Kingdom of Eswatini - Revision history

Nasr: added images

2026-09-11T13:50:59Z

added images

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 11 September 2026
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	==== Tembe Kingdom ====		==== Tembe Kingdom ====
	The origin of the Swazi people is rooted in the broader linguistic and demographic shifts of the Bantu migrations. The ancestors of the Swazi belong to the Nguni, by the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries had settled around present Maputo, Mozambique. The Dlamini lineage were [[Nobility\|aristocrats]], as evidenced by their herds, its capacity to command the labour and the loyalty of followers. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		The origin of the Swazi people is rooted in the broader linguistic and demographic shifts of the Bantu migrations. The ancestors of the Swazi belong to the Nguni, by the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries had settled around present Maputo, Mozambique. The Dlamini lineage were [[Nobility\|aristocrats]], as evidenced by their herds, its capacity to command the labour and the loyalty of followers. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
			[[File:Tembe Kingdom.jpg\|thumb\|358x358px\|This map details the precolonial trade networks centered around the Tembe Kingdom, illustrating the inland flow of brass, beads and cloth from the coastal hub of Delagoa Bay.]]
	King Dlamini I, established the Nkosi Dlamini as the royal clan of Embo-Nguni, though they were underneath the [[Tembe Kingdom]] as vassals. After the establishment, they continuously migrated southward and inland, driven by environmental pressures, the search for superior, disease-free grazing lands for their expanding herds. Though it was under King Dlamini III who began this migration, this migration was accompanied with Ndwandwe lineage which would end in a centuries-long history of strategic intermarriage. The intermarriages functioned as a tool for consolidating wealth, sealing military alliances, and regulating competition over grazing lands and tribute.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		King Dlamini I, established the Nkosi Dlamini as the royal clan of Embo-Nguni, though they were underneath the [[Tembe Kingdom]] as vassals. After the establishment, they continuously migrated southward and inland, driven by environmental pressures, the search for superior, disease-free grazing lands for their expanding herds. Though it was under King Dlamini III who began this migration, this migration was accompanied with Ndwandwe lineage which would end in a centuries-long history of strategic intermarriage. The intermarriages functioned as a tool for consolidating wealth, sealing military alliances, and regulating competition over grazing lands and tribute.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

	==== KaNgwane Kingdom ====		==== KaNgwane Kingdom ====
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	Sobhuza I's reign happened simultaneously with the Mfecane, a period of socio-political crisis, endemic warfare, and forced mass migration. The Mfecane happened as a result of competition over grazing lands, the control of trade routes, the environmental pressures of the Madlatule famine, and the ambitions by emerging aristocracies to concentrate cattle wealth and subjugate neighbouring people.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		Sobhuza I's reign happened simultaneously with the Mfecane, a period of socio-political crisis, endemic warfare, and forced mass migration. The Mfecane happened as a result of competition over grazing lands, the control of trade routes, the environmental pressures of the Madlatule famine, and the ambitions by emerging aristocracies to concentrate cattle wealth and subjugate neighbouring people.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
			[[File:Swazi Warrior.jpg\|thumb\|443x443px\|Swazi warrior dressed in traditional ceremonial attire, wearing an ''Umnyatfelo'' headdress. Picture taken circa 1900, by the Trappist Monastery in Mariannhill.]]
	Sobhuza I initiated a massive retreat. He abandoned the southern heartlands and moved his capital, his herds, and his followers north into the mountainous, defensible terrain of the Mdzimba Mountains and the Ezulwini Valley in central Eswatini. Here, he established a new royal capital, which he also named Zombodze and a spiritual capital at Lobamba (present capital of Eswatini). By relocating the centre of the state, Sobhuza preserved the Dlamini aristocracy's control over its herds, its followers, and its tributary base. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		Sobhuza I initiated a massive retreat. He abandoned the southern heartlands and moved his capital, his herds, and his followers north into the mountainous, defensible terrain of the Mdzimba Mountains and the Ezulwini Valley in central Eswatini. Here, he established a new royal capital, which he also named Zombodze and a spiritual capital at Lobamba (present capital of Eswatini). By relocating the centre of the state, Sobhuza preserved the Dlamini aristocracy's control over its herds, its followers, and its tributary base. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

