Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army - Revision history

Connolly1916: added ideology section

2024-06-02T20:18:02Z

added ideology section

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 2 June 2024
Line 40:		Line 40:
	== Ideology ==		== Ideology ==
	The Anti-Treaty IRA was a broad organization throughout its history, encompassing most Anti-Treaty and Abstentionist Republicans committed to the armed struggle. However, most radical left and otherwise progressive elements such as the fledgling [[Communist Party of Ireland]] within the broader Republican movement aligned with the Anti-Treaty forces rather than the Free State, which was supported by, among others, Fascists like [[Eoin O'Duffy]] and the most reactionary elements within the [[Catholic Church]] and the bourgeoise in general.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Patrick Long\|newspaper=Dictionary of Irish Biography\|title=O'Duffy, Eoin\|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/oduffy-eoin-a6728}}</ref>		The Anti-Treaty IRA was a broad organization throughout its history, encompassing most Anti-Treaty and Abstentionist Republicans committed to the armed struggle. However, most radical left and otherwise progressive elements such as the fledgling [[Communist Party of Ireland]] within the broader Republican movement aligned with the Anti-Treaty forces rather than the Free State, which was supported by, among others, Fascists like [[Eoin O'Duffy]] and the most reactionary elements within the [[Catholic Church]] and the bourgeoise in general.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=Patrick Long\|newspaper=Dictionary of Irish Biography\|title=O'Duffy, Eoin\|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/oduffy-eoin-a6728}}</ref>

			Despite this, for a time during the 1940s, as Britain was fighting against [[Nazi Germany]], some within the Irish Republican movement believed that the IRA should seek to collaborate with the Nazis against Britain. This mirrored IRA collaboration with the [[German Empire (1871–1918)\|German Empire]] during the [[First World War]], and was not done out of ideological similarity or sympathy, but rather out of the old Republican idea that "England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity".<ref name=":3">{{Web citation\|newspaper=Socialist Republican Media\|title=Reclaiming Volunteer Sean Russell\|date=2019-08-14\|url=https://socialistrepublicanmedia.home.blog/2019/08/14/reclaiming-volunteer-sean-russell/}}</ref> The Anti-Treaty IRA Chief of Staff who led many of these collaboration efforts, [[Seán Russell]], even said:<blockquote>"I am not a Nazi. I am not even pro-German. I am an Irishman fighting for the independence of Ireland. The British have been our enemies for hundreds of years. They are the enemy of Germany today. If it suits Germany to give us help to achieve independence, I am willing to accept it, but no more, and there must be no strings attached"<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Despite this, today these ties are used by Anti-Republican and collaborationist figures to discredit the IRA as a form of [[Pinkwashing]].<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Broadsheet\|title=Hands Off Seán\|date=2020-06-11\|url=https://www.broadsheet.ie/2020/06/11/hands-off-sean/}}</ref> In reality, those with actual Nazi sympathies included [[Éamon de Valera]], the Prime Minister of the collaborator regime ruling Ireland at the time, [[Douglas Hyde]], President of the same government, who both sent condolences to Nazi officials after [[Adolf Hitler\|Adolf Hitler's]] death,<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Independent\|title=condolences on Hitler's death\|date=2005-12-30\|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/hyde-and-de-valera-offered-condolences-on-hitlers-death/25954338.html}}</ref> and [[Winston Churchill]], who expressed similar [[Antisemitism\|Antisemitic]] beliefs to the Nazis and expressed admiration for their government.

	== References ==		== References ==

Connolly1916: added Anti-Treaty sf

2024-05-26T21:13:56Z

added Anti-Treaty sf

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 26 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox guerilla organization\|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army\|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]\|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]\|dates=March 1922-December 1969\|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann\|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]\|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]\|position=Big tent\|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]\|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]\|leader1_title=Chief of Staff\|leader2_title=Quartermaster General\|image=Irish_flag.png.png\|misc=\|module=}}		{{Infobox guerilla organization\|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army\|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]\|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]\|dates=March 1922-December 1969\|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann\|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]\|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]\|position=Big tent\|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]\|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]\|leader1_title=Chief of Staff\|leader2_title=Quartermaster General\|image=Irish_flag.png.png\|misc=\|module=\|organizations=[[Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin]] (political wing, sometimes)}}

	The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922\|date=2022-03-25\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref>		The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922\|date=2022-03-25\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref>

Connolly1916: expanded

2024-05-24T23:54:15Z

expanded

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:54, 24 May 2