achieves 3,600-fold productivity boost\|date=2024-12-08\|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3289441/chinas-explosive-ironmaking-breakthrough-achieves-3600-fold-productivity-boost\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20250405152558/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3289441/chinas-explosive-ironmaking-breakthrough-achieves-3600-fold-productivity-boost}}</ref> Chinese scientists created a new plant that can be used as a substrate to grow edible and medicinal mushrooms, replacing wood.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=News.CN / Xinhua\|title=How Chinese hybrid grass technology is changing the world for the better\|date=2024-08-27\|url=https://english.news.cn/20240827/5992d59ae6e84de3804ac3d4992cfb3f/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917175422/https://english.news.cn/20240827/5992d59ae6e84de3804ac3d4992cfb3f/c.html}}</ref> China has invented drones and other cybertools for agriculture.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=CGTN\|title=Drones and AI transform agriculture in rural China\|date=2026-04-23\|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-23/Drones-and-AI-transform-agriculture-in-rural-China-1MzwQ1skhQA/p.html\|archive-url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-23/Drones-and-AI-transform-agriculture-in-rural-China-1MzwQ1skhQA/p.html}}</ref> Through sci-tech innovation, fluctuating green electricity is being converted into green fuels at scale, which can fit existing fuel storage and transportation systems. Whereas some countries are challenged by the massive power consumption of artificial intelligence (AI), China is witnessing a synergy between green electricity and AI computing power, and the Horinger data center cluster in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia, is one such demonstration project. China's data centers are built mostly in regions rich in green electricity, such as Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Xinhua Headlines: Backup to backbone: how China's green power forges its new industries\|date=2026-04-11\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260411/c879a06cad5848f599db2b515513cbf6/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411211621/https://english.news.cn/20260411/c879a06cad5848f599db2b515513cbf6/c.html}}</ref> As the global digital economy drives data center energy use and the associated carbon emissions to new heights, China is anchoring this high-power industry in regions rich in wind and solar energy, laying a sustainable foundation from the ground up.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Prairie wind propels green computing power development in north China\|date=2026-01-24\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260124/aaa35ea79dcb403c81c3438f5e9eb2f6/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260213133248/https://english.news.cn/20260124/aaa35ea79dcb403c81c3438f5e9eb2f6/c.html}}</ref> The largest data center in China is the Mobile Hohhot Data Center, where about 88 percent of the power used by the center is green.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Backup to backbone: how China's green power forges its new industries\|date=2026-04-13\|url=https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/Qiushi/2026-04/13/c_1175271.htm\|archive-url=https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/Qiushi/2026-04/13/c_1175271.htm}}</ref> With AI, autonomous driving, the BeiDou satellite navigation system, and green energy, robots can reduce afforestation costs by 20-25 percent, increase planting survival rates by 10-20 percent, and are over five times more efficient than manual ways.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Xinhua Headlines: Why China's green drive matters to global desertification battle\|date=2024-12-11\|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2024-12/11/content_117601931.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213025319/http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2024-12/11/content_117601931.htm}}</ref> China constructed the world’s first wind-powered underwater data center (UDC), drawing about 97 percent of its electricity from offshore wind and cooled using ocean water that is circulated through its 198 radiator-equipped racks.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Georgina Jedikovska\|newspaper=Interesting Engineering\|title=World’s first underwater data center fueled by wind power completed in China\|date=2025-10-23\|url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-underwater-data-center-china\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251024222615/https://interestingengineering.com/energy/world-first-underwater-data-center-china}}</ref> China built innovative energy storage systems such as organic, gravity, photovoltaic-hydrogen, sodium-ion, magnetic levitation flywheel, compressed air, flow cell, and supercapacitator.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Chinese researchers develop safer, more durable organic batteries\|date=2026-02-20\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220142451/https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Kaif Shaikh\|newspaper=Interesting Engineering\|title=China makes batteries that run on gravity, could be an end run for lithium-ion\|date=2025-03-10\|url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310231430/https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Energy storage poised to fuel China's growth\|date=2025-01-24\|url=https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124203346/https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html}}</ref>

	=== Decarbonization ===		=== Decarbonization ===

Charhapiti: /* Post-Revolutionary Period Resistance Against Imperialism */

2026-05-03T20:14:16Z

Post-Revolutionary Period Resistance Against Imperialism

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 3 May 2026
Line 522:		Line 522:

