Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Revision history

General-KJ: Clarified caption

2026-08-09T20:43:06Z

Clarified caption

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:43, 9 August 2026
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	\|capital=Caracas\|largest_city=Caracas\|mode_of_production=Capitalism\|government_type=Federal presidential republic\|leader_title1=President\|leader_name1=[[Nicolás Maduro]] <i>(de jure, kidnapped by the US)</i><br>[[Delcy Rodríguez]] <i>(de facto)</i>\|leader_title2=Vice President\|leader_name2=Delcy Rodríguez\| image_map = Venezuela Map.svg		\|capital=Caracas\|largest_city=Caracas\|mode_of_production=Capitalism\|government_type=Federal presidential republic\|leader_title1=President\|leader_name1=[[Nicolás Maduro]] <i>(de jure, kidnapped by the US)</i><br>[[Delcy Rodríguez]] <i>(de facto)</i>\|leader_title2=Vice President\|leader_name2=Delcy Rodríguez\| image_map = Venezuela Map.svg
	\| image_map_size = 260px		\| image_map_size = 260px
	\|map_caption=Map of Venezuela according to the 2023 referendum. Light green territories are not ~~recognized by the UN~~.\| official_languages = Spanish		\|map_caption=Map of Venezuela according to the 2023 referendum. Light green territories are claimed but not controlled.\| official_languages = Spanish
	\| recognized_national_languages = 26 indigenous languages		\| recognized_national_languages = 26 indigenous languages
	\| area_km2 = 916,445		\| area_km2 = 916,445

Verda.Majo: added information about recent earthquakes

2026-07-13T21:05:30Z

added information about recent earthquakes

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 13 July 2026
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	In August 2025, the US began deploying a naval force in the waters near Venezuela. On September 2, the US began a series of deadly bombings on small boats, claiming to target so-called "narcoterrorists". Deadly strikes continued throughout the following months, with the death toll reaching at least 123 as of January 2026.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">{{Web citation\|author=Nick Turse\|newspaper=The Intercept\|title=After Undercounting Boat Strike Killings, U.S. Military Updates Death Toll\|date=2026-01-08\|url=https://theintercept.com/2026/01/08/us-military-boat-strike-deaths-undercount/}}</ref> In December, the US began seizing oil tankers it deemed to be associated with Venezuela, initially seizing two in December 2025.<ref name=":18">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Trump Claims Impending Seizure of 50 Million Barrels of Venezuela’s Oil Amid Continued Maritime Piracy (+Greenland)\|date=2026-01-08\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/trump-claims-impending-seizure-of-50-million-barrels-of-venezuelas-oil-amid-continued-maritime-piracy-greenland/}}</ref> Throughout this time, Venezuela began conducting military exercises and civil militia training,<ref name=":19" /> while volunteers increasingly began signing up for Venezuela's civil defense militia.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":5" />		In August 2025, the US began deploying a naval force in the waters near Venezuela. On September 2, the US began a series of deadly bombings on small boats, claiming to target so-called "narcoterrorists". Deadly strikes continued throughout the following months, with the death toll reaching at least 123 as of January 2026.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">{{Web citation\|author=Nick Turse\|newspaper=The Intercept\|title=After Undercounting Boat Strike Killings, U.S. Military Updates Death Toll\|date=2026-01-08\|url=https://theintercept.com/2026/01/08/us-military-boat-strike-deaths-undercount/}}</ref> In December, the US began seizing oil tankers it deemed to be associated with Venezuela, initially seizing two in December 2025.<ref name=":18">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Trump Claims Impending Seizure of 50 Million Barrels of Venezuela’s Oil Amid Continued Maritime Piracy (+Greenland)\|date=2026-01-08\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/trump-claims-impending-seizure-of-50-million-barrels-of-venezuelas-oil-amid-continued-maritime-piracy-greenland/}}</ref> Throughout this time, Venezuela began conducting military exercises and civil militia training,<ref name=":19" /> while volunteers increasingly began signing up for Venezuela's civil defense militia.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":5" />

			=== January 3, 2026 US military strikes and aftermath ===
	In the early morning of January 3, 2026, the US launched military strikes on Venezuela, targeting both military and civilian infrastructure, and kidnapping president Maduro and his wife [[Cilia Flores]] and taking them to the US. The attacks resulted in a death toll of at least 100<ref name=":21">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela’s Interior Minister Cabello Updates Death Toll of US Military Attacks; President Maduro Liberation Committee Created\|date=2026-01-09\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuelas-interior-minister-cabello-updates-death-toll-of-us-military-attacks-president-maduro-liberation-committee-created/}}</ref> and the destruction of five scientific research centers<ref name=":22" /> and a warehouse of dialysis supplies affecting 16,000 patients.<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" /> In president Maduro's absence, vice president [[Delcy Rodríguez\|Delcy Rodriguez]] assumed the role of acting president.<ref name=":12" />		In the early morning of January 3, 2026, the US launched military strikes on Venezuela, targeting both military and civilian infrastructure, and kidnapping president Maduro and his wife [[Cilia Flores]] and taking them to the US. The attacks resulted in a death toll of at least 100<ref name=":21">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela’s Interior Minister Cabello Updates Death Toll of US Military Attacks; President Maduro Liberation Committee Created\|date=2026-01-09\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuelas-interior-minister-cabello-updates-death-toll-of-us-military-attacks-president-maduro-liberation-committee-created/}}</ref> and the destruction of five scientific research centers<ref name=":22" /> and a warehouse of dialysis supplies affecting 16,000 patients.<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" /> In president Maduro's absence, vice president [[Delcy Rodríguez\|Delcy Rodriguez]] assumed the role of acting president.<ref name=":12" />

	Following the January 3 attacks, the US seized two more oil tankers on January 7, 2026, one in the Caribbean and one between Iceland and Scotland.<ref name=":18" /> Throughout the time following the attacks US officials made several comments suggesting that they were prepared to strike Venezuela again if they supposedly "need" to,<ref name=":25" /> as well as making comments suggesting they might attack or otherwise target other countries as well, including comments about Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Iran, and [[Greenland]].<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Democracy Now!\|title=Trump amenaza a Colombia, Cuba, Groenlandia, Irán y México tras el ataque estadounidense contra Venezuela\|date=2026-01-05\|url=https://www.democracynow.org/es/2026/1/5/titulares/trump_threatens_colombia_cuba_greenland_iran_and_mexico_after_attack_on_venezuela}}</ref> By January 20, the US had seized seven ships.<ref name=":29">{{Web citation\|author=Brett Wilkins\|newspaper=Common Dreams\|title=Trump ‘Piracy’ Continues as US Hijacks 7th Venezuela-Linked Oil Tanker\|date=2026-01-20\|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/7th-tanker-seized}}</ref>		Following the January 3 attacks, the US seized two more oil tankers on January 7, 2026, one in the Caribbean and one between Iceland and Scotland.<ref name=":18" /> Throughout the time following the attacks US officials made several comments suggesting that they were prepared to strike Venezuela again if they supposedly "need" to,<ref name=":25" /> as well as making comments suggesting they might attack or otherwise target other countries as well, including comments about Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Iran, and [[Greenland]].<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Democracy Now!\|title=Trump amenaza a Colombia, Cuba, Groenlandia, Irán y México tras el ataque estadounidense contra Venezuela\|date=2026-01-05\|url=https://www.democracynow.org/es/2026/1/5/titulares/trump_threatens_colombia_cuba_greenland_iran_and_mexico_after_attack_on_venezuela}}</ref> By January 20, the US had seized seven ships.<ref name=":29">{{Web citation\|author=Brett Wilkins\|newspaper=Common Dreams\|title=Trump ‘Piracy’ Continues as US Hijacks 7th Venezuela-Linked Oil Tanker\|date=2026-01-20\|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/7th-tanker-seized}}</ref>

