Karl Marx - Revision history

General-KJ: Minor changes

2026-05-05T13:20:10Z

Minor changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 5 May 2026
Line 19:		Line 19:
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	}}		}}
	'''Karl Heinrich Marx''' (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a 19th century [[Germany\|German]] philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary ~~who~~, alongside his friend and long-time collaborator [[Friedrich Engels]], discovered the laws of development of human societies based on the [[Dialectical materialism\|dialectical materialist]] method and in doing so creating [[Marxism]].		'''Karl Heinrich Marx''' (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a 19th century [[Germany\|German]] philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Marx, alongside his friend and long-time collaborator [[Friedrich Engels]], discovered the laws of development of human societies based on the [[Dialectical materialism\|dialectical materialist]] method and in doing so creating [[Marxism]].

	Marx is the most important thinker of the [[Communism\|communist]] movement. He highlighted the [[Contradiction\|contradictions]] and intrinsic [[exploitation]] in [[capitalism]], and helped develop [[Socialism\|socialist]] economic models. His most famous works, the ''[[Library:Manifesto of the Communist Party\|Communist Manifesto]],'' which he co-wrote with Engels in 1848, and ''[[Capital, vol. I (1867)\|Capital]]'', the first volume of which was completed in 1867, have had enormous international influence.		Marx is the most important thinker of the [[Communism\|communist]] movement. He highlighted the [[Contradiction\|contradictions]] and intrinsic [[exploitation]] in [[capitalism]], and helped develop [[Socialism\|socialist]] economic models. His most famous works, the ''[[Library:Manifesto of the Communist Party\|Communist Manifesto]],'' which he co-wrote with Engels in 1848, and ''[[Capital, vol. I (1867)\|Capital]]'', the first volume of which was completed in 1867, have had enormous international influence.
Line 56:		Line 56:
	=== Later years ===		=== Later years ===
	[[File:Marx 1861.png\|thumb\|191x191px\|Marx in 1861]]		[[File:Marx 1861.png\|thumb\|191x191px\|Marx in 1861]]
	~~In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.{{Citation needed}}~~ In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>		In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>

			Marx died in his home on March 14, 1883 and was buried alongside his wife in Highgate Cemetery in London.<ref>{{Citation\|last=Lenin\|first=Vladimir\|year=1914\|title=Karl Marx: a Brief Biographical Sketch With an Exposition of Marxism\|title-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Vladimir_Lenin/Karl_Marx:_a_brief_biographical_sketch_with_an_exposition_of_Marxism#Marx,_Karl,_was_born\|chapter=Marx, Karl, was born...}}</ref>

	== Ideological sources ==		== Ideological sources ==
Line 109:		Line 111:
	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:1818 births]]
			[[Category:1883 deaths]]
	[[Category:Communists]]		[[Category:Communists]]
	[[Category:Economists]]		[[Category:Economists]]