	The territory into which Sobhuza I retreated was occupied by the Sotho and Nguni clans who had lived in the central and northern regions long before the Dlamini arrival. Once they arrived they called these indigenous groups the Emakhandzambili ("those found ahead"). Within these Emakhandzambili, the Magagula, Maseko, Mnisi, and Nkambule clans. Sobhuza I used a dual strategy of military conquest and diplomatic assimilation to incorporate these groups. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		The territory into which Sobhuza I retreated was occupied by the Sotho and Nguni clans who had lived in the central and northern regions long before the Dlamini arrival. Once they arrived they called these indigenous groups the Emakhandzambili ("those found ahead"). Within these Emakhandzambili, the Magagula, Maseko, Mnisi, and Nkambule clans. Sobhuza I used a dual strategy of military conquest and diplomatic assimilation to incorporate these groups. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

	The Maseko under their chief Cece, submitted without significant resistance and were peacefully integrated into the political structure, though strictly kept subordinate to the Dlamini elite. Others, most notably the powerful Magagula clan under Chief Dvokolwako, posed a protracted resistance. Despite that Sobhuza broke their political autonomy, he preserved and incorporated their ideological power. By absorbing the spiritual authority of the conquered chiefs. He neutralised the resistance. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		The Maseko under their chief Cece, submitted without significant resistance and were peacefully integrated into the political structure, though strictly kept subordinate to the Dlamini elite. Others, most notably the powerful Magagula clan under Chief Dvokolwako, posed a protracted resistance. Despite that Sobhuza broke their political autonomy, he preserved and incorporated their ideological power. By absorbing the spiritual authority of the conquered chiefs. He neutralised the resistance. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

	=== Colonialism ===		=== Colonialism ===

Nasr: expanded

2026-08-11T01:12:04Z

expanded

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:12, 11 August 2026
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	King Ndvungunye reigned from roughly 1780 to 1815, and led a demographic and military build-up across the region under a period where the people were beginning to experience severe environmental and political stress alongside the Madlatule famine. During this, Ndvungunye expanded the influence of KaNgwane primarily through diplomatic marriages and the absorption of refugee populations fleeing the violence to the south. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />		King Ndvungunye reigned from roughly 1780 to 1815, and led a demographic and military build-up across the region under a period where the people were beginning to experience severe environmental and political stress alongside the Madlatule famine. During this, Ndvungunye expanded the influence of KaNgwane primarily through diplomatic marriages and the absorption of refugee populations fleeing the violence to the south. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

	Ndvungunye provided the Simelane with land at KoNtjingila and was given two daughters of the former Simelane chief.		Ndvungunye provided the Simelane with land at KoNtjingila and was given two daughters of the former Simelane chief. He married both the daughters, Lojiba Simelane (main wife) and her younger sister Somnjalose Simelane, who acted as an inhlanti (co-wife). The Simelane were not integrated as equals; they were subordinated as a client clan, obliged to provide military service in exchange for land and protection. The refugee populations absorbed during this period were similarly integrated as subordinate commoners, expanding the base of surplus extraction available to the Dlamini elite.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

			Ndvungunye's reign ended when he was struck and killed by lightning, which caused a succession crisis. Ndvungunye was succeeded by his son, King Sobhuza I also known as Somhlolo (‘’Man of Mysteries’’). Born around 1788, Sobhuza I ascended the throne in 1815. Due to the intricacies of Swazi royal custom, his aunt, Lojiba Simelane, took on the role of Ndlovukati and Queen Regent because she was the main wife, despite Somnjalose the co-wife being the biological mother. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

			Sobhuza I's reign happened simultaneously with the Mfecane, a period of socio-political crisis, endemic warfare, and forced mass migration. The Mfecane happened as a result of competition over grazing lands, the control of trade routes, the environmental pressures of the Madlatule famine, and the ambitions by emerging aristocracies to concentrate cattle wealth and subjugate neighbouring people.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

			Sobhuza I initiated a massive retreat. He abandoned the southern heartlands and moved his capital, his herds, and his followers north into the mountainous, defensible terrain of the Mdzimba Mountains and the Ezulwini Valley in central Eswatini. Here, he established a new royal capital, which he also named Zombodze and a spiritual capital at Lobamba (present capital of Eswatini). By relocating the centre of the state, Sobhuza preserved the Dlamini aristocracy's control over its herds, its followers, and its tributary base. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

			The territory into which Sobhuza I retreated was occupied by the Sotho and Nguni clans who had lived in the central and northern regions long before the Dlamini arrival. Once they arrived they called these indigenous groups the Emakhandzambili ("those found ahead"). Within these Emakhandzambili, the Magagula, Maseko, Mnisi, and Nkambule clans. Sobhuza I used a dual strategy of military conquest and diplomatic assimilation to incorporate these groups. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