			=== June 2026 earthquakes ===
			On June 24, 2026, Venezuela was struck by two earthquakes, respectively measuring 7.2 and 7.5 on the Richter scale, with 39 seconds between them and which overlapped and thus amplified each other's waves, causing an unprecedented level of destruction in the country and resulting in over a thousand aftershocks.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Guillermo R Barreto\|newspaper=Breakthrough News\|title=Earthquake in Venezuela: the struggle to survive\|date=2026-07-02\|url=https://breakthroughnews.org/2026/07/02/earthquake-in-venezuela-the-struggle-to-survive/}}</ref><ref name=":30">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela Reports 4,490 Fatalities and Over 120,000 Families Assisted Following Earthquakes\|date=2026-07-13\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuela-reports-4490-fatalities-and-over-120000-families-assisted-following-earthquakes/}}</ref> As of July 13 reporting, the official death toll stood at 4,490, with the number of reported injuries at 16,740. Meanwhile, urban search and rescue operations brought a total of 6,462 survivors to safety. Severe damage to buildings has left 17,907 citizens temporarily homeless. A network of 108 temporary camps to provide shelter and resources to 19,583 people has been established.<ref name=":30" />

	== Imperialist aggression ==		== Imperialist aggression ==

79.131.33.131: Dominant mode of production was missing for some reason

2026-05-08T15:03:27Z

Dominant mode of production was missing for some reason

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	\| image_flag = Flag_of_Venezuela.svg		\| image_flag = Flag_of_Venezuela.svg
	\| image_coat = Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg		\| image_coat = Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg
	\|capital=Caracas\|largest_city=Caracas\|government_type=Federal presidential republic\|leader_title1=President\|leader_name1=[[Nicolás Maduro]] <i>(de jure, kidnapped by the US)</i><br>[[Delcy Rodríguez]] <i>(de facto)</i>\|leader_title2=Vice President\|leader_name2=Delcy Rodríguez\| image_map = Venezuela Map.svg		\|capital=Caracas\|largest_city=Caracas\|mode_of_production=Capitalism\|government_type=Federal presidential republic\|leader_title1=President\|leader_name1=[[Nicolás Maduro]] <i>(de jure, kidnapped by the US)</i><br>[[Delcy Rodríguez]] <i>(de facto)</i>\|leader_title2=Vice President\|leader_name2=Delcy Rodríguez\| image_map = Venezuela Map.svg
	\| image_map_size = 260px		\| image_map_size = 260px
	\|map_caption=Map of Venezuela according to the 2023 referendum. Light green territories are not recognized by the UN.\| official_languages = Spanish		\|map_caption=Map of Venezuela according to the 2023 referendum. Light green territories are not recognized by the UN.\| official_languages = Spanish

Verda.Majo: added further reading section and link to library works about Venezuela

2026-02-07T13:37:44Z

added further reading section and link to library works about Venezuela

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:37, 7 February 2026
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	In a press conference on January 3, US President Donald Trump remarked that "the oil business in Venezuela has been a bust, a total bust for a long period of time" and spoke on his intention to have "our very large United States oil companies" go in to Venezuela and added, "we are ready to stage a second and much larger attack if we need to do so."<ref name=":25">The White House (2026-01-03). [https://www.youtube.com/live/SsdkClL2_bg "President Trump Holds a Press Conference, Jan. 3, 2026"]. YouTube. Quote @ 53:50: "As everyone knows, the oil business in Venezuela has been a bust, a total bust for a long period of time. They were pumping almost nothing by comparison to what they could have been pumping and what could have taken place. We're going to have our very large United States oil companies, the biggest anywhere in the world, go in, spend billions of dollars, fix the badly broken infrastructure, the oil infrastructure, and start making money for the country. And we are ready to stage a second and much larger attack if we need to do so."</ref>		In a press conference on January 3, US President Donald Trump remarked that "the oil business in Venezuela has been a bust, a total bust for a long period of time" and spoke on his intention to have "our very large United States oil companies" go in to Venezuela and added, "we are ready to stage a second and much larger attack if we need to do so."<ref name=":25">The White House (2026-01-03). [https://www.youtube.com/live/SsdkClL2_bg "President Trump Holds a Press Conference, Jan. 3, 2026"]. YouTube. Quote @ 53:50: "As everyone knows, the oil business in Venezuela has been a bust, a total bust for a long period of time. They were pumping almost nothing by comparison to what they could have been pumping and what could have taken place. We're going to have our very large United States oil companies, the biggest anywhere in the world, go in, spend billions of dollars, fix the badly broken infrastructure, the oil infrastructure, and start making money for the country. And we are ready to stage a second and much larger attack if we need to do so."</ref>

			== Further reading ==

			* [[:Category:Library works about Venezuela\|ProleWiki library works about Venezuela]]

	== External links ==		== External links ==

Verda.Majo: updated info on oil tanker seizures, mentioned apartment building affected by the US bombing

2026-01-22T11:01:25Z

updated info on oil tanker seizures, mentioned apartment building affected by the US bombing

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 22 January 2026
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	In the early morning of January 3, 2026, the US launched military strikes on Venezuela, targeting both military and civilian infrastructure, and kidnapping president Maduro and his wife [[Cilia Flores]] and taking them to the US. The attacks resulted in a death toll of at least 100<ref name=":21">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela’s Interior Minister Cabello Updates Death Toll of US Military Attacks; President Maduro Liberation Committee Created\|date=2026-01-09\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuelas-interior-minister-cabello-updates-death-toll-of-us-military-attacks-president-maduro-liberation-committee-created/}}</ref> and the destruction of five scientific research centers<ref name=":22" /> and a warehouse of dialysis supplies affecting 16,000 patients.<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" /> In president Maduro's absence, vice president [[Delcy Rodríguez\|Delcy Rodriguez]] assumed the role of acting president.<ref name=":12" />		In the early morning of January 3, 2026, the US launched military strikes on Venezuela, targeting both military and civilian infrastructure, and kidnapping president Maduro and his wife [[Cilia Flores]] and taking them to the US. The attacks resulted in a death toll of at least 100<ref name=":21">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela’s Interior Minister Cabello Updates Death Toll of US Military Attacks; President Maduro Liberation Committee Created\|date=2026-01-09\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuelas-interior-minister-cabello-updates-death-toll-of-us-military-attacks-president-maduro-liberation-committee-created/}}</ref> and the destruction of five scientific research centers<ref name=":22" /> and a warehouse of dialysis supplies affecting 16,000 patients.<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":24" /> In president Maduro's absence, vice president [[Delcy Rodríguez\|Delcy Rodriguez]] assumed the role of acting president.<ref name=":12" />