	== Post-Revolutionary Period Resistance Against Imperialism ==		== Post-Revolutionary Period Resistance Against Imperialism ==

			=== Resistance Against Sanctions ===
	In 2026, the Ministry of Commerce issued a ban on blocking the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws and measures (referred to as the "blocking measures"), to safeguard the interests of the country and enterprises. This was the first ban challenging the United States abuse of unilateral sanctions and arbitrary "long-arm jurisdiction", which is a hegemonic means to break through sovereign borders and coerce the global market. The United States arbitrarily interfering in the normal economic and trade exchanges of other countries' enterprises completely violates the basic norms of international relations of national sovereignty and equality, and has long been firmly opposed by the international community. In the face of hegemonic pressure, China has issued a blocking ban in accordance with the law, which is in line with international practice and does not affect China's commitment and implementation of international obligations. In recent years, China has strengthened the construction of the rule of law in foreign countries, and formed a series of legal tools such as the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the Regulations on the Improper Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of Foreign Countries, and the Measures for Blocking Measures. Laws such as the Foreign Trade Law, the Export Control Law and the Foreign Investment Law have also enriched the content of safeguarding the international economic and trade order, safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of foreign economic and trade entities.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Ministry of Commerce issued a ban to block the United States to impose Iranian oil sanctions on five Chinese enterprises\|date=2026-05-02\|url=https://www2.xinhuanet.com/fortune/20260502/c6ee40ad1be34b59ae77e63b9a6a0239/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260503200434/https://www2.xinhuanet.com/fortune/20260502/c6ee40ad1be34b59ae77e63b9a6a0239/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua Finance\|title=Ministry of Commerce issued a ban to block the United States to impose Iranian oil sanctions on five Chinese enterprises\|date=2026-05-02\|url=https://www.cnfin.com/hg-lb/detail/20260502/4407916_1.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260503200754/https://www.cnfin.com/hg-lb/detail/20260502/4407916_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=People's Daily\|title=People's Daily: China's first ban to block the ban and safeguard the international economic and trade order with rule of law weapons\|date=2026-05-03\|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33094855}}</ref>		In 2026, the Ministry of Commerce issued a ban on blocking the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws and measures (referred to as the "blocking measures"), to safeguard the interests of the country and enterprises. This was the first ban challenging the United States abuse of unilateral sanctions and arbitrary "long-arm jurisdiction", which is a hegemonic means to break through sovereign borders and coerce the global market. The United States arbitrarily interfering in the normal economic and trade exchanges of other countries' enterprises completely violates the basic norms of international relations of national sovereignty and equality, and has long been firmly opposed by the international community. In the face of hegemonic pressure, China has issued a blocking ban in accordance with the law, which is in line with international practice and does not affect China's commitment and implementation of international obligations. In recent years, China has strengthened the construction of the rule of law in foreign countries, and formed a series of legal tools such as the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the Regulations on the Improper Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of Foreign Countries, and the Measures for Blocking Measures. Laws such as the Foreign Trade Law, the Export Control Law and the Foreign Investment Law have also enriched the content of safeguarding the international economic and trade order, safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of foreign economic and trade entities.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Ministry of Commerce issued a ban to block the United States to impose Iranian oil sanctions on five Chinese enterprises\|date=2026-05-02\|url=https://www2.xinhuanet.com/fortune/20260502/c6ee40ad1be34b59ae77e63b9a6a0239/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260503200434/https://www2.xinhuanet.com/fortune/20260502/c6ee40ad1be34b59ae77e63b9a6a0239/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua Finance\|title=Ministry of Commerce issued a ban to block the United States to impose Iranian oil sanctions on five Chinese enterprises\|date=2026-05-02\|url=https://www.cnfin.com/hg-lb/detail/20260502/4407916_1.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260503200754/https://www.cnfin.com/hg-lb/detail/20260502/4407916_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=People's Daily\|title=People's Daily: China's first ban to block the ban and safeguard the international economic and trade order with rule of law weapons\|date=2026-05-03\|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33094855}}</ref>

Charhapiti at 20:10, 3 May 2026

2026-05-03T20:10:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 3 May 2026
Line 520:		Line 520:

	As of the mid-2020s, China's overseas green energy projects — from the '''world's largest single-unit solar plant in Abu Dhabi''' to '''off-grid solar villages in Mali and Cameroon''', from the '''600 MW Monsoon Wind Farm in Laos''' to the '''SK Hydropower Station in Pakistan''' — reflect a model of cooperation that combines Chinese technology, manufacturing scale, and financing with partner countries' development priorities and resource endowments. This approach has been recognized by partner governments as contributing meaningfully to their energy security, industrial development, and climate goals, while also attracting scrutiny over debt sustainability and environmental standards from international observers.		As of the mid-2020s, China's overseas green energy projects — from the '''world's largest single-unit solar plant in Abu Dhabi''' to '''off-grid solar villages in Mali and Cameroon''', from the '''600 MW Monsoon Wind Farm in Laos''' to the '''SK Hydropower Station in Pakistan''' — reflect a model of cooperation that combines Chinese technology, manufacturing scale, and financing with partner countries' development priorities and resource endowments. This approach has been recognized by partner governments as contributing meaningfully to their energy security, industrial development, and climate goals, while also attracting scrutiny over debt sustainability and environmental standards from international observers.

			== Post-Revolutionary Period Resistance Against Imperialism ==
			In 2026, the Ministry of Commerce issued a ban on blocking the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws and measures (referred to as the "blocking measures"), to safeguard the interests of the country and enterprises. This was the first ban challenging the United States abuse of unilateral sanctions and arbitrary "long-arm jurisdiction", which is a hegemonic means to break through sovereign borders and coerce the global market. The United States arbitrarily interfering in the normal economic and trade exchanges of other countries' enterprises completely violates the basic norms of international relations of national sovereignty and equality, and has long been firmly opposed by the international community. In the face of hegemonic pressure, China has issued a blocking ban in accordance with the law, which is in line with international practice and does not affect China's commitment and implementation of international obligations. In recent years, China has strengthened the construction of the rule of law in foreign countries, and formed a series of legal tools such as the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the Regulations on the Improper Extraterritorial Jurisdiction of Foreign Countries, and the Measures for Blocking Measures. Laws such as the Foreign Trade Law, the Export Control Law and the Foreign Investment Law have also enriched the content of safeguarding the international economic and trade order, safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of foreign economic and trade entities.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Ministry of Commerce issued a ban to block the United States to impose Iranian oil sanctions on five Chinese enterprises\|date=2026-05-02\|url=https://www2.xinhuanet.com/fortune/20260502/c6ee40ad1be34b59ae77e63b9a6a0239/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260503200434/https://www2.xinhuanet.com/fortune/20260502/c6ee40ad1be34b59ae77e63b9a6a0239/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Huaxia\|newspaper=Xinhua Finance\|title=Ministry of Commerce issued a ban to block the United States to impose Iranian oil sanctions on five Chinese enterprises\|date=2026-05-02\|url=https://www.cnfin.com/hg-lb/detail/20260502/4407916_1.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260503200754/https://www.cnfin.com/hg-lb/detail/20260502/4407916_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=People's Daily\|title=People's Daily: China's first ban to block the ban and safeguard the international economic and trade order with rule of law weapons\|date=2026-05-03\|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33094855}}</ref>

	== Debunking myths ==		== Debunking myths ==

Charhapiti at 18:49, 3 May 2026

2026-05-03T18:49:30Z

Show changes

Charhapiti at 18:29, 3 May 2026

2026-05-03T18:29:14Z

Show changes

Charhapiti at 17:42, 3 May 2026

2026-05-03T17:42:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:42, 3 May 2026
Line 452:		Line 452:

	=== Crackdowns on Imbalanced, Extractive and Polluting Industries ===		=== Crackdowns on Imbalanced, Extractive and Polluting Industries ===
	In 2018 the PRC cracked down on the import of 24 types of solid waste including non-industrial plastics and set a limit on the import of recyclables “contaminated” with impurities such as leftover food, forcing global northern countries to solve their own waste problems or pile up mountains of scrap plastic. Prior to the ban, the European Union and the United States were two of the largest exporters of recyclable scrap to China, a "wake up call" for these countries to reduce single-use plastics. This move represented another step towards a sovereign, greener China liberated from being a garbage can for foreign countries.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party of China Ministry of Ecology and Environment\|title=Reply to Recommendation No. 7727 of the First Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress\|date=2018-08-31\|url=https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk13/201810/t20181012_662085.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427211544/https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk13/201810/t20181012_662085.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Alok Gupta\|newspaper=CGTN\|title=China's ban spurs world to solve plastic waste problem\|date=2018-06-21\|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d774e32636a4d78457a6333566d54/share_p.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522021455/https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d774e32636a4d78457a6333566d54/share_p.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Northeastern University Resilience News\|title=Piles of displaced plastic follow China’s ban on the importation of recyclable plastics\|url=https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/piles-of-displaced-plastic-follow-chinas-ban-on-the-importation-of-recyclable-plastics/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918213549/https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/piles-of-displaced-plastic-follow-chinas-ban-on-the-importation-of-recyclable-plastics/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Claire Arkin\|newspaper=Earth Island Journal\|title=China’s Ban on Plastic Waste Imports Is a Wake-Up Call\|date=2018-02-15\|url=https://earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/china_ban_plastic_imports_wakeup/P108\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427214215/https://earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/china_ban_plastic_imports_wakeup/P108}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Safety4Sea\|title=China imposes stricter control on import of waste\|date=2018-03-14\|url=https://safety4sea.com/china-imposes-stricter-control-on-import-of-waste/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316115131/https://safety4sea.com/china-imposes-stricter-control-on-import-of-waste/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=EarthWise Radio\|title=China And Plastic Waste\|date=2019-04-26\|url=https://earthwiseradio.org/podcast/%ef%bb%bfchina-and-plastic-waste/}}</ref> Unfortunately however, the global north pivoted to other countries.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=China Daily\|title=Tighter rules wielded on solid waste imports\|date=2018-02-05\|url=http://www.chinagate.cn/2018-02/05/content_50416863.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427215141/http://www.chinagate.cn/2018-02/05/content_50416863.htm}}</ref> ~~The~~ plastic ban was gradually made stricter, leading to a complete ban on single use plastics in 2025.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party of China Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection\|title=Opinions on Further Strengthening the Control of Plastic Pollution\|date=2020-01-19\|url=https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/hzs/sjdt/202001/t20200119_1219292.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812144539/https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/hzs/sjdt/202001/t20200119_1219292.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Rachel Cooper\|newspaper=Climate Action\|title=China to phase out single-use plastics\|date=2020-01-21\|url=https://www.climateaction.org/news/china-to-phase-out-single-use-plastics\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125075046/https://www.climateaction.org/news/china-to-phase-out-single-use-plastics}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party of China State Council Information Office\|title=China reveals plan to cut plastic use by 2025\|date=2020-01-20\|url=http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2020-01/20/content_75632774.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123021302/http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2020-01/20/content_75632774.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua, Communist Party of China Ministry of Ecology and Environment\|title=China urges cutting use of disposable plastics\|date=2020-12-03\|url=https://english.mee.gov.cn/News_service/media_news/202012/t20201203_811327.shtml\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228140938/https://english.mee.gov.cn/News_service/media_news/202012/t20201203_811327.shtml}}</ref> Other Asian countries began bans on plastics as well.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Radio New Zealand\|title=Single-use plastic: China to ban bags and other items\|date=2020-01-20\|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/407749/single-use-plastic-china-to-ban-bags-and-other-items\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120112329/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/407749/single-use-plastic-china-to-ban-bags-and-other-items}}</ref> The PRC has made strides towards a 'circular economy', ending reliance upon lithium extraction by building innovative energy storage systems such as organic, gravity, photovoltaic-hydrogen, sodium-ion, magnetic levitation flywheel, compressed air, flow cell, and supercapacitator.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Chinese researchers develop safer, more durable organic batteries\|date=2026-02-20\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220142451/https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Kaif Shaikh\|newspaper=Interesting Engineering\|title=China makes batteries that run on gravity, could be an end run for lithium-ion\|date=2025-03-10\|url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310231430/https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Energy storage poised to fuel China's growth\|date=2025-01-24\|url=https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124203346/https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html}}</ref>		In 2018 the PRC cracked down on the import of 24 types of solid waste including non-industrial plastics and set a limit on the import of recyclables “contaminated” with impurities such as leftover food, forcing global northern countries to solve their own waste problems or pile up mountains of scrap plastic. Prior to the ban, the European Union and the United States were two of the largest exporters of recyclable scrap to China, a "wake up call" for these countries to reduce single-use plastics. This move represented another step towards a sovereign, greener China liberated from being a garbage can for foreign countries.