			The Maseko under their chief Cece, submitted without significant resistance and were peacefully integrated into the political structure, though strictly kept subordinate to the Dlamini elite. Others, most notably the powerful Magagula clan under Chief Dvokolwako, posed a protracted resistance. Despite that Sobhuza broke their political autonomy, he preserved and incorporated their ideological power. By absorbing the spiritual authority of the conquered chiefs. He neutralised the resistance. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

	=== Colonialism ===		=== Colonialism ===

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2026-08-10T10:43:35Z

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 == History ==
 Eswatini gained independence from the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]] in 1968. It had a multi-party system until 1973, when King [[Sobhuza II]] repealed the constitution and established an absolute monarchy. He formed a standing army to defend the royal family. Sobhuza died in 1982 and his son, Mswati III, has ruled since then.<ref name=":0" />
-=== Democracy Now ===
+==== Democracy Now ====
 In 2019, the Communist Party of Swaziland began the [[Democracy Now!|Democracy Now]] campaign to end the monarchy. Non-communist parties such as the [[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]] and [[People's United Democratic Movement]] are also involved in the struggle against Mswati.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Pius Vilakati|newspaper=[[Red Africa]]|title=Boiling Point: The Struggle against Capitalism and Monarchy in Swaziland|date=2022-06-21|url=https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623075903/https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/|archive-date=2022-06-23|retrieved=2022-07-12}}</ref> Since May 2022, the monarchy's forces have killed over 100 protestors.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Eugene Puryear]]|newspaper=[[BreakThrough News]]|title=Are the Days Numbered for Africa's Last Absolute Monarch|date=2021-10-14|url=https://breakthroughnews.org/are-the-days-numbered-for-africa-s-last-absolute-monarch/|retrieved=2022-12-20}}</ref>

Jaiden: New Prime Minister since nov 2023

2025-09-10T12:07:08Z

New Prime Minister since nov 2023

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 10 September 2025
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	{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of Eswatini\|leader_title1=King\|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]\|leader_name3=[[~~Cleopas~~ Dlamini]]\|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]\|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_title2=Queen\|largest_city=[[Manzini]]\|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini\|image_map=Eswatini map.svg\|map_width=260\|official_languages=English, Siswati\|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png\|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png\|population_estimate_year=2020\|population_estimate=1,160,164\|area_km2=17,364\|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of Eswatini\|leader_title1=King\|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]\|leader_name3=[[Russell Mmiso Dlamini]]\|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]\|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_title2=Queen\|largest_city=[[Manzini]]\|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini\|image_map=Eswatini map.svg\|map_width=260\|official_languages=English, Siswati\|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png\|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png\|population_estimate_year=2020\|population_estimate=1,160,164\|area_km2=17,364\|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}

	'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> Eswatini has a high level of [[poverty]], low life expectancy, and the worst [[HIV/AIDS]] epidemic in the world.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]\|title=Communist Party of Swaziland's 5th National Congress to be held on April 6-9\|date=2023-04-02\|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2023/04/communist-party-of-swazilands-5th-national-congress-to-be-held-on-April-6-9.html\|retrieved=2023-04-02}}</ref>		'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> Eswatini has a high level of [[poverty]], low life expectancy, and the worst [[HIV/AIDS]] epidemic in the world.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]\|title=Communist Party of Swaziland's 5th National Congress to be held on April 6-9\|date=2023-04-02\|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2023/04/communist-party-of-swazilands-5th-national-congress-to-be-held-on-April-6-9.html\|retrieved=2023-04-02}}</ref>

Ledlecreeper27 at 18:57, 2 April 2023

2023-04-02T18:57:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:57, 2 April 2023
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	{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of Eswatini\|leader_title1=King\|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]\|leader_name3=[[Cleopas Dlamini]]\|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]\|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_title2=Queen\|largest_city=[[Manzini]]\|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini\|official_languages=English, Siswati\|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png\|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png\|population_estimate_year=2020\|population_estimate=1,160,164\|area_km2=17,364\|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of Eswatini\|leader_title1=King\|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]\|leader_name3=[[Cleopas Dlamini]]\|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]\|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_title2=Queen\|largest_city=[[Manzini]]\|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini\|image_map=Eswatini map.svg\|map_width=260\|official_languages=English, Siswati\|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png\|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png\|population_estimate_year=2020\|population_estimate=1,160,164\|area_km2=17,364\|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}