	Following the January 3 attacks, the US seized two more oil tankers on January 7, 2026, one in the Caribbean and one between Iceland and Scotland.<ref name=":18" /> Throughout the time following the attacks US officials made several comments suggesting that they were prepared to strike Venezuela again if they supposedly "need" to,<ref name=":25" /> as well as making comments suggesting they might attack or otherwise target other countries as well, including comments about Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Iran, and [[Greenland]].<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Democracy Now!\|title=Trump amenaza a Colombia, Cuba, Groenlandia, Irán y México tras el ataque estadounidense contra Venezuela\|date=2026-01-05\|url=https://www.democracynow.org/es/2026/1/5/titulares/trump_threatens_colombia_cuba_greenland_iran_and_mexico_after_attack_on_venezuela}}</ref>		Following the January 3 attacks, the US seized two more oil tankers on January 7, 2026, one in the Caribbean and one between Iceland and Scotland.<ref name=":18" /> Throughout the time following the attacks US officials made several comments suggesting that they were prepared to strike Venezuela again if they supposedly "need" to,<ref name=":25" /> as well as making comments suggesting they might attack or otherwise target other countries as well, including comments about Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Iran, and [[Greenland]].<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Democracy Now!\|title=Trump amenaza a Colombia, Cuba, Groenlandia, Irán y México tras el ataque estadounidense contra Venezuela\|date=2026-01-05\|url=https://www.democracynow.org/es/2026/1/5/titulares/trump_threatens_colombia_cuba_greenland_iran_and_mexico_after_attack_on_venezuela}}</ref> By January 20, the US had seized seven ships.<ref name=":29">{{Web citation\|author=Brett Wilkins\|newspaper=Common Dreams\|title=Trump ‘Piracy’ Continues as US Hijacks 7th Venezuela-Linked Oil Tanker\|date=2026-01-20\|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/7th-tanker-seized}}</ref>
	== Imperialist aggression ==		== Imperialist aggression ==

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	=== Oil tanker seizures ===		=== Oil tanker seizures ===
	On December 10, 2025, the US seized an oil tanker called ''Skipper'' off the Venezuelan coast.<ref name=":6">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela: UN Report Demonstrates Illegality of US Blockade\|date=2025-12-27\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuela-un-report-demonstrates-illegality-of-us-blockade/}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" /> A second, called ''Centuries'', was seized on December 20.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" /> Following the US bombing of Venezuela on January 3, 2026, the US continued seizing ships, including the ''Marinera'' (formerly called ''Bella 1'') and the ''M/T Sophia'', both seized on January 7. ''Marinera'' was seized between Iceland and Scotland after a weeks-long pursuit, while ''M/T Sophia'' was seized in the Caribbean.<ref name=":18" />		On December 10, 2025, the US seized an oil tanker called ''Skipper'' off the Venezuelan coast.<ref name=":6">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Venezuela: UN Report Demonstrates Illegality of US Blockade\|date=2025-12-27\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuela-un-report-demonstrates-illegality-of-us-blockade/}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" /> A second, called ''Centuries'', was seized on December 20.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":18" /> Following the US bombing of Venezuela on January 3, 2026, the US continued seizing ships, including the ''Marinera'' (formerly called ''Bella 1'') and the ''M/T Sophia'', both seized on January 7. ''Marinera'' was seized between Iceland and Scotland after a weeks-long pursuit, while ''M/T Sophia'' was seized in the Caribbean.<ref name=":18" /> The US then seized the ''Olina''.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Idrees Ali & Phil Stewart\|newspaper=The Independent\|title=US seizes fifth tanker as military stalks the ocean for Venezuelan oil\|date=2026-01-09\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/oil-tanker-seized-venezuela-russia-sanctioned-ships-b2897571.html}}</ref> On January 15, [[USSOUTHCOM]] announced the seizure the ''Veronica''.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Orinoco Tribune\|title=Southern Command Seizes Oil Tanker in New Act of Piracy\|date=2026-01-16\|url=https://orinocotribune.com/southern-command-seizes-oil-tanker-in-new-act-of-piracy/}}</ref> By January 20, USSOUTHCOM announced the seizure of the ''Sagitta'', at this point reaching a total of seven ships seized.<ref name=":29" />

	=== Military strikes on Venezuela ===		=== Military strikes on Venezuela ===
	On January 3, 2026, the US launched military strikes on Venezuela in the early morning, targeting both military sites and civilian infrastructure. Caracas, the capital city, as well as the states of Miranda, Aragua and La-Guaira, were bombed, causing temporary electricity disruptions.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Sputnik\|title=US Strikes On Venezuela: What's Known So Far\|date=2026-01-03\|url=https://sputnikglobe.com/20260103/us-strikes-on-venezuela-whats-known-so-far-1123406106.html}}</ref> During the attack, roughly 150 aircraft were circulating, including [[AH-64 Apache]] and [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopters and [[EA-18 Growler\|EA-18 Growlers]] equipped with electronic warfare systems such as Next-Gen Jammers.<ref name=":12">{{Web citation\|author=Vijay Prashad and Carlos Ron\|newspaper=Peoples Dispatch\|title=The current situation in Venezuela: a government in charge, a people resilient\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2026/01/07/the-current-situation-in-venezuela-a-government-in-charge-a-people-resilient/}}</ref> As of January 4, the death toll of the attacks was reported as 80, though a Venezuelan official noted it may be higher.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Middle East Eye\|title=US attack on Venezuela: Death toll rises to 80 civilians and military personnel\|date=2026-01-04\|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-attack-venezuela-death-toll-rises-80-civilians-and-military-personnel-1}}</ref> As of January 7, Venezuelan Interior Minister [[Diosdado Cabello]] reported that the death toll of the attack had risen to 100.<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=AlbaCiudad\|title=Cien personas asesinadas dejó ataque de Estados Unidos, informó Diosdado Cabello\|date=2026-01-08\|url=https://albaciudad.org/2026/01/cien-personas-asesinadas-dejo-ataque-de-estados-unidos-informo-diosdado-cabello/}}</ref> Western media outlets have reported seven US soldiers injured.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Victor Loh\|newspaper=CNBC\|title=Seven U.S. troops injured in Venezuela raid that captured Maduro, Pentagon says\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/07/us-venezuela-military-operation-maduro-injuries-casualties.html}}</ref>		On January 3, 2026, the US launched military strikes on Venezuela in the early morning, targeting both military sites and civilian infrastructure. Caracas, the capital city, as well as the states of Miranda, Aragua and La-Guaira, were bombed, causing temporary electricity disruptions.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Sputnik\|title=US Strikes On Venezuela: What's Known So Far\|date=2026-01-03\|url=https://sputnikglobe.com/20260103/us-strikes-on-venezuela-whats-known-so-far-1123406106.html}}</ref> During the attack, roughly 150 aircraft were circulating, including [[AH-64 Apache]] and [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopters and [[EA-18 Growler\|EA-18 Growlers]] equipped with electronic warfare systems such as Next-Gen Jammers.<ref name=":12">{{Web citation\|author=Vijay Prashad and Carlos Ron\|newspaper=Peoples Dispatch\|title=The current situation in Venezuela: a government in charge, a people resilient\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2026/01/07/the-current-situation-in-venezuela-a-government-in-charge-a-people-resilient/}}</ref> As of January 4, the death toll of the attacks was reported as 80, though a Venezuelan official noted it may be higher.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Middle East Eye\|title=US attack on Venezuela: Death toll rises to 80 civilians and military personnel\|date=2026-01-04\|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-attack-venezuela-death-toll-rises-80-civilians-and-military-personnel-1}}</ref> As of January 7, Venezuelan Interior Minister [[Diosdado Cabello]] reported that the death toll of the attack had risen to 100.<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=AlbaCiudad\|title=Cien personas asesinadas dejó ataque de Estados Unidos, informó Diosdado Cabello\|date=2026-01-08\|url=https://albaciudad.org/2026/01/cien-personas-asesinadas-dejo-ataque-de-estados-unidos-informo-diosdado-cabello/}}</ref> Western media outlets have reported seven US soldiers injured.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Victor Loh\|newspaper=CNBC\|title=Seven U.S. troops injured in Venezuela raid that captured Maduro, Pentagon says\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/07/us-venezuela-military-operation-maduro-injuries-casualties.html}}</ref>