Kulušbədəs: Added Early Journalism years to Marx's biography section

2025-10-31T13:19:43Z

Added Early Journalism years to Marx's biography section

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 31 October 2025
Line 45:		Line 45:
	[[File:Young Marx.png\|thumb\|175x175px\|Marx in 1839]]		[[File:Young Marx.png\|thumb\|175x175px\|Marx in 1839]]
	After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. At the time of Marx's education, female students or professors weren't present in universities as they were purely male institutions, this would be the case until the end of 19th century when Prussia started allowing women to study.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=124\|quote=Marx was a student for six years. There are serious differences between student life then and as it exists today. Perhaps the most noticeable back then was that there were no female students or professors; universities were purely male institutions and would remain so for quite a while. Whereas in Switzerland women could enroll at the University of Zurich beginning in the 1860s, it wasn’t until the end of the nineteenth century that women were admitted as regular students to German universities.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> Marx's father was not satisfied with the level of quality Bonn offered in areas of natural science and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=136\|quote=In a letter to the university dated July 1, 1836, Heinrich Marx wrote that “I not only grant my son Karl Marx permission, but it is my will that he should enter the University of Berlin next term” (MECW 1: 655). This has frequently led to the conclusion that Heinrich Marx wanted to end his son’s wild goings-on in Berlin—detention due to drunkenness, excessive spending, a possible duel—and send him to the more strictly controlled environment of Berlin (see, for example, Cornu 1954: 67; McLellan 1973: 13; Gabriel 2011: 23; or Sperber 2013: 39). If one considers the tone of his letters, then it’s hard to imagine that Heinrich Marx put his foot down and sent his son to Berlin against his will. The assumption of a fatherly command at the end of the summer semester overlooks the fact that the transfer to Bonn had long been planned. In the letter written in February or beginning of March, Heinrich writes that if the natural sciences were so badly taught in Bonn, then “you will indeed do better to attend these courses in Berlin” (MECW 1: 650). If the transfer to Berlin is mentioned so casually, then the decision for Berlin must have already been made before February–		After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. At the time of Marx's education, female students or professors weren't present in universities as they were purely male institutions, this would be the case until the end of 19th century when Prussia started allowing women to study.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=124\|quote=Marx was a student for six years. There are serious differences between student life then and as it exists today. Perhaps the most noticeable back then was that there were no female students or professors; universities were purely male institutions and would remain so for quite a while. Whereas in Switzerland women could enroll at the University of Zurich beginning in the 1860s, it wasn’t until the end of the nineteenth century that women were admitted as regular students to German universities.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> Marx's father was not satisfied with the level of quality Bonn offered in areas of natural science and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=136\|quote=In a letter to the university dated July 1, 1836, Heinrich Marx wrote that “I not only grant my son Karl Marx permission, but it is my will that he should enter the University of Berlin next term” (MECW 1: 655). This has frequently led to the conclusion that Heinrich Marx wanted to end his son’s wild goings-on in Berlin—detention due to drunkenness, excessive spending, a possible duel—and send him to the more strictly controlled environment of Berlin (see, for example, Cornu 1954: 67; McLellan 1973: 13; Gabriel 2011: 23; or Sperber 2013: 39). If one considers the tone of his letters, then it’s hard to imagine that Heinrich Marx put his foot down and sent his son to Berlin against his will. The assumption of a fatherly command at the end of the summer semester overlooks the fact that the transfer to Bonn had long been planned. In the letter written in February or beginning of March, Heinrich writes that if the natural sciences were so badly taught in Bonn, then “you will indeed do better to attend these courses in Berlin” (MECW 1: 650). If the transfer to Berlin is mentioned so casually, then the decision for Berlin must have already been made before February–
	March 1836.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref>[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>		March 1836.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref name=":1">[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>

			=== Early Journalism ===
			After his graduation from Berlin university, Marx was hoping to become a professor at Bonn, which he eventually lost interest in after witnessing how the reactionary Berlin government deprived Bruno Bauer, a friend of Marx, of his position in Bonn university.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation\|author=Heinrich Gemkow\|year=1968\|title=Karl Marx: A Biography\|page=37-38}}</ref> Marx, through seeing the battle and struggle between the growing anti-feudal movement and reactionary Prussian government decided to take part in the most important field of battle between progress and the reactionary forces, that of a political journalist.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Heinrich Gemkow\|year=1968\|title=Karl Marx: A Biography\|page=38}}</ref>

			In 1842, Marx who by this point had expressed criticism towards the Prussian government's censorship several times, alongside Bruno Bauer, was offered to be chief contributor of an opposition newspaper founded in Cologne named ''Rheinische Zeitung,'' which he would become editor-in-chief of in the October of 1842. Under Marx's editorship, the revolutionary-democratic properties of the newspaper were highlighted more and more which at first caused its censorship and later its suppression by the Prussian government in the January of 1843. Even after Marx's attempt to save the paper with his resignation, the pressure from the reactionary Prussian state did not stop and eventually resulted in the newspapers suspension in march of 1843.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation\|author=Heinrich Gemkow\|year=1968\|title=Karl Marx: A Biography\|page=42-50}}</ref>

