Kingdom of France (987–1792) - Revision history

Ledlecreeper27: Link to French Revolution

2023-08-03T15:53:27Z

Link to French Revolution

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 3 August 2023
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	=== Seven Years' War ===		=== Seven Years' War ===
	France lost its [[Colonialism\|colonial]] empire in [[North America\|America]] and [[India]] to the British in 1763 as a result of the Seven Years' War.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The Second Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=119\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>		France lost its [[Colonialism\|colonial]] empire in [[North America\|America]] and [[India]] to the British in 1763 as a result of the Seven Years' War.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The Second Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=119\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

			=== Collapse ===
			{{Main article\|French Revolution}}

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Medieval history]]		[[Category:Medieval history]]

Ledlecreeper27: Louis XI

2023-06-27T19:20:39Z

Louis XI

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:20, 27 June 2023
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	=== Centralization and decline of feudalism ===		=== Centralization and decline of feudalism ===
			[[Louis XI\|Louis Valois]], who reigned from 1461 to 1483, expanded the borders of France to the Alps, Pyrenees, and Jura mountains and protected commerce and industry.<ref>{{Citation\|author=[[Friedrich Engels]]\|year=1850\|title=The Peasant War in Germany\|chapter=Notes\|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/notes.htm\|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/index.htm}}</ref>

	King [[Charles VIII of France\|Charles Valois]] unified France and [[Duchy of Brittany\|Brittany]] in 1491 by marrying Anne, the heiress of the Duchy of Brittany. Between 1494 and 1559, France fought against the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)\|Holy Roman Empire]] and Hapsburg-ruled Spain in northern Italy. During the 16th century, the French monarchy subordinated the Church and Parliament to the crown and forbid nobles from organizing their own military forces.<ref name=":0222" />		King [[Charles VIII of France\|Charles Valois]] unified France and [[Duchy of Brittany\|Brittany]] in 1491 by marrying Anne, the heiress of the Duchy of Brittany. Between 1494 and 1559, France fought against the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)\|Holy Roman Empire]] and Hapsburg-ruled Spain in northern Italy. During the 16th century, the French monarchy subordinated the Church and Parliament to the crown and forbid nobles from organizing their own military forces.<ref name=":0222" />

Ledlecreeper27: Seven years' war

2023-01-19T18:23:34Z

Seven years' war

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:23, 19 January 2023
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	During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked, and France backed three Catholic rebellions in [[Kingdom of England (927–1707)\|England]] following the [[Glorious Revolution]].<ref name=":022222" />		During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked, and France backed three Catholic rebellions in [[Kingdom of England (927–1707)\|England]] following the [[Glorious Revolution]].<ref name=":022222" />

			=== Seven Years' War ===
			France lost its [[Colonialism\|colonial]] empire in [[North America\|America]] and [[India]] to the British in 1763 as a result of the Seven Years' War.<ref name=":02222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The Second Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=119\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Medieval history]]		[[Category:Medieval history]]

Ledlecreeper27 at 18:16, 19 January 2023

2023-01-19T18:16:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 19 January 2023
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	{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of France\|native_name=Royaume de France\|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg\|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg\|capital=Paris\|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]\|government_type=Monarchy\|life_span=987–1792\|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg\|map_width=260\|map_caption=France in 1789}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of France\|native_name=Royaume de France\|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg\|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg\|capital=Paris\|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]\|government_type=Monarchy\|life_span=987–1792\|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg\|map_width=260\|map_caption=France in 1789}}

	The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. It was weaker than [[Hapsburg Spain\|Spain]] but had a more economic development in some areas and surpassed Spain after the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)#Thirty Years' War\|Thirty Years' War]], becoming the leading power in Europe.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=95–104\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>		The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. It was weaker than [[Hapsburg Spain\|Spain]] but had a more economic development in some areas and surpassed Spain after the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)#Thirty Years' War\|Thirty Years' War]], becoming the leading power in Europe.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=95–104, 115\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
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	The [[Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants.		The [[Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants.

	During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked.<ref name=":022222" />		During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked, and France backed three Catholic rebellions in [[Kingdom of England (927–1707)\|England]] following the [[Glorious Revolution]].<ref name=":022222" />

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Medieval history]]		[[Category:Medieval history]]

Ledlecreeper27 at 16:10, 19 January 2023

2023-01-19T16:10:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:10, 19 January 2023
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	=== Protestant Reformation ===		=== Protestant Reformation ===
	The [[~~Christianity\|~~Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants.		The [[Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants.

	During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked.<ref name=":022222" />		During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked.<ref name=":022222" />

Ledlecreeper27 at 16:06, 19 January 2023

2023-01-19T16:06:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 19 January 2023
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	{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of France\|native_name=Royaume de France\|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg\|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg\|capital=Paris\|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]\|government_type=Monarchy\|life_span=987–1792\|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg\|map_width=260\|map_caption=France in 1789}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of France\|native_name=Royaume de France\|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg\|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg\|capital=Paris\|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]\|government_type=Monarchy\|life_span=987–1792\|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg\|map_width=260\|map_caption=France in 1789}}

	The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. It was weaker than [[Hapsburg Spain\|Spain]] but had a more economic development in some areas.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=~~95–99~~\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>		The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. It was weaker than [[Hapsburg Spain\|Spain]] but had a more economic development in some areas and surpassed Spain after the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)#Thirty Years' War\|Thirty Years' War]], becoming the leading power in Europe.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=95–104\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
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	=== Protestant Reformation ===		=== Protestant Reformation ===
	The [[Christianity\|Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked.<ref name=":022222" />		The [[Christianity\|Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants.