	The attacks destroyed five research centers of the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), including the Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Ecology and the Nuclear Technology Units. Venezuela's Minister of Science and Technology, Gabriela Jiménez Ramírez, noted that these facilities were necessary for training professionals "who sustain our health, engineering and oil sovereignty."<ref name=":22">{{Web citation\|newspaper=El Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ciencia y Tecnología\|title=Ataque criminal de EE.UU. destruyó instalaciones del IVIC\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://mincyt.gob.ve/ataque-criminal-de-ee-uu-destruyo-instalaciones-del-ivic/}}</ref> The attacks also targeted medical supply warehouses in La Guaira, affecting 16,000 kidney patients who receive dialysis and nephrology supplies through the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security (IVSS).<ref name=":23">{{Web citation\|author=Yusleny Morales\|newspaper=Últimas Noticias\|title=US attack on Venezuela affects 16.000 kidney patients\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://en.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/life/US-attack-on-Venezuela-affects-16-000-kidney-patients/}}</ref> It was reported that three months' worth of medicines for the renal patients had been lost due to the attacks.<ref name=":24">{{Web citation\|author=Ricardo Vaz\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Venezuela: Brazil to Send Medical Aid Following US Bombings\|date=2026-01-06\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/venezuela-brazil-to-send-medical-aid-following-us-bombings/}}</ref>		The attacks destroyed five research centers of the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), including the Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Ecology and the Nuclear Technology Units. Venezuela's Minister of Science and Technology, Gabriela Jiménez Ramírez, noted that these facilities were necessary for training professionals "who sustain our health, engineering and oil sovereignty."<ref name=":22">{{Web citation\|newspaper=El Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ciencia y Tecnología\|title=Ataque criminal de EE.UU. destruyó instalaciones del IVIC\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://mincyt.gob.ve/ataque-criminal-de-ee-uu-destruyo-instalaciones-del-ivic/}}</ref> The attacks also targeted medical supply warehouses in La Guaira, affecting 16,000 kidney patients who receive dialysis and nephrology supplies through the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security (IVSS).<ref name=":23">{{Web citation\|author=Yusleny Morales\|newspaper=Últimas Noticias\|title=US attack on Venezuela affects 16.000 kidney patients\|date=2026-01-07\|url=https://en.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/life/US-attack-on-Venezuela-affects-16-000-kidney-patients/}}</ref> It was reported that three months' worth of medicines for the renal patients had been lost due to the attacks.<ref name=":24">{{Web citation\|author=Ricardo Vaz\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Venezuela: Brazil to Send Medical Aid Following US Bombings\|date=2026-01-06\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/venezuela-brazil-to-send-medical-aid-following-us-bombings/}}</ref> An apartment building in Catia La Mar, La Guaira was also affected by the bombing.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Yuleidys Hernández Toledo\|newspaper=Alba Ciudad\|title=Así atacó Estados Unidos al pueblo venezolano (+Fotos y videos)\|date=2026-01-04\|url=https://albaciudad.org/2026/01/asi-ataco-estados-unidos-al-pueblo-venezolano-fotos-y-videos/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105123709/https://albaciudad.org/2026/01/asi-ataco-estados-unidos-al-pueblo-venezolano-fotos-y-videos/\|archive-date=2026-01-05}}</ref><ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/DTDvhCmjktW/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading&img_index=1 "Destrozos provocados por el bombardeo asesino del gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América a edificaciones multifamiliares en el sector “La Soublette”, pquia Catia la Mar, estado La Guaira. Este es el resultado de la prédica anti nacional de la derecha fascista y de la política de cambio de régimen del imperialismo que quiere adueñarse de nuestros recursos naturales y esclavizar a nuestro pueblo. No han podido ni podrán, nosotros venceremos."] @eduardopsuv, Instagram, 2026-01-04.</ref>

	The location of Nicolás Maduro, the current president, was initially unknown for a time after the attacks began, while U.S. president [[Donald Trump]] claimed taking him and his wife, [[Cilia Flores]], hostage.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=@SputnikInt\|newspaper=Twitter/X\|title=🚨🇺🇸🇻🇪 Donald Trump confirms the US carried out strikes on Venezuela, claims Maduro and his wife were captured\|date=2026-01-03\|url=https://t.co/mj629taqRj}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Reuters\|title=Trump Says Venezuela's Maduro Captured After Strikes\|date=2026-01-03\|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/loud-noises-heard-venezuela-capital-southern-area-without-electricity-2026-01-03/}}</ref> It was later reported that Maduro and Flores were taken to the [[USS Iwo Jima]] and then flown to the US to be put on trial in [[State of New York\|New York]].<ref name=":12" /> According to reports of the kidnapping, the US's Delta Force troops descended from helicopters targeting president Maduro and Cilia Flores' location, facing resistance from soldiers on the ground, but overwhelming them with firepower from the air resulting in the death of 24 Venezuelans and 32 Cubans.<ref name=":12" />		The location of Nicolás Maduro, the current president, was initially unknown for a time after the attacks began, while U.S. president [[Donald Trump]] claimed taking him and his wife, [[Cilia Flores]], hostage.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=@SputnikInt\|newspaper=Twitter/X\|title=🚨🇺🇸🇻🇪 Donald Trump confirms the US carried out strikes on Venezuela, claims Maduro and his wife were captured\|date=2026-01-03\|url=https://t.co/mj629taqRj}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Reuters\|title=Trump Says Venezuela's Maduro Captured After Strikes\|date=2026-01-03\|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/loud-noises-heard-venezuela-capital-southern-area-without-electricity-2026-01-03/}}</ref> It was later reported that Maduro and Flores were taken to the [[USS Iwo Jima]] and then flown to the US to be put on trial in [[State of New York\|New York]].<ref name=":12" /> According to reports of the kidnapping, the US's Delta Force troops descended from helicopters targeting president Maduro and Cilia Flores' location, facing resistance from soldiers on the ground, but overwhelming them with firepower from the air resulting in the death of 24 Venezuelans and 32 Cubans.<ref name=":12" />

Verda.Majo: /* Maduro presidency */ added more sources and details about the opposition in 2014