			Marx and Jenny von Westphalen, a childhood friend of his, after years of separation, economic hardships and social pressure from Jenny's aristocratic relatives got married in 1843.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation\|author=Heinrich Gemkow\|year=1968\|title=Karl Marx: A Biography\|page=52}}</ref> In the same year, due to political censorship by the Prussian government which didn't allow Marx to express his philosophical and political ideas, they accepted exile and moved to Paris.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Heinrich Gemkow\|year=1968\|title=Karl Marx: A Biography\|page=50-57}}</ref>

	=== Later years ===		=== Later years ===

CriticalResist: fixed PDF line break artefacts in new references. Also removed patsoc sources in 'later years', the part could use a bit more info on what kind of personal difficulties he was in exactly too.

2025-10-22T19:57:44Z

fixed PDF line break artefacts in new references. Also removed patsoc sources in 'later years', the part could use a bit more info on what kind of personal difficulties he was in exactly too.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, 22 October 2025
Line 44:		Line 44:
	=== University education ===		=== University education ===
	[[File:Young Marx.png\|thumb\|175x175px\|Marx in 1839]]		[[File:Young Marx.png\|thumb\|175x175px\|Marx in 1839]]
	After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. At the time of Marx's education, female students or professors weren't present in universities as they were purely male institutions, this would be the case until the end of 19th century when Prussia started allowing women to study.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=124\|quote=Marx was a student for six years. There are serious differences between		After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. At the time of Marx's education, female students or professors weren't present in universities as they were purely male institutions, this would be the case until the end of 19th century when Prussia started allowing women to study.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=124\|quote=Marx was a student for six years. There are serious differences between student life then and as it exists today. Perhaps the most noticeable back then was that there were no female students or professors; universities were purely male institutions and would remain so for quite a while. Whereas in Switzerland women could enroll at the University of Zurich beginning in the 1860s, it wasn’t until the end of the nineteenth century that women were admitted as regular students to German universities.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> Marx's father was not satisfied with the level of quality Bonn offered in areas of natural science and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=136\|quote=In a letter to the university dated July 1, 1836, Heinrich Marx wrote that “I not only grant my son Karl Marx permission, but it is my will that he should enter the University of Berlin next term” (MECW 1: 655). This has frequently led to the conclusion that Heinrich Marx wanted to end his son’s wild goings-on in Berlin—detention due to drunkenness, excessive spending, a possible duel—and send him to the more strictly controlled environment of Berlin (see, for example, Cornu 1954: 67; McLellan 1973: 13; Gabriel 2011: 23; or Sperber 2013: 39). If one considers the tone of his letters, then it’s hard to imagine that Heinrich Marx put his foot down and sent his son to Berlin against his will. The assumption of a fatherly command at the end of the summer semester overlooks the fact that the transfer to Bonn had long been planned. In the letter written in February or beginning of March, Heinrich writes that if the natural sciences were so badly taught in Bonn, then “you will indeed do better to attend these courses in Berlin” (MECW 1: 650). If the transfer to Berlin is mentioned so casually, then the decision for Berlin must have already been made before February–
	student life then and as it exists today. Perhaps the most noticeable back then
	was that there were no female students or professors; universities were purely
	male institutions and would remain so for quite a while. Whereas in Switzerland
	women could enroll at the University of Zurich beginning in the 1860s, it wasn’t
	until the end of the nineteenth century that women were admitted as regular
	students to German universities.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> Marx's father was not satisfied with the level of quality Bonn offered in areas of natural science and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university.<ref>{{Citation\|author=Michael Heinrich\|year=2019\|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society\|chapter=1818–1841\|page=136\|quote=In a letter to the university dated July 1, 1836, Heinrich Marx wrote that “I
	not only grant my son Karl Marx permission, but it is my will that he should
	enter the University of Berlin next term” (MECW 1: 655). This has frequently
	led to the conclusion that Heinrich Marx wanted to end his son’s wild goings-on
	in Berlin—detention due to drunkenness, excessive spending, a possible ~~duel—~~
	~~and~~ send him to the more strictly controlled environment of Berlin (see, for
	example, Cornu 1954: 67; McLellan 1973: 13; Gabriel 2011: 23; or Sperber
	2013: 39). If one considers the tone of his letters, then it’s hard to imagine that
	Heinrich Marx put his foot down and sent his son to Berlin against his will. The
	assumption of a fatherly command at the end of the summer semester overlooks
	the fact that the transfer to Bonn had long been planned. In the letter written in
	February or beginning of March, Heinrich writes that if the natural sciences were
	so badly taught in Bonn, then “you will indeed do better to attend these courses
	in Berlin” (MECW 1: 650). If the transfer to Berlin is mentioned so casually,
	then the decision for Berlin must have already been made before February–
	March 1836.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref>[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>		March 1836.\|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3\|volume=1}}</ref> There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref>[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>

