Linux - Revision history

212.15.86.12 at 19:45, 15 May 2025

2025-05-15T19:45:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 15 May 2025
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	[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]		[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]
	'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the ~~linux~~ community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.		'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the Linux community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.

	Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>		Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>
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	===NVIDIA's Open-Source Boycott on Linux===		===NVIDIA's Open-Source Boycott on Linux===

	In 2011, the [[NVIDIA Corporation]] refused to provide open-source <abbr title='Graphical Processing Unit'>GPU</abbr> drivers;<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/427004/why-nvidia-graphics-cards-are-the-worst-for-open-source-but-the-best-for-linux-gaming.html\|title=Why Nvidia graphics cards are the worst for open-source, but the best for Linux gaming\|newspaper=PCWorld\|author=Chris Hoffman\|date=2015-04-17}}</ref> Linux developers were forced to reverse engineer proprietary NVIDIA GPUs to develop open-source drivers, to which NVIDIA provided horrendous support.{{~~helper~~}}		In 2011, the [[NVIDIA Corporation]] refused to provide open-source <abbr title='Graphical Processing Unit'>GPU</abbr> drivers;<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/427004/why-nvidia-graphics-cards-are-the-worst-for-open-source-but-the-best-for-linux-gaming.html\|title=Why Nvidia graphics cards are the worst for open-source, but the best for Linux gaming\|newspaper=PCWorld\|author=Chris Hoffman\|date=2015-04-17}}</ref> Linux developers were forced to reverse engineer proprietary NVIDIA GPUs to develop open-source drivers, to which NVIDIA provided horrendous support.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=André Machado\|newspaper=André Machado {{!}} Blog\|title=Nouveau vs. NVIDIA: The Battle Between Open-Source Ideals and Proprietary Performance on Linux\|date=2024-11-14\|url=https://machaddr.substack.com/p/nouveau-vs-nvidia-the-battle-between\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515194319/https://machaddr.substack.com/p/nouveau-vs-nvidia-the-battle-between\|archive-date=2024-05-15\|retrieved=2024-05-15}}</ref>

	Linus Torvalds famously responded to the boycott with a middle finger and a curse word: "NVIDIA, Fuck you!"<ref>{{YouTube citation\|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=_36yNWw_07g\|channel=Kuttofos\|date=2012-06-17\|title=Linus Torvalds To Nvidia - "Fuck You"}}</ref>		Linus Torvalds famously responded to the boycott with a middle finger and a curse word: "NVIDIA, Fuck you!"<ref>{{YouTube citation\|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=_36yNWw_07g\|channel=Kuttofos\|date=2012-06-17\|title=Linus Torvalds To Nvidia - "Fuck You"}}</ref>
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	* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to its compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>		* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to its compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>
	* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>		* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>
	* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].{{~~helper~~\|~~helper-text~~=~~Confirm~~ Linux ~~heritage~~\|~~hover~~-~~text~~=~~Find sources confirming that Red Star OS is based off Linux~~.}}		* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].<ref>Duval, Gaël. "From Sovereign Operating Systems to the Sovereign Digital Chain." ''Reflections on Programming Systems: Historical and Philosophical Aspects'' (2018): 261-271.</ref>
	*		*The [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] developed [[Canaima GNU/Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Cleto Sojo\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Venezuela Embraces Linux and Open Source Software, but Faces Challenges\|date=2004-12-8\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/827/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112003150/https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/827/\|archive-date=2025-01-12\|retrieved=May 15, 2025\|quote=Dec, 8, 2004 (Venezuelanalysis.com).- Venezuela’s government is quickly moving towards the adoption of Open Source software, in a bid to save money and move towards technological independence.}}</ref>

	==~~Attacks by Microsoft~~==

	==External Links==		==External Links==

Cassette: /* References */

2024-04-26T20:09:39Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 26 April 2024
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	===NSA Interrogation===		===NSA Interrogation===