2026-01-20T15:48:39Z

Maduro presidency: added more sources and details about the opposition in 2014

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 20 January 2026
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	==== Maduro presidency ====		==== Maduro presidency ====
	Starting in February 2014, opposition protests known as the ''guarimbas'' took place. On [[social media]], images of police brutality from various different countries and time periods were circulated as though they were currently happening in Venezuela, providing so-called evidence of the supposed brutality of the Maduro administration. As author George Ciccariello-Maher points out in ''Building the Commune'',<ref name=":27" /> the Venezuelan right wing "had patiently studied the tools, imagery, and social media techniques more often associated with [[Progressivism\|progressive]] or leftist causes" and used Twitter hashtags such as #SOSVenezuela and #PrayForVenezuela. As Ciccariello-Maher analyzes, despite their progressive veneer, these right-wing protests had "more to do with returning to a neoliberal past" than with "charting a revolutionary future" and involved global networks of foundations and [[Non-governmental organization\|NGOs]] that have "co-opted the tools of the left":<blockquote>The 2014 protests—known among Chavistas as the ''guarimbas'' for the treacherous barricades they erected—had far more to do with returning to a neoliberal past than with charting a revolutionary future. The hashtag that represented the aims of these middle-class Twitter warriors most honestly was the original one—#LaSalida, “the exit”—pointing toward the goal of regime change at all costs. The way that the protesters appropriated the symbols of the left was no accident, moreover, but instead involved global networks of foundations and NGOs that have gradually co-opted the tools of the left—[[strategic nonviolence]], street protest, and social media—fusing these instead with a young, new Latin American right wing.<ref name=":27" /></blockquote>Political opposition figures associated with these and previous protests include [[Leopoldo Lopez]] and [[Maria Corina Machado]].<ref name=":27" /><ref name=":28">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Center for Economic and Policy Research\|title=Violent Protests in Venezuela Fit a Pattern\|date=2014-02-19\|url=https://cepr.net/publications/violent-protests-in-venezuela-fit-a-pattern/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427222532/https://cepr.net/publications/violent-protests-in-venezuela-fit-a-pattern/\|archive-date=2025-04-27\|quote=While some in Washington foreign policy circles may attempt to portray the leaders of this new wave of protests as persecuted pro-democracy heroes, they in fact have histories of supporting anti-democratic and unconstitutional efforts to oust the government. Both Leopoldo López and Maria Corina Machado supported the 2002 coup; in López’s case he participated in it by supervising the arrest of then-Minister of Justice and the Interior Ramón Rodríguez Chacín, when López was mayor of Chacao. Police dragged Rodríguez Chacín out of the building where he had sought refuge into an angry mob, who physically attacked him. Corina Machado notably was present when the coup government of Pedro Carmona was sworn in, and signed the infamous “Carmona decree” dissolving the congress, the constitution and the Supreme Court. [...] Venezuela’s opposition receives funding from U.S. “democracy promotion” groups including the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and core grantees such as the International Republican Institute (IRI) and the National Democratic Institute (NDI). The NED, which the Washington Post noted was set up to conduct activities “much of” which “[t]he CIA used to fund covertly” has made a number of grants directed at empowering youth and students in Venezuela in recent years, and USAID has also given money to IRI, NDI and other groups for Venezuela programs.}}</ref> The [[Central Intelligence Agency\|CIA]]-adjacent [[National Endowment for Democracy]] (NED) is among the organizations that have provided funding to Venezuela's opposition groups.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=National Endowment for Democracy\|title=Venezuela\|date=2013-11-01\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101215923/http://ned.org/where-we-work/latin-america-and-caribbean/venezuela\|archive-url=https://archive.is/QMyu4\|archive-date=2026-01-20}}</ref><ref name=":28" /><ref name=":26" />		Starting in February 2014, opposition protests known as the ''guarimbas'' took place. On [[social media]], images of police brutality from various different countries and time periods were circulated as though they were currently happening in Venezuela, providing so-called evidence of the supposed brutality of the Maduro administration. As author George Ciccariello-Maher points out in ''Building the Commune'',<ref name=":27" /> the Venezuelan right wing "had patiently studied the tools, imagery, and social media techniques more often associated with [[Progressivism\|progressive]] or leftist causes" and used Twitter hashtags such as #SOSVenezuela and #PrayForVenezuela. As Ciccariello-Maher analyzes, despite their progressive veneer, these right-wing protests had "more to do with returning to a neoliberal past" than with "charting a revolutionary future" and involved global networks of foundations and [[Non-governmental organization\|NGOs]] that have "co-opted the tools of the left":<blockquote>The 2014 protests—known among Chavistas as the ''guarimbas'' for the treacherous barricades they erected—had far more to do with returning to a neoliberal past than with charting a revolutionary future. The hashtag that represented the aims of these middle-class Twitter warriors most honestly was the original one—#LaSalida, “the exit”—pointing toward the goal of regime change at all costs. The way that the protesters appropriated the symbols of the left was no accident, moreover, but instead involved global networks of foundations and NGOs that have gradually co-opted the tools of the left—[[strategic nonviolence]], street protest, and social media—fusing these instead with a young, new Latin American right wing.<ref name=":27" /></blockquote>Political opposition figures associated with these and previous protests include [[Leopoldo Lopez]] and [[Maria Corina Machado]].<ref name=":27" /><ref name=":28">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Center for Economic and Policy Research\|title=Violent Protests in Venezuela Fit a Pattern\|date=2014-02-19\|url=https://cepr.net/publications/violent-protests-in-venezuela-fit-a-pattern/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427222532/https://cepr.net/publications/violent-protests-in-venezuela-fit-a-pattern/\|archive-date=2025-04-27\|quote=While some in Washington foreign policy circles may attempt to portray the leaders of this new wave of protests as persecuted pro-democracy heroes, they in fact have histories of supporting anti-democratic and unconstitutional efforts to oust the government. Both Leopoldo López and Maria Corina Machado supported the 2002 coup; in López’s case he participated in it by supervising the arrest of then-Minister of Justice and the Interior Ramón Rodríguez Chacín, when López was mayor of Chacao. Police dragged Rodríguez Chacín out of the building where he had sought refuge into an angry mob, who physically attacked him. Corina Machado notably was present when the coup government of Pedro Carmona was sworn in, and signed the infamous “Carmona decree” dissolving the congress, the constitution and the Supreme Court. [...] Venezuela’s opposition receives funding from U.S. “democracy promotion” groups including the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and core grantees such as the International Republican Institute (IRI) and the National Democratic Institute (NDI). The NED, which the Washington Post noted was set up to conduct activities “much of” which “[t]he CIA used to fund covertly” has made a number of grants directed at empowering youth and students in Venezuela in recent years, and USAID has also given money to IRI, NDI and other groups for Venezuela programs.}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Patricia CLAREMBAUX\|newspaper=AFP/Yahoo! News\|title=Leopoldo Lopez: Venezuela blueblood, ardent Maduro foe\|date=2014-02-18\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014214437/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/leopoldo-lopez-venezuela-blueblood-ardent-maduro-foe-192813430.html#7sNyHN4)\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014214437/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/leopoldo-lopez-venezuela-blueblood-ardent-maduro-foe-192813430.html#7sNyHN4)\|archive-date=2014-10-14\|quote=Leopoldo Lopez Mendoza, a Harvard-trained politician and ardent opponent of Venezuela's socialist government, is seen by enemies and supporters alike as the face of recent street protests against the regime. [...] A child of privilege, Lopez was schooled largely in the United States, first at the elite Kenyon College in Ohio, before getting a master's degree at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. [...] Maduro has accused "right wing fascists" -- of whom he considers Lopez the ringleader -- for the recent unrest. Lopez and two other opposition leaders -- deputy Maria Corina Machado and the mayor of metropolitan Caracas, Antonio Ledezma -- advocate using street protests to force Maduro from office.}}</ref> The [[Central Intelligence Agency\|CIA]]-adjacent [[National Endowment for Democracy]] (NED) is among the organizations that have provided funding to Venezuela's opposition groups.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=National Endowment for Democracy\|title=Venezuela\|date=2013-11-01\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101215923/http://ned.org/where-we-work/latin-america-and-caribbean/venezuela\|archive-url=https://archive.is/QMyu4\|archive-date=2026-01-20}}</ref><ref name=":28" /><ref name=":26" /> Journalist [[Roberto Lovato]] reported in 2014 that he had interviewed opposition youth, writing that "almost all" of the youth he interviewed "were middle- to upper-class university students living in middle-class to ultra-elite neighborhoods of Caracas" and that, when asked, they uniformly rejected any identification with [[anarchism]] or [[Marxism]], rather identifying with figures such as dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez and opposition leaders Henrique Capriles, María Corina Machado, and Leopoldo Lopez.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Roberto Lovato\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Fauxccupy: The Selling and Buying of the Venezuelan Opposition\|date=2014-03-14\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/10484/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624164947/https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/10484/\|archive-date=2025-06-24}}</ref>