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party of China Ministry of Ecology and Environment\|title=Reply to Recommendation No. 7727 of the First Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress\|date=2018-08-31\|url=https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk13/201810/t20181012_662085.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427211544/https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk13/201810/t20181012_662085.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Alok Gupta\|newspaper=CGTN\|title=China's ban spurs world to solve plastic waste problem\|date=2018-06-21\|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d774e32636a4d78457a6333566d54/share_p.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522021455/https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d774e32636a4d78457a6333566d54/share_p.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Northeastern University Resilience News\|title=Piles of displaced plastic follow China’s ban on the importation of recyclable plastics\|url=https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/piles-of-displaced-plastic-follow-chinas-ban-on-the-importation-of-recyclable-plastics/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918213549/https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/piles-of-displaced-plastic-follow-chinas-ban-on-the-importation-of-recyclable-plastics/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Claire Arkin\|newspaper=Earth Island Journal\|title=China’s Ban on Plastic Waste Imports Is a Wake-Up Call\|date=2018-02-15\|url=https://earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/china_ban_plastic_imports_wakeup/P108\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427214215/https://earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/china_ban_plastic_imports_wakeup/P108}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Safety4Sea\|title=China imposes stricter control on import of waste\|date=2018-03-14\|url=https://safety4sea.com/china-imposes-stricter-control-on-import-of-waste/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316115131/https://safety4sea.com/china-imposes-stricter-control-on-import-of-waste/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=EarthWise Radio\|title=China And Plastic Waste\|date=2019-04-26\|url=https://earthwiseradio.org/podcast/%ef%bb%bfchina-and-plastic-waste/}}</ref> Unfortunately however, the global north pivoted to other countries.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=China Daily\|title=Tighter rules wielded on solid waste imports\|date=2018-02-05\|url=http://www.chinagate.cn/2018-02/05/content_50416863.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427215141/http://www.chinagate.cn/2018-02/05/content_50416863.htm}}</ref> In 2023, China's National Development and Reform Commission initiated a three-year action plan to promote the use of bamboo as an alternative to plastic products to curb pollution.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Xinhua\|newspaper=People's Daily Online\|title=China promotes bamboo as eco-friendly substitute for plastics\|date=2023-11-03\|url=https://en.people.cn/n3/2023/1103/c90000-20092742.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106220704/https://en.people.cn/n3/2023/1103/c90000-20092742.html}}</ref> Meanwhile, the plastic ban was gradually made stricter, leading to a complete ban on single use plastics in 2025.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party of China Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection\|title=Opinions on Further Strengthening the Control of Plastic Pollution\|date=2020-01-19\|url=https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/hzs/sjdt/202001/t20200119_1219292.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812144539/https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/jgsj/hzs/sjdt/202001/t20200119_1219292.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Rachel Cooper\|newspaper=Climate Action\|title=China to phase out single-use plastics\|date=2020-01-21\|url=https://www.climateaction.org/news/china-to-phase-out-single-use-plastics\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125075046/https://www.climateaction.org/news/china-to-phase-out-single-use-plastics}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Communist Party of China State Council Information Office\|title=China reveals plan to cut plastic use by 2025\|date=2020-01-20\|url=http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2020-01/20/content_75632774.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123021302/http://english.scio.gov.cn/chinavoices/2020-01/20/content_75632774.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua, Communist Party of China Ministry of Ecology and Environment\|title=China urges cutting use of disposable plastics\|date=2020-12-03\|url=https://english.mee.gov.cn/News_service/media_news/202012/t20201203_811327.shtml\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228140938/https://english.mee.gov.cn/News_service/media_news/202012/t20201203_811327.shtml}}</ref> Other Asian countries began bans on plastics as well.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Radio New Zealand\|title=Single-use plastic: China to ban bags and other items\|date=2020-01-20\|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/407749/single-use-plastic-china-to-ban-bags-and-other-items\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120112329/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/407749/single-use-plastic-china-to-ban-bags-and-other-items}}</ref> The PRC has made strides towards a 'circular economy', ending reliance upon lithium extraction by building innovative energy storage systems such as organic, gravity, photovoltaic-hydrogen, sodium-ion, magnetic levitation flywheel, compressed air, flow cell, and supercapacitator.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Chinese researchers develop safer, more durable organic batteries\|date=2026-02-20\|url=https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260220142451/https://english.news.cn/20260220/e7adf5ca6f534931b63cce2e55368256/c.html}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Kaif Shaikh\|newspaper=Interesting Engineering\|title=China makes batteries that run on gravity, could be an end run for lithium-ion\|date=2025-03-10\|url=https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310231430/https://interestingengineering.com/energy/gravity-batteries-for-renewable-energy}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Xinhua\|title=Energy storage poised to fuel China's growth\|date=2025-01-24\|url=https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124203346/https://english.news.cn/20250124/f040c8992965412abc2a0f4d616d0d72/c.html}}</ref>