	In 2013, [[Nils Torvalds]] reported that the [[National Security Agency]] contacted Linus Torvalds with a request to add backdoors into Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Christian Engstrom\|newspaper=Falkvinge\|title=NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux\|date=2013-11-17\|url=https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210140134/https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-date=2023-12-10\|quote=~~"NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux".~~}}</ref>		In 2013, [[Nils Torvalds]] reported that the [[National Security Agency]] contacted Linus Torvalds with a request to add backdoors into Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Christian Engstrom\|newspaper=Falkvinge\|title=NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux\|date=2013-11-17\|url=https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210140134/https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-date=2023-12-10\|quote=}}</ref>

	==Linux distributions==		==Linux distributions==

Cassette at 20:09, 26 April 2024

2024-04-26T20:09:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 26 April 2024
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	===NSA Interrogation===		===NSA Interrogation===

	In 2013, [[Nils Torvalds]] reported that the [[National Security Agency]] contacted Linus Torvalds with a request to add backdoors into Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=~~christian.engstrom~~\|newspaper=Falkvinge\|title=NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux\|date=2013-11-17\|url=https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210140134/https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-date=2023-12-10\|quote="NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux".}}</ref>		In 2013, [[Nils Torvalds]] reported that the [[National Security Agency]] contacted Linus Torvalds with a request to add backdoors into Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Christian Engstrom\|newspaper=Falkvinge\|title=NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux\|date=2013-11-17\|url=https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210140134/https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-date=2023-12-10\|quote="NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux".}}</ref>

	==Linux distributions==		==Linux distributions==

Cassette: /* References */ changed one of the sources

2024-04-26T20:04:35Z

References: changed one of the sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 26 April 2024
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	===NSA Interrogation===		===NSA Interrogation===

	In 2013, [[Nils Torvalds]] reported that the [[National Security Agency]] contacted Linus Torvalds with a request to add backdoors into Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|~~title~~=~~[[National Security Agency~~\|NSA]] Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux}}</ref>		In 2013, [[Nils Torvalds]] reported that the [[National Security Agency]] contacted Linus Torvalds with a request to add backdoors into Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=christian.engstrom\|newspaper=Falkvinge\|title=NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux\|date=2013-11-17\|url=https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210140134/https://falkvinge.net/2013/11/17/nsa-asked-linus-torvalds-to-install-backdoors-into-gnulinux/\|archive-date=2023-12-10\|quote="NSA Asked Linus Torvalds To Install Backdoors Into GNU/Linux".}}</ref>

	==Linux distributions==		==Linux distributions==

ComradeSyntrofos: Added stuff

2023-10-09T10:54:59Z

Added stuff

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 9 October 2023
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	Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>		Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>

			Many Linux-based operating systems are better in terms of performance and stability than [[Microsoft Windows]].

	==History==		==History==
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	===State-developed===		===State-developed===

	Many [[State\|states]] have developed a Linux-based operating system to develop sovereign economies and break dependence on [[Microsoft Windows]], which has backdoors usable by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].		Many [[State\|states]] have developed a Linux-based operating system to develop sovereign economies and break dependence on Microsoft Windows, which has backdoors usable by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].

	* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to ~~it's~~ compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>		* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to its compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>
	* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>		* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>
	* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].{{helper\|helper-text=Confirm Linux heritage\|hover-text=Find sources confirming that Red Star OS is based off Linux.}}		* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].{{helper\|helper-text=Confirm Linux heritage\|hover-text=Find sources confirming that Red Star OS is based off Linux.}}
			*

	==Attacks by Microsoft==		==Attacks by Microsoft==

CriticalResist: Reverted edits by RedArcher9 (talk) to last revision by CrimsonCommie