	=== Later years ===		=== Later years ===
	[[File:Marx 1861.png\|thumb\|191x191px\|Marx in 1861]]		[[File:Marx 1861.png\|thumb\|191x191px\|Marx in 1861]]
	In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.~~<ref>~~{{~~News citation\|journalist=[[Carlos L. Garrido]]\|title=The Last Years of Karl Marx\|url=https://youtu.be/lIUv-gsBb4o\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]~~}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Carlos L. Garrido\|title=Book Review: The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography. By: Marcello Musto. Reviewed By: Carlos L. Garrido\|url=https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/book-review-the-last-years-of-karl-marx-an-intellectual-biography-by-marcello-musto-reviewed-by-carlos-l-garrido\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref> In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>		In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.{{Citation needed}} In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>

	== Ideological sources ==		== Ideological sources ==

Kulušbədəs: Fixed a misplaced sentence about women not being allowed in universities, fixed a wrong sentence regarding the reason for Marx's transfer to Berlin and added a source for it.

2025-10-22T13:53:01Z

Fixed a misplaced sentence about women not being allowed in universities, fixed a wrong sentence regarding the reason for Marx's transfer to Berlin and added a source for it.

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 Heinrich Schwendler (1792–1847), who taught French to Marx at the Obersekunda and Prima levels, was suspected in 1833 by the Prussian government of being the author of an insurgent leaflet; he was accused of “poor character” and of “familiar relationships to all the fraudulent minds of the local city.” In 1834, a ministerial commission warned of the “pernicious orientation” of Simon and Schwendler, and in 1835, the provincial school council regarded his dismissal as desirable, but could not find a sufficient reason (Monz 1973: 171, 178).
-Johann Gerhard Schneeman (1796–1864) had studied classical philology, history, philosophy, and mathematics; he published numerous contributions on the archaeology of Trier. At the Tertia and Obersekunda levels, he taught Karl Latin and Greek. In 1834, Schneeman also participated in the singing of revolutionary songs at the Casino and was interrogated by the police as a result.|volume=1: 1818–1841}}</ref> At the time, [[liberalism]] was associated with revolutionary ideals and a romantic sentiment towards the [[French Revolution]], both of which was frowned upon by the Prussian government. The Trier Gymnasium only accepted male students at the time<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael Heinrich|year=2019|title=Karl Marx and the birth of modern society: the life of Marx and the development of his work|page=122|isbn=978-1-58367-735-3|city=New York|publisher=Monthly Review Press|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=CE9645B504370175EDDFD48581F413A6|quote=Marx was a student for six years. There are serious differences between student life then and as it exists today. Perhaps the most noticeable back then was that there were no female students or professors; universities were purely male institutions and would remain so for quite a while. Whereas in Switzerland women could enroll at the University of Zurich beginning in the 1860s, it wasn’t until the end of the nineteenth century that women were admitted as regular students to German universities.|volume=1: 1818–1841}}</ref> and there Marx studied the Greek, Latin and French languages.<ref name=":0" />
+Johann Gerhard Schneeman (1796–1864) had studied classical philology, history, philosophy, and mathematics; he published numerous contributions on the archaeology of Trier. At the Tertia and Obersekunda levels, he taught Karl Latin and Greek. In 1834, Schneeman also participated in the singing of revolutionary songs at the Casino and was interrogated by the police as a result.|volume=1: 1818–1841}}</ref> At the time, [[liberalism]] was associated with revolutionary ideals and a romantic sentiment towards the [[French Revolution]], both of which was frowned upon by the Prussian government. At Trier Gymnasium Marx studied the Greek, Latin and French languages.<ref name=":0" />
 === University education ===
 [[File:Young Marx.png|thumb|175x175px|Marx in 1839]]
-After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. Marx's father disapproved of his son's drinking and bohemian lifestyle and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university. There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref>[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>
+After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. At the time of Marx's education, female students or professors weren't present in universities as they were purely male institutions, this would be the case until the end of 19th century when Prussia started allowing women to study.<ref>{{Citation|author=Michael Heinrich|year=2019|title=Karl Marx and the Birth of Modern Society|chapter=1818–1841|page=124|quote=Marx was a student for six years. There are serious differences between
 === Later years ===