	In 2015, the [[Barack Obama\|Obama]] administration of the US declared "the situation in Venezuela" to be an "unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States" and placed [[Economic sanctions\|sanctions]] on Venezuela.<ref name=":13">{{Web citation\|newspaper=The White House\|title=FACT SHEET: Venezuela Executive Order\|date=2015-03-09\|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201155355/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-date=2025-12-01}}</ref> The sanctions then escalated under the Trump administration in 2017, followed by an economic embargo placed on Venezuela in 2019.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ben Norton\|newspaper=Geopolitical Economy Report\|title=What is really happening in Venezuela? US attacks and economic situation explained\|date=2025-11-15\|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125160947/https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-date=2025-11-25}}</ref>		In 2015, the [[Barack Obama\|Obama]] administration of the US declared "the situation in Venezuela" to be an "unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States" and placed [[Economic sanctions\|sanctions]] on Venezuela.<ref name=":13">{{Web citation\|newspaper=The White House\|title=FACT SHEET: Venezuela Executive Order\|date=2015-03-09\|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201155355/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-date=2025-12-01}}</ref> The sanctions then escalated under the Trump administration in 2017, followed by an economic embargo placed on Venezuela in 2019.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ben Norton\|newspaper=Geopolitical Economy Report\|title=What is really happening in Venezuela? US attacks and economic situation explained\|date=2025-11-15\|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125160947/https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-date=2025-11-25}}</ref>

Verda.Majo: /* Maduro presidency */ added info about the 2013-2014 period and the opposition protests

2026-01-20T08:36:13Z

Maduro presidency: added info about the 2013-2014 period and the opposition protests

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:36, 20 January 2026
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	Venezuela fully nationalized its oil industry in 2007. At the time, as reported in The Guardian, "amid jubilant scenes, oil workers wearing red T-shirts emblazoned with 'yes to nationalisation' moved into the giant Orinoco basin shortly after midnight after Caracas insisted six of the world's biggest oil companies cede operational control."<ref name=":7">{{Web citation\|author=Larry Elliott\|newspaper=The Guardian\|title=Venezuela seizes foreign oil fields\|date=2007-05-02\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/may/02/oilandpetrol.venezuela\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103230608/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/may/02/oilandpetrol.venezuela\|archive-date=2026-01-03}}</ref> The Venezuelan government adopted a policy in which the state oil company, [[Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.\|PDVSA]], must have majority ownership of all projects. Meanwhile, foreign companies would only be allowed to have a minority stake in joint ventures. US corporations such as [[ConocoPhillips]], [[Chevron]], and [[ExxonMobil Corporation\|ExxonMobil]], as well as Britain's [[BP p.l.c.\|BP]], Norway's [[Statoil]], and France's [[TotalEnergies SE\|Total]], refused to accept these terms and left the country, agreeing to transfer operational control to state-owned PDVSA.<ref name=":8">{{Web citation\|author=Ben Norton\|newspaper=Geopolitical Economy Report\|title=Trump admits he wants to take Venezuela’s oil – and give it to US corporations\|date=2025-12-19\|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/12/19/trump-take-venezuela-oil-us-corporations/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223144224/https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/12/19/trump-take-venezuela-oil-us-corporations/\|archive-date=2025-12-23}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> ExxonMobil would go on to sue the Venezuelan government. Exxon Mobil's CEO at the time, [[Rex Tillerson]], later became Donald Trump's first secretary of state.<ref name=":8" />		Venezuela fully nationalized its oil industry in 2007. At the time, as reported in The Guardian, "amid jubilant scenes, oil workers wearing red T-shirts emblazoned with 'yes to nationalisation' moved into the giant Orinoco basin shortly after midnight after Caracas insisted six of the world's biggest oil companies cede operational control."<ref name=":7">{{Web citation\|author=Larry Elliott\|newspaper=The Guardian\|title=Venezuela seizes foreign oil fields\|date=2007-05-02\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/may/02/oilandpetrol.venezuela\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103230608/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/may/02/oilandpetrol.venezuela\|archive-date=2026-01-03}}</ref> The Venezuelan government adopted a policy in which the state oil company, [[Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.\|PDVSA]], must have majority ownership of all projects. Meanwhile, foreign companies would only be allowed to have a minority stake in joint ventures. US corporations such as [[ConocoPhillips]], [[Chevron]], and [[ExxonMobil Corporation\|ExxonMobil]], as well as Britain's [[BP p.l.c.\|BP]], Norway's [[Statoil]], and France's [[TotalEnergies SE\|Total]], refused to accept these terms and left the country, agreeing to transfer operational control to state-owned PDVSA.<ref name=":8">{{Web citation\|author=Ben Norton\|newspaper=Geopolitical Economy Report\|title=Trump admits he wants to take Venezuela’s oil – and give it to US corporations\|date=2025-12-19\|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/12/19/trump-take-venezuela-oil-us-corporations/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223144224/https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/12/19/trump-take-venezuela-oil-us-corporations/\|archive-date=2025-12-23}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> ExxonMobil would go on to sue the Venezuelan government. Exxon Mobil's CEO at the time, [[Rex Tillerson]], later became Donald Trump's first secretary of state.<ref name=":8" />

	On March 5, 2013, Chávez died after 14 years in office. His vice president [[Nicolás Maduro]] took over the office of the presidency.		On March 5, 2013, Chávez died after 14 years in office. His vice president [[Nicolás Maduro]] took over the office of the presidency. On April 14 an election was held with Maduro being elected president. Opposition candidate [[Henrique Capriles]] contested the results and demanded a recount.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ewan Robertson\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Maduro Proclaimed Venezuelan President Elect Amid Opposition Claims of “Illegitimacy”\|date=2013-04-16\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/8640/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120072810/https://venezuelanalysis.com/news/8640/\|archive-date=2026-01-20}}</ref> Arson attacks were carried out on PSUV headquarters, on the home of the electoral council president, and on various social service providers, including against Cuban-staffed health clinics for the poor, thirty-five of which were attacked after opposition journalist [[Nelson Bocaranda]] made a tweet to his over one million followers claiming that they were hiding ballot boxes. The attacks of this time resulted in eleven deaths.<ref name=":27">{{Citation\|author=George Ciccariello-Maher\|year=2016\|title=Building The Commune: Radical Democracy In Venezuela\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BuildingTheCommune/\|chapter=Chapter 3: Counterrevolution\|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/BuildingTheCommune/page/n24/mode/1up}}</ref>