2023-07-11T08:32:50Z

Reverted edits by RedArcher9 (talk) to last revision by CrimsonCommie

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 11 July 2023
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	* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to it's compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>		* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to it's compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>
	* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>		* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>
	* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].~~<ref>~~{{~~Web citation~~\|~~newspaper~~=~~ArchiveOS~~\|~~title~~=Red Star OS~~\|url=https://archiveos.org/redstar/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Chris Hoffman\|newspaper=PCWorld\|title=Meet Red Star OS, the North Korean~~ Linux ~~distro that apes Apple’s OS X\|date=2014-12-23\|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/430978/meet-red-star-os-the-north-korean-linux-distro-that-apes-apples-os-x~~.~~html\|retrieved=2023-7-8~~}}~~</ref>~~		* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].{{helper\|helper-text=Confirm Linux heritage\|hover-text=Find sources confirming that Red Star OS is based off Linux.}}

	==Attacks by Microsoft==		==Attacks by Microsoft==

RedArcher9: added sources

2023-07-08T16:07:19Z

added sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:07, 8 July 2023
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	* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to it's compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>		* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to it's compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>
	* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>		* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>
	* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].{{~~helper~~\|~~helper-text~~=~~Confirm Linux heritage~~\|~~hover-text~~=~~Find sources confirming that~~ Red Star OS ~~is based off~~ Linux.}}		* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=ArchiveOS\|title=Red Star OS\|url=https://archiveos.org/redstar/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Chris Hoffman\|newspaper=PCWorld\|title=Meet Red Star OS, the North Korean Linux distro that apes Apple’s OS X\|date=2014-12-23\|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/430978/meet-red-star-os-the-north-korean-linux-distro-that-apes-apples-os-x.html\|retrieved=2023-7-8}}</ref>

	==Attacks by Microsoft==		==Attacks by Microsoft==

CrimsonCommie: Redlinked Alpine Linux

2023-06-05T04:41:44Z

Redlinked Alpine Linux

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:41, 5 June 2023
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	'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the linux community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.		'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the linux community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.

	Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like Alpine Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>		Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==

CrimsonCommie: Changed some of the wording to be more accurate.

2023-05-24T11:03:49Z

Changed some of the wording to be more accurate.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 24 May 2023
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	[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]		[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]
	'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel ~~developed~~ by [[Linus Torvalds]]. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.		'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the linux community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.

	Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like Alpine Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>		Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like Alpine Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>

CrimsonCommie: Removed hyperlink for the second GNU coreutils

2023-05-24T10:18:02Z

Removed hyperlink for the second GNU coreutils

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 24 May 2023
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	==Linux distributions==		==Linux distributions==

	Linux distributions (operating systems that use Linux) often use the [[GNU coreutils]]. Although, many alternatives to the [[GNU coreutils]] exist, such as [[Uutils]] and [[Busybox]].		Linux distributions (operating systems that use Linux) often use the [[GNU coreutils]]. Although, many alternatives to the GNU coreutils exist, such as [[Uutils]] and [[Busybox]].

	===State-developed===		===State-developed===

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 15 May 2025
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	[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]		[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]
	'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the ~~linux~~ community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.		'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the Linux community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.

	Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>		Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like [[Alpine Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>
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	===NVIDIA's Open-Source Boycott on Linux===		===NVIDIA's Open-Source Boycott on Linux===

	In 2011, the [[NVIDIA Corporation]] refused to provide open-source <abbr title='Graphical Processing Unit'>GPU</abbr> drivers;<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/427004/why-nvidia-graphics-cards-are-the-worst-for-open-source-but-the-best-for-linux-gaming.html\|title=Why Nvidia graphics cards are the worst for open-source, but the best for Linux gaming\|newspaper=PCWorld\|author=Chris Hoffman\|date=2015-04-17}}</ref> Linux developers were forced to reverse engineer proprietary NVIDIA GPUs to develop open-source drivers, to which NVIDIA provided horrendous support.{{~~helper~~}}		In 2011, the [[NVIDIA Corporation]] refused to provide open-source <abbr title='Graphical Processing Unit'>GPU</abbr> drivers;<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/427004/why-nvidia-graphics-cards-are-the-worst-for-open-source-but-the-best-for-linux-gaming.html\|title=Why Nvidia graphics cards are the worst for open-source, but the best for Linux gaming\|newspaper=PCWorld\|author=Chris Hoffman\|date=2015-04-17}}</ref> Linux developers were forced to reverse engineer proprietary NVIDIA GPUs to develop open-source drivers, to which NVIDIA provided horrendous support.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=André Machado\|newspaper=André Machado {{!}} Blog\|title=Nouveau vs. NVIDIA: The Battle Between Open-Source Ideals and Proprietary Performance on Linux\|date=2024-11-14\|url=https://machaddr.substack.com/p/nouveau-vs-nvidia-the-battle-between\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515194319/https://machaddr.substack.com/p/nouveau-vs-nvidia-the-battle-between\|archive-date=2024-05-15\|retrieved=2024-05-15}}</ref>