CriticalResist at 16:15, 15 September 2024

2024-09-15T16:15:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:15, 15 September 2024
Line 110:		Line 110:
	[[Category:Socialists]]		[[Category:Socialists]]
	[[Category:Young Hegelians]]		[[Category:Young Hegelians]]
			[[Category:Featured page]]

Itsraining: Added bluelink

2024-04-21T15:08:18Z

Added bluelink

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 21 April 2024
Line 13:		Line 13:
	\| birth_name = Karl Heinrich Marx		\| birth_name = Karl Heinrich Marx
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=y\|1818\|05\|05}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=y\|1818\|05\|05}}
	\| birth_place =Trier, Kingdom of Prussia, German Confederation		\| birth_place =Trier, [[Kingdom of Prussia]], German Confederation
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1883\|03\|14\|1818\|05\|05}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1883\|03\|14\|1818\|05\|05}}
	\| death_place = London, [[United Kingdom]]		\| death_place = London, [[United Kingdom]]

General-KJ: Reordered list of library works by date written

2024-03-24T21:23:24Z

Reordered list of library works by date written

@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 # [[Robert Owen]]
-{{Library works}}
+== Library works ==
 ==See Also==

Ledlecreeper27: Images

2023-09-24T12:35:05Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 24 September 2023
Line 43:		Line 43:

	=== University education ===		=== University education ===
			[[File:Young Marx.png\|thumb\|175x175px\|Marx in 1839]]
	After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. Marx's father disapproved of his son's drinking and bohemian lifestyle and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university. There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref>[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>		After graduating with a good school performance on the Trier Gymnasium, Marx entered the university, spending two semesters in the University of Bonn from 1835 to 1836. Marx's father disapproved of his son's drinking and bohemian lifestyle and persuaded him to transfer to the University of Berlin, at the time a well-established and highly respected university. There, he studied Law, majoring in History and Philosophy and concluded his university course in 1841, submitting a doctoral thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus. At the time Marx was a Hegelian idealist in his views and belonged to the circle of “Left Hegelians”, along with [[Bruno Bauer]] and others.<ref>[[Lenin]] (1914). ''Karl Marx: A brief biographical sketch with an exposition of Marxism.'' [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/ marxists.org link]</ref>

	=== Later years ===		=== Later years ===
			[[File:Marx 1861.png\|thumb\|191x191px\|Marx in 1861]]
	In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=[[Carlos L. Garrido]]\|title=The Last Years of Karl Marx\|url=https://youtu.be/lIUv-gsBb4o\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Carlos L. Garrido\|title=Book Review: The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography. By: Marcello Musto. Reviewed By: Carlos L. Garrido\|url=https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/book-review-the-last-years-of-karl-marx-an-intellectual-biography-by-marcello-musto-reviewed-by-carlos-l-garrido\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref> In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>		In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=[[Carlos L. Garrido]]\|title=The Last Years of Karl Marx\|url=https://youtu.be/lIUv-gsBb4o\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Carlos L. Garrido\|title=Book Review: The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography. By: Marcello Musto. Reviewed By: Carlos L. Garrido\|url=https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/book-review-the-last-years-of-karl-marx-an-intellectual-biography-by-marcello-musto-reviewed-by-carlos-l-garrido\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref> In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>