	== International Mutual Cooperation ==		== International Mutual Cooperation ==

CriticalResist: /* Democracy and popular opinion */

2026-04-28T15:30:46Z

Democracy and popular opinion

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 28 April 2026
Line 342:		Line 342:
	While the Chinese government contains authoritarian elements, it also has elements of genuine democracy. An example of this may be found in the National People's Congress, China's primary legislative body. While Western media has typically labeled the NPC as a simple rubberstamping body for the Central Committee, the facts indicate that this is not entirely true. A 2016 study in the ''Journal of Legislative Studies'' found that the NPC "is no longer a minimal or ‘rubber-stamp’ legislature," noting that "the NPC does play an important role in the whole political system, especially in legislation, though the NPC has typically been under the control of China's Communist Party."<ref>{{Citation\|title=Is the label ‘minimal legislature’ still appropriate? The role of the National People's Congress in China's political system\|year=2016\|author=Wenbo Chen\|publisher=The Journal of Legislative Studies\|doi=10.1080/13572334.2015.1134909}}</ref>		While the Chinese government contains authoritarian elements, it also has elements of genuine democracy. An example of this may be found in the National People's Congress, China's primary legislative body. While Western media has typically labeled the NPC as a simple rubberstamping body for the Central Committee, the facts indicate that this is not entirely true. A 2016 study in the ''Journal of Legislative Studies'' found that the NPC "is no longer a minimal or ‘rubber-stamp’ legislature," noting that "the NPC does play an important role in the whole political system, especially in legislation, though the NPC has typically been under the control of China's Communist Party."<ref>{{Citation\|title=Is the label ‘minimal legislature’ still appropriate? The role of the National People's Congress in China's political system\|year=2016\|author=Wenbo Chen\|publisher=The Journal of Legislative Studies\|doi=10.1080/13572334.2015.1134909}}</ref>

	Many of the other claims surrounding authoritarianism in China are highly overblown, to ~~say~~ the ~~least~~. ~~For instance~~, an [https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/16/chinas-orwellian-social-credit-score-isnt-real/ ~~article~~] ~~in ''Foreign Policy'' (the most orthodox of liberal policy journals~~) notes that the Chinese ~~[[Social Credit System\|~~social credit system]] was massively exaggerated and distorted in Western media. An [https://www.wired.com/story/china-social-credit-score-system/ article] in the publication ''Wired'' discusses how many of these overblown perceptions came to be. None of this is to suggest that China is a perfect democracy, with zero flaws; it certainly has issues relating to transparency, treatment of prisoners, etc. That being said, it is far from the [[Totalitarianism\|totalitarian]] nightmare that [[Imperialism\|imperialist]] media generally depicts it as being.		Many of the other claims surrounding authoritarianism in China are highly overblown, such as those relating to the so-called [[Social Credit System]]. Even in Western media, a 2018 article in [[Foreign Policy]] titled ''China’s Orwellian Social Credit Score Isn’t Real''<ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/16/chinas-orwellian-social-credit-score-isnt-real/ ([https://archive.ph/rVfyr archived])</ref> notes that the Chinese social credit system was massively exaggerated and distorted in Western media. In 2019, the magazine [[Wired]] discussed how many of these perceptions came to be amplified in an article titled ''How the West Got China's Social Credit System Wrong.''<ref>https://www.wired.com/story/china-social-credit-score-system/</ref>

	===Public ownership===		===Public ownership===

Charhapiti at 05:30, 28 April 2026

2026-04-28T05:30:20Z

Show changes

Charhapiti: /* Debunking myths */

2026-04-28T00:51:57Z

Debunking myths

Show changes

Charhapiti: /* Ecological Balance and Sustainable Development */

2026-04-27T22:17:16Z

Ecological Balance and Sustainable Development

Show changes