	Linus Torvalds famously responded to the boycott with a middle finger and a curse word: "NVIDIA, Fuck you!"<ref>{{YouTube citation\|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=_36yNWw_07g\|channel=Kuttofos\|date=2012-06-17\|title=Linus Torvalds To Nvidia - "Fuck You"}}</ref>		Linus Torvalds famously responded to the boycott with a middle finger and a curse word: "NVIDIA, Fuck you!"<ref>{{YouTube citation\|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=_36yNWw_07g\|channel=Kuttofos\|date=2012-06-17\|title=Linus Torvalds To Nvidia - "Fuck You"}}</ref>
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	* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to its compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>		* The [[Russian Federation]] developed and is transitioning to [[Astra Linux]],<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru\|title=Российские операционные системы (ОС), отечественное ПО для виртуализации и резервного копирования \| Astra Linux (Russian operating system, home virtualization, and reserve software \| Astra Linux)}}</ref> due to its compliance to state orders for use of domestic software.<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://astralinux.ru/main-government\|title=Государственный сектор}}</ref>
	* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>		* The [[Republic of Cuba]] developed [[Nova]].<ref>{{Web citation\|url=https://www.nova.cu/\|title=Nova \| Portal Web}}</ref>
	* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].{{~~helper~~\|~~helper-text~~=~~Confirm~~ Linux ~~heritage~~\|~~hover~~-~~text~~=~~Find sources confirming that Red Star OS is based off Linux~~.}}		* The [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea\|DPRK]] (through the Korea Computer Center) developed [[Red Star OS]].<ref>Duval, Gaël. "From Sovereign Operating Systems to the Sovereign Digital Chain." ''Reflections on Programming Systems: Historical and Philosophical Aspects'' (2018): 261-271.</ref>
	*		*The [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] developed [[Canaima GNU/Linux]].<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Cleto Sojo\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Venezuela Embraces Linux and Open Source Software, but Faces Challenges\|date=2004-12-8\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/827/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112003150/https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/827/\|archive-date=2025-01-12\|retrieved=May 15, 2025\|quote=Dec, 8, 2004 (Venezuelanalysis.com).- Venezuela’s government is quickly moving towards the adoption of Open Source software, in a bid to save money and move towards technological independence.}}</ref>

	==~~Attacks by Microsoft~~==

	==External Links==		==External Links==

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	[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]		[[Image:Tux.svg\|200px\|thumb\|Tux, the communal mascot of Linux.]]
	'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel ~~developed~~ by [[Linus Torvalds]]. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.		'''Linux''' is a [[Free and open-source software\|free and open-source]] [[UNIX]]-like monolithic kernel created by [[Linus Torvalds]] and developed by the linux community. Linux is managed with the version control system <code>git</code> and licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] version 2.

	Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like Alpine Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>		Linux is often bundled with the [[GNU]] utilities. Although, this is not always the case, as can be seen by distributions like Alpine Linux.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=The Alpine Linux Developers\|newspaper=Alpine Linux\|title=Main Page\|date=2023-5-24\|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520235223/https://www.alpinelinux.org/\|archive-date=2023-5-20\|retrieved=2023-5-24\|quote=Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.}}</ref>