			During the 1620s and 1630s, the state continued to centralize under [[Cardinal Richelieu]]. The Huguenots and feudal nobles lost power, while the monarchy appointed royal administrators to rule in their place. France fought in the Thirty Years' War from 1635 to 1648 and helped defeat the Hapsburgs, making France the leading power in Europe. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked.<ref name=":022222" />

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Medieval history]]		[[Category:Medieval history]]

Ledlecreeper27: Reformation

2023-01-19T15:56:48Z

Reformation

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:56, 19 January 2023
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	{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of France\|native_name=Royaume de France\|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg\|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg\|capital=Paris\|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]\|government_type=Monarchy\|life_span=987–1792\|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg\|map_width=260\|map_caption=France in 1789}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of France\|native_name=Royaume de France\|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg\|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg\|capital=Paris\|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]\|government_type=Monarchy\|life_span=987–1792\|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg\|map_width=260\|map_caption=France in 1789}}

	The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=~~94–103~~\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>		The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. It was weaker than [[Hapsburg Spain\|Spain]] but had a more economic development in some areas.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions\|page=95–99\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==

	=== ~~Peasant rebellion~~ ===		=== Rebellion ===
	[[Peasantry\|Peasants]] revolted across northern France in 1358, and 3,000 urban artisans led by [[Etienne Marcel]] marched to the royal palace and forced the monarch's heir to support the rebellion.<ref name=":0222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=European Feudalism\|page=86–88\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>		[[Peasantry\|Peasants]] revolted across northern France in 1358, and 3,000 urban artisans led by [[Etienne Marcel]] marched to the royal palace and forced the monarch's heir to support the rebellion.<ref name=":0222">{{Citation\|author=Neil Faulkner\|year=2013\|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals\|chapter=European Feudalism\|page=86–88\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf\|publisher=Pluto Press\|isbn=9781849648639\|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

	=== Centralization ===		=== Centralization and decline of feudalism ===
	King [[Charles VIII of France\|Charles Valois]] unified France and [[Duchy of Brittany\|Brittany]] in 1491 by marrying Anne, the heiress of the Duchy of Brittany. Between 1494 and 1559, France fought against the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)\|Holy Roman Empire]] and Hapsburg-ruled ~~[[Hapsburg~~ Spain~~\|Spain]]~~ in northern Italy. During the 16th century, the French monarchy subordinated the Church and Parliament to the crown and forbid nobles from organizing their own military forces.<ref name=":0222" />		King [[Charles VIII of France\|Charles Valois]] unified France and [[Duchy of Brittany\|Brittany]] in 1491 by marrying Anne, the heiress of the Duchy of Brittany. Between 1494 and 1559, France fought against the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)\|Holy Roman Empire]] and Hapsburg-ruled Spain in northern Italy. During the 16th century, the French monarchy subordinated the Church and Parliament to the crown and forbid nobles from organizing their own military forces.<ref name=":0222" />

			=== Protestant Reformation ===
			The [[Christianity\|Protestant Reformation]] spread through about a third of France. Most of its supporters were the early [[bourgeoisie]], but some nobles also converted and became Huguenots. Aristocratic factions fought in religious wars, which sometimes took the form of pogroms against Protestants such as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572. In 1589, the Protestant [[Henry of Navarre]] became King and reunited the country by converting to Catholicism but giving religious freedom to Protestants. Persecution of Protestants returned in 1685 when the Edict of Nantes was revoked.<ref name=":022222" />

	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Medieval history]]		[[Category:Medieval history]]

Ledlecreeper27: Created

2023-01-19T13:39:42Z

Created

New page

{{Infobox country|name=Kingdom of France|native_name=Royaume de France|image_flag=French monarchist flag.svg|image_coat=French monarchist COA.svg|capital=Paris|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]|government_type=Monarchy|life_span=987–1792|image_map=Kingdom of France (1789).svg|map_width=260|map_caption=France in 1789}}

The '''Kingdom of France''' was a state in Western Europe during the medieval and early modern periods.<ref name=":022222">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=The First Wave of Bourgeois Revolutions|page=94–103|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Peasant rebellion ===
[[Peasantry|Peasants]] revolted across northern France in 1358, and 3,000 urban artisans led by [[Etienne Marcel]] marched to the royal palace and forced the monarch's heir to support the rebellion.<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=European Feudalism|page=86–88|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref>

=== Centralization ===
King [[Charles VIII of France|Charles Valois]] unified France and [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]] in 1491 by marrying Anne, the heiress of the Duchy of Brittany. Between 1494 and 1559, France fought against the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)|Holy Roman Empire]] and Hapsburg-ruled [[Hapsburg Spain|Spain]] in northern Italy. During the 16th century, the French monarchy subordinated the Church and Parliament to the crown and forbid nobles from organizing their own military forces.<ref name=":0222" />

== References ==
[[Category:Medieval history]]