	'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref>		'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> Eswatini has a high level of [[poverty]], low life expectancy, and the worst [[HIV/AIDS]] epidemic in the world.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]\|title=Communist Party of Swaziland's 5th National Congress to be held on April 6-9\|date=2023-04-02\|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2023/04/communist-party-of-swazilands-5th-national-congress-to-be-held-on-April-6-9.html\|retrieved=2023-04-02}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
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	=== Democracy Now ===		=== Democracy Now ===
	In 2019, the Communist Party of Swaziland began the [[Democracy Now]] campaign to end the monarchy. Non-communist parties such as the [[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]] and [[People's United Democratic Movement]] are also involved in the struggle against Mswati.<ref name=":0">{{News citation\|author=Pius Vilakati\|newspaper=[[Red Africa]]\|title=Boiling Point: The Struggle against Capitalism and Monarchy in Swaziland\|date=2022-06-21\|url=https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623075903/https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-date=2022-06-23\|retrieved=2022-07-12}}</ref> Since May 2022, the monarchy's forces have killed over 100 protestors.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=[[Eugene Puryear]]\|newspaper=[[BreakThrough News]]\|title=Are the Days Numbered for Africa's Last Absolute Monarch\|date=2021-10-14\|url=https://breakthroughnews.org/are-the-days-numbered-for-africa-s-last-absolute-monarch/\|retrieved=2022-12-20}}</ref>		In 2019, the Communist Party of Swaziland began the [[Democracy Now!\|Democracy Now]] campaign to end the monarchy. Non-communist parties such as the [[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]] and [[People's United Democratic Movement]] are also involved in the struggle against Mswati.<ref name=":0">{{News citation\|author=Pius Vilakati\|newspaper=[[Red Africa]]\|title=Boiling Point: The Struggle against Capitalism and Monarchy in Swaziland\|date=2022-06-21\|url=https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623075903/https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-date=2022-06-23\|retrieved=2022-07-12}}</ref> Since May 2022, the monarchy's forces have killed over 100 protestors.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=[[Eugene Puryear]]\|newspaper=[[BreakThrough News]]\|title=Are the Days Numbered for Africa's Last Absolute Monarch\|date=2021-10-14\|url=https://breakthroughnews.org/are-the-days-numbered-for-africa-s-last-absolute-monarch/\|retrieved=2022-12-20}}</ref>

	== Government ==		== Government ==

Ledlecreeper27 at 00:33, 21 December 2022

2022-12-21T00:33:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:33, 21 December 2022
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	== History ==		== History ==
	Eswatini gained independence from the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|United Kingdom]] in 1968. It had a multi-party system until 1973, when King [[Sobhuza II]] repealed the constitution and established an absolute monarchy. He formed a standing army to defend the royal family. Sobhuza died in 1982 and his son, Mswati III, has ruled since then. In 2019, the Communist Party of Swaziland began the [[Democracy Now]] campaign to end the monarchy. Non-communist parties such as the [[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]] and [[People's United Democratic Movement]] are also involved in the struggle against Mswati.<ref name=":0">{{News citation\|author=Pius Vilakati\|newspaper=[[Red Africa]]\|title=Boiling Point: The Struggle against Capitalism and Monarchy in Swaziland\|date=2022-06-21\|url=https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623075903/https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-date=2022-06-23\|retrieved=2022-07-12}}</ref>		Eswatini gained independence from the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|United Kingdom]] in 1968. It had a multi-party system until 1973, when King [[Sobhuza II]] repealed the constitution and established an absolute monarchy. He formed a standing army to defend the royal family. Sobhuza died in 1982 and his son, Mswati III, has ruled since then.<ref name=":0" />

			=== Democracy Now ===
			In 2019, the Communist Party of Swaziland began the [[Democracy Now]] campaign to end the monarchy. Non-communist parties such as the [[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]] and [[People's United Democratic Movement]] are also involved in the struggle against Mswati.<ref name=":0">{{News citation\|author=Pius Vilakati\|newspaper=[[Red Africa]]\|title=Boiling Point: The Struggle against Capitalism and Monarchy in Swaziland\|date=2022-06-21\|url=https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623075903/https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-date=2022-06-23\|retrieved=2022-07-12}}</ref> Since May 2022, the monarchy's forces have killed over 100 protestors.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=[[Eugene Puryear]]\|newspaper=[[BreakThrough News]]\|title=Are the Days Numbered for Africa's Last Absolute Monarch\|date=2021-10-14\|url=https://breakthroughnews.org/are-the-days-numbered-for-africa-s-last-absolute-monarch/\|retrieved=2022-12-20}}</ref>

	== Government ==		== Government ==

Ledlecreeper27: History and government

2022-07-12T15:19:25Z

History and government

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 12 July 2022
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	'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref>		'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref>

			== History ==
			Eswatini gained independence from the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\|United Kingdom]] in 1968. It had a multi-party system until 1973, when King [[Sobhuza II]] repealed the constitution and established an absolute monarchy. He formed a standing army to defend the royal family. Sobhuza died in 1982 and his son, Mswati III, has ruled since then. In 2019, the Communist Party of Swaziland began the [[Democracy Now]] campaign to end the monarchy. Non-communist parties such as the [[Ngwane National Liberatory Congress]] and [[People's United Democratic Movement]] are also involved in the struggle against Mswati.<ref name=":0">{{News citation\|author=Pius Vilakati\|newspaper=[[Red Africa]]\|title=Boiling Point: The Struggle against Capitalism and Monarchy in Swaziland\|date=2022-06-21\|url=https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623075903/https://redafrica.net/2022/06/21/boiling-point-the-struggle-against-capitalism-and-monarchy-in-swaziland/\|archive-date=2022-06-23\|retrieved=2022-07-12}}</ref>

			== Government ==
			Eswatini holds elections to parliament every five years but political parties are not allowed to participate and the king can dissolve the parliament whenever he wants to.<ref name=":0" />

	== References ==		== References ==
			<references />
			[[Category:Countries]]
			[[Category:African countries]]
			[[Category:Global south]]

Forte: Updated Infobox country template parameter

2022-05-11T04:42:50Z

Updated Infobox country template parameter

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:42, 11 May 2022
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	{{Infobox country\|~~conventional_long_name~~=Kingdom of Eswatini\|leader_title1=King\|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]\|leader_name3=[[Cleopas Dlamini]]\|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]\|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_title2=Queen\|largest_city=[[Manzini]]\|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini\|official_languages=English, Siswati\|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png\|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png\|population_estimate_year=2020\|population_estimate=1,160,164\|area_km2=17,364\|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}		{{Infobox country\|name=Kingdom of Eswatini\|leader_title1=King\|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]\|leader_name3=[[Cleopas Dlamini]]\|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]\|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]\|leader_title3=Prime Minister\|leader_title2=Queen\|largest_city=[[Manzini]]\|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini\|official_languages=English, Siswati\|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png\|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png\|population_estimate_year=2020\|population_estimate=1,160,164\|area_km2=17,364\|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}

	'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref>		'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Moses Tofa\|date=2013-05-16\|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?\|newspaper=Pambazuka News\|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print\|archive-date=2014-10-19\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation\|date=2011-06-24\|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati\|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html\|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF\|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

Ledlecreeper27: Created.

2022-03-25T16:29:33Z

Created.

New page

{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Kingdom of Eswatini|leader_title1=King|government_type=[[Absolute monarchy]]|leader_name3=[[Cleopas Dlamini]]|leader_name2=[[Ntfombi]]|leader_name1=[[Mswati III]]|leader_title3=Prime Minister|leader_title2=Queen|largest_city=[[Manzini]]|native_name=Umbuso weSwatini|official_languages=English, Siswati|image_coat=Eswatini COA.png|image_flag=Eswatini flag.png|population_estimate_year=2020|population_estimate=1,160,164|area_km2=17,364|capital=[[Mbabane]] (executive)<br>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)}}

'''Eswatini''', officially the '''Kingdom of Eswatini''', is a small country in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the only absolute monarchy in [[Africa]]. Until 2018, it was known as '''Swaziland'''.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Moses Tofa|date=2013-05-16|title=Swaziland: Wither absolute monarchism?|newspaper=Pambazuka News|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20141019191941/http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category/features/87402/print|archive-date=2014-10-19|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref> The [[Communist Party of Swaziland]] was banned in 2011 but still operates with its headquarters in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{News citation|date=2011-06-24|title=La lutte révolutionnaire continue au Swaziland : le Parti communiste affirme son soutien aux grèves et manifestations qui ébranlent la monarchie absolue Mswati|url=http://solidarite-internationale-pcf.fr/article-la-lutte-revolutionnaire-continue-au-swaziland-le-parti-communiste-affirme-son-soutien-aux-greves-77720866.html|newspaper=Solidarité Internationale PCF|retrieved=2022-03-25}}</ref>

== References ==