Ledlecreeper27 at 16:18, 20 July 2023

2023-07-20T16:18:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 20 July 2023
Line 21:		Line 21:
	'''Karl Heinrich Marx''' (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a 19th century [[Germany\|German]] philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary who, alongside his friend and long-time collaborator [[Friedrich Engels]], discovered the laws of development of human societies based on the [[Dialectical materialism\|dialectical materialist]] method and in doing so creating [[Marxism]].		'''Karl Heinrich Marx''' (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a 19th century [[Germany\|German]] philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary who, alongside his friend and long-time collaborator [[Friedrich Engels]], discovered the laws of development of human societies based on the [[Dialectical materialism\|dialectical materialist]] method and in doing so creating [[Marxism]].

	Marx is the most important thinker of the [[Communism\|communist]] movement. He highlighted the [[Contradiction\|contradictions]] and intrinsic [[exploitation]] in [[capitalism]], and helped develop [[Socialism\|socialist]] economic models. His most famous works, the ''[[Communist Manifesto]],'' which he co-wrote with Engels in 1848, and ''[[Capital, vol. I (1867)\|Capital]]'', the first volume of which was completed in 1867, have had enormous international influence.		Marx is the most important thinker of the [[Communism\|communist]] movement. He highlighted the [[Contradiction\|contradictions]] and intrinsic [[exploitation]] in [[capitalism]], and helped develop [[Socialism\|socialist]] economic models. His most famous works, the ''[[Library:Manifesto of the Communist Party\|Communist Manifesto]],'' which he co-wrote with Engels in 1848, and ''[[Capital, vol. I (1867)\|Capital]]'', the first volume of which was completed in 1867, have had enormous international influence.

	== Life ==		== Life ==

Ledlecreeper27: Visit to Algeria

2023-06-17T21:13:23Z

Visit to Algeria

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 17 June 2023
Line 46:		Line 46:

	=== Later years ===		=== Later years ===
	In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=[[Carlos L. Garrido]]\|title=The Last Years of Karl Marx\|url=https://youtu.be/lIUv-gsBb4o\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Carlos L. Garrido\|title=Book Review: The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography. By: Marcello Musto. Reviewed By: Carlos L. Garrido\|url=https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/book-review-the-last-years-of-karl-marx-an-intellectual-biography-by-marcello-musto-reviewed-by-carlos-l-garrido\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref>		In Marx's later years, he produced anthropological studies, despite difficulties in his personal life which prevented him from finishing much of his work.<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=[[Carlos L. Garrido]]\|title=The Last Years of Karl Marx\|url=https://youtu.be/lIUv-gsBb4o\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref><ref>{{News citation\|journalist=Carlos L. Garrido\|title=Book Review: The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography. By: Marcello Musto. Reviewed By: Carlos L. Garrido\|url=https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/book-review-the-last-years-of-karl-marx-an-intellectual-biography-by-marcello-musto-reviewed-by-carlos-l-garrido\|newspaper=[[Midwestern Marx]]}}</ref> In 1882, Marx traveled to [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria\|Algeria]] and wrote that inequality and subordination are abominations to all true [[Islam\|Muslims]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation\|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]\|year=2017\|title=Red Star over the Third World\|chapter=Eastern Marxism\|page=83\|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf\|city=New Delhi\|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>

	== Ideological ~~Sources~~ ==		== Ideological sources ==
	The intellectual traditions that Marx drew on most were German philosophy, English political economy and French socialism.<ref>Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1913-03) [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism]</ref>		The intellectual traditions that Marx drew on most were German philosophy, English political economy and French socialism.<ref>Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1913-03) [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htm The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism]</ref>