	==== Maduro presidency ====		==== Maduro presidency ====
			Starting in February 2014, opposition protests known as the ''guarimbas'' took place. On [[social media]], images of police brutality from various different countries and time periods were circulated as though they were currently happening in Venezuela, providing so-called evidence of the supposed brutality of the Maduro administration. As author George Ciccariello-Maher points out in ''Building the Commune'',<ref name=":27" /> the Venezuelan right wing "had patiently studied the tools, imagery, and social media techniques more often associated with [[Progressivism\|progressive]] or leftist causes" and used Twitter hashtags such as #SOSVenezuela and #PrayForVenezuela. As Ciccariello-Maher analyzes, despite their progressive veneer, these right-wing protests had "more to do with returning to a neoliberal past" than with "charting a revolutionary future" and involved global networks of foundations and [[Non-governmental organization\|NGOs]] that have "co-opted the tools of the left":<blockquote>The 2014 protests—known among Chavistas as the ''guarimbas'' for the treacherous barricades they erected—had far more to do with returning to a neoliberal past than with charting a revolutionary future. The hashtag that represented the aims of these middle-class Twitter warriors most honestly was the original one—#LaSalida, “the exit”—pointing toward the goal of regime change at all costs. The way that the protesters appropriated the symbols of the left was no accident, moreover, but instead involved global networks of foundations and NGOs that have gradually co-opted the tools of the left—[[strategic nonviolence]], street protest, and social media—fusing these instead with a young, new Latin American right wing.<ref name=":27" /></blockquote>Political opposition figures associated with these and previous protests include [[Leopoldo Lopez]] and [[Maria Corina Machado]].<ref name=":27" /><ref name=":28">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Center for Economic and Policy Research\|title=Violent Protests in Venezuela Fit a Pattern\|date=2014-02-19\|url=https://cepr.net/publications/violent-protests-in-venezuela-fit-a-pattern/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427222532/https://cepr.net/publications/violent-protests-in-venezuela-fit-a-pattern/\|archive-date=2025-04-27\|quote=While some in Washington foreign policy circles may attempt to portray the leaders of this new wave of protests as persecuted pro-democracy heroes, they in fact have histories of supporting anti-democratic and unconstitutional efforts to oust the government. Both Leopoldo López and Maria Corina Machado supported the 2002 coup; in López’s case he participated in it by supervising the arrest of then-Minister of Justice and the Interior Ramón Rodríguez Chacín, when López was mayor of Chacao. Police dragged Rodríguez Chacín out of the building where he had sought refuge into an angry mob, who physically attacked him. Corina Machado notably was present when the coup government of Pedro Carmona was sworn in, and signed the infamous “Carmona decree” dissolving the congress, the constitution and the Supreme Court. [...] Venezuela’s opposition receives funding from U.S. “democracy promotion” groups including the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and core grantees such as the International Republican Institute (IRI) and the National Democratic Institute (NDI). The NED, which the Washington Post noted was set up to conduct activities “much of” which “[t]he CIA used to fund covertly” has made a number of grants directed at empowering youth and students in Venezuela in recent years, and USAID has also given money to IRI, NDI and other groups for Venezuela programs.}}</ref> The [[Central Intelligence Agency\|CIA]]-adjacent [[National Endowment for Democracy]] (NED) is among the organizations that have provided funding to Venezuela's opposition groups.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=National Endowment for Democracy\|title=Venezuela\|date=2013-11-01\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101215923/http://ned.org/where-we-work/latin-america-and-caribbean/venezuela\|archive-url=https://archive.is/QMyu4\|archive-date=2026-01-20}}</ref><ref name=":28" /><ref name=":26" />

	In 2015, the [[Barack Obama\|Obama]] administration of the US declared "the situation in Venezuela" to be an "unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States" and placed [[Economic sanctions\|sanctions]] on Venezuela.<ref name=":13">{{Web citation\|newspaper=The White House\|title=FACT SHEET: Venezuela Executive Order\|date=2015-03-09\|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201155355/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-date=2025-12-01}}</ref> The sanctions then escalated under the Trump administration in 2017, followed by an economic embargo placed on Venezuela in 2019.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ben Norton\|newspaper=Geopolitical Economy Report\|title=What is really happening in Venezuela? US attacks and economic situation explained\|date=2025-11-15\|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125160947/https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-date=2025-11-25}}</ref>		In 2015, the [[Barack Obama\|Obama]] administration of the US declared "the situation in Venezuela" to be an "unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States" and placed [[Economic sanctions\|sanctions]] on Venezuela.<ref name=":13">{{Web citation\|newspaper=The White House\|title=FACT SHEET: Venezuela Executive Order\|date=2015-03-09\|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201155355/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/03/09/fact-sheet-venezuela-executive-order\|archive-date=2025-12-01}}</ref> The sanctions then escalated under the Trump administration in 2017, followed by an economic embargo placed on Venezuela in 2019.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Ben Norton\|newspaper=Geopolitical Economy Report\|title=What is really happening in Venezuela? US attacks and economic situation explained\|date=2025-11-15\|url=https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125160947/https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2025/11/15/analysis-venezuela-us-attacks-economy-sanctions/\|archive-date=2025-11-25}}</ref>

ComradeSyntrofos: changed the president so that it reflects the situation rn

2026-01-10T17:43:29Z

changed the president so that it reflects the situation rn

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:43, 10 January 2026
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	\| image_flag = Flag_of_Venezuela.svg		\| image_flag = Flag_of_Venezuela.svg
	\| image_coat = Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg		\| image_coat = Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg
	\|capital=Caracas\|largest_city=Caracas\|government_type=Federal presidential republic\|leader_title1=President\|leader_name1=[[Nicolás Maduro]]\|leader_title2=Vice President\|leader_name2=[[Delcy Rodríguez]]\| image_map = Venezuela Map.svg		\|capital=Caracas\|largest_city=Caracas\|government_type=Federal presidential republic\|leader_title1=President\|leader_name1=[[Nicolás Maduro]] <i>(de jure, kidnapped by the US)</i><br>[[Delcy Rodríguez]] <i>(de facto)</i>\|leader_title2=Vice President\|leader_name2=Delcy Rodríguez\| image_map = Venezuela Map.svg
	\| image_map_size = 260px		\| image_map_size = 260px
	\|map_caption=Map of Venezuela according to the 2023 referendum. Light green territories are not recognized by the UN.\| official_languages = Spanish		\|map_caption=Map of Venezuela according to the 2023 referendum. Light green territories are not recognized by the UN.\| official_languages = Spanish

Verda.Majo: /* US coup attempts */ added some info on the 2002 coup attempt

2026-01-10T04:30:57Z

US coup attempts: added some info on the 2002 coup attempt

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:30, 10 January 2026
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	When Guyana became independent from the British in 1966, Venezuela agreed to temporarily leave the Esequibo region under Guyana's control until they could reach a permanent solution. However, Venezuela did not recognize Guyananese authority over the disputed region. In 1970, with the Port of Spain Protocol, Prime Minister [[Eric Williams]] of Trinidad and Tobago made an agreement that Guyana and Venezuela would maintain bilateral ties and that Venezuela would not claim the Esequibo until 1982.<ref name=":3" />		When Guyana became independent from the British in 1966, Venezuela agreed to temporarily leave the Esequibo region under Guyana's control until they could reach a permanent solution. However, Venezuela did not recognize Guyananese authority over the disputed region. In 1970, with the Port of Spain Protocol, Prime Minister [[Eric Williams]] of Trinidad and Tobago made an agreement that Guyana and Venezuela would maintain bilateral ties and that Venezuela would not claim the Esequibo until 1982.<ref name=":3" />

	[[Carlos Andrés Pérez]] ruled Venezuela from 1974 to 1979.<ref name=":1" /> Starting in 1977, Venezuelans' incomes began to continually fall over a 25-year period, while oil prices began to decline in the early 1980s.<ref name=":9">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Venezuela’s Caracazo: State Repression and Neoliberal Misrule\|date=2016-03-01\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11868/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210161015/https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11868/\|archive-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> [[Luis Herrera Campins]] of the Christian Democratic Party ([[COPEI]]) was president from 1979 to 1984.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Los Angeles Times\|title=Luis Herrera Campins, 82; former lawmaker, president of Venezuela\|date=2007-11-10\|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-nov-10-me-passings10-story.html}}</ref>		[[Carlos Andrés Pérez]] ruled Venezuela from 1974 to 1979.<ref name=":1" /> Starting in 1977, Venezuelans' incomes began to continually fall over a 25-year period, while oil prices began to decline in the early 1980s.<ref name=":9">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=Venezuela’s Caracazo: State Repression and Neoliberal Misrule\|date=2016-03-01\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11868/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210161015/https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11868/\|archive-date=2025-12-10}}</ref> [[Luis Herrera Campins]] of the Christian Democratic Party ([[COPEI]]) was president from 1979 to 1984.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Los Angeles Times\|title=Luis Herrera Campins, 82; former lawmaker, president of Venezuela\|date=2007-11-10\|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-nov-10-me-passings10-story.html}}</ref>

	[[Hugo Chávez\|Hugo Chavez]], a soldier in the national army, along with others, formed the Bolivarian Revolutionary Army 2000 in 1982, and in 1983 re-named it to [[Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200]], or MBR-200. The number 200 referred to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Simón Bolívar.<ref name=":1" />		[[Hugo Chávez\|Hugo Chavez]], a soldier in the national army, along with others, formed the Bolivarian Revolutionary Army 2000 in 1982, and in 1983 re-named it to [[Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200]], or MBR-200. The number 200 referred to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Simón Bolívar.<ref name=":1" />
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	=== US coup attempts ===		=== US coup attempts ===
	Chavismo has attracted repeated attacks from the US imperialists to the north, including coup attempts in 2002, [[2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt\|2019]], and [[Operation Gideon\|2020]],<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=[[Benjamin Norton]]\|date=2022-02-06\|title=CIA backed failed 2020 invasion of Venezuela, top coup-plotter says\|url=https://youtu.be/v5K4ktRw0Ps\|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]}}</ref> among others.<ref>https://elpais.com/diario/2002/04/17/internacional/1018994403_850215.html</ref><ref>https://www.rt.com/usa/497111-trump-ruined-venezuela-coup/</ref>		Chavismo has attracted repeated attacks from the US imperialists to the north, including coup attempts in 2002, [[2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt\|2019]], and [[Operation Gideon\|2020]],<ref>{{News citation\|journalist=[[Benjamin Norton]]\|date=2022-02-06\|title=CIA backed failed 2020 invasion of Venezuela, top coup-plotter says\|url=https://youtu.be/v5K4ktRw0Ps\|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]}}</ref> among others.<ref>https://elpais.com/diario/2002/04/17/internacional/1018994403_850215.html</ref><ref>https://www.rt.com/usa/497111-trump-ruined-venezuela-coup/</ref>

			In 2002, from April 11 to 13, US-backed<ref name=":26">{{Web citation\|author=Christopher Marquis\|newspaper=The New York Times\|title=U.S. Bankrolling Is Under Scrutiny for Ties to Chávez Ouster\|date=2002-04-25\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/25/international/americas/us-bankrolling-is-under-scrutiny-for-ties-to-chvez.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208141901/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/25/international/americas/us-bankrolling-is-under-scrutiny-for-ties-to-chvez.html\|archive-date=2025-12-08\|quote=In the past year, the United States channeled hundreds of thousands of dollars in grants to American and Venezuelan groups opposed to President Hugo Chávez, including the labor group whose protests led to the Venezuelan president's brief ouster this month. The funds were provided by the National Endowment for Democracy, a nonprofit agency created and financed by Congress. As conditions deteriorated in Venezuela and Mr. Chávez clashed with various business, labor and media groups, the endowment stepped up its assistance, quadrupling its budget for Venezuela to more than $877,000.}}</ref> [[reactionary]] opposition forces and [[Bourgeoisie\|business leaders]] in Venezuela, who had received [[National Endowment for Democracy\|NED]] funding<ref name=":26" /> among other forms of support from imperialist forces, briefly kidnapped president Hugo Chavez and purported to abolish the constitution and establish [[Pedro Carmona]], the president of the [[Fedecámaras\|Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce]] (Fedecámaras) as the leader of Venezuela, before the short-lived coup regime was forced out of power by mass mobilizations demanding the return of Chavez, surrounding the presidential palace and refusing to leave until Chavez was returned. On April 13, the presidential guard expelled Carmona from the presidential palace and Chavez was returned to power.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Dan Beeton\|newspaper=Venezuelanalysis\|title=The Venezuela Coup, 20 Years Later\|date=2022-04-20\|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/15510/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation\|author=Michael Fox\|newspaper=The Real News Network\|title=Venezuela, 2002: When the people overturned a coup\|date=2025-04-11\|url=https://therealnews.com/venezuela-2002-when-the-people-overturned-a-coup\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503174915/https://therealnews.com/venezuela-2002-when-the-people-overturned-a-coup\|archive-date=2025-05-03}}</ref> Opposition forces later attempted to shut down the Venezuelan oil industry in late 2002, lasting for two months until oil workers seized the installations.<ref>{{Citation\|author=George Ciccariello-Maher\|year=2016\|title=Building The Commune: Radical Democracy In Venezuela\|title-url=https://archive.org/details/BuildingTheCommune/\|publisher=Verso Books}}</ref>

	In his 2020 memoir ''The Room Where It Happened'', [[John Bolton]], former National Security Advisor under U.S. President [[Donald Trump]], wrote regarding Venezuela:<blockquote>Shortly after the drone attack [on Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro on August 4, 2018]<ref>{{News citation\|author=Joe Parkin Daniels\|newspaper=The Guardian\|title=Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt\|date=2018-08-05\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715064109/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter\|archive-date=2022-07-15\|retrieved=2022-07-15}}</ref>, during an unrelated meeting on August 15, Venezuela came up, and Trump said to me emphatically, “Get it done," meaning get rid of the Maduro regime. “This is the fifth time I've asked for it,” he continued. [...] Trump insisted he wanted military options for Venezuela and then keep it because “it's really part of the United States.”<ref>{{Citation\|author=John Bolton\|year=2020\|title=The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir\|title-url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=QjTMDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=ko&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false\|chapter=Chapter 9: Venezuela Libre\|quote=Shortly after the drone attack, during an unrelated meeting on August 15, Venezuela came up, and Trump said to me emphatically, “Get it done," meaning get rid of the Maduro regime. “This is the fifth time I've asked for it,” he continued. I described the thinking we were doing, in a meeting now slimmed down to just Kelly and me, but Trump insisted he wanted military options for Venezuela and then keep it because “it's really part of the United States.”\|publisher=Simon and Schuster}}</ref></blockquote>		In his 2020 memoir ''The Room Where It Happened'', [[John Bolton]], former National Security Advisor under U.S. President [[Donald Trump]], wrote regarding Venezuela:<blockquote>Shortly after the drone attack [on Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro on August 4, 2018]<ref>{{News citation\|author=Joe Parkin Daniels\|newspaper=The Guardian\|title=Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt\|date=2018-08-05\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715064109/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter\|archive-date=2022-07-15\|retrieved=2022-07-15}}</ref>, during an unrelated meeting on August 15, Venezuela came up, and Trump said to me emphatically, “Get it done," meaning get rid of the Maduro regime. “This is the fifth time I've asked for it,” he continued. [...] Trump insisted he wanted military options for Venezuela and then keep it because “it's really part of the United States.”<ref>{{Citation\|author=John Bolton\|year=2020\|title=The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir\|title-url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=QjTMDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=ko&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false\|chapter=Chapter 9: Venezuela Libre\|quote=Shortly after the drone attack, during an unrelated meeting on August 15, Venezuela came up, and Trump said to me emphatically, “Get it done," meaning get rid of the Maduro regime. “This is the fifth time I've asked for it,” he continued. I described the thinking we were doing, in a meeting now slimmed down to just Kelly and me, but Trump insisted he wanted military options for Venezuela and then keep it because “it's really part of the United States.”\|publisher=Simon and Schuster}}</ref></blockquote>

Verda.Majo: added external links section with some government websites and media, updated death toll of boat bombings and of jan 3 attacks, mentioned 2 more oil tanker seizures, expanded "Maduro presidency" section to summarize recent events

2026-01-10T02:43:45Z

added external links section with some government websites and media, updated death toll of boat bombings and of jan 3 attacks, mentioned 2 more oil tanker seizures, expanded "Maduro presidency" section to summarize recent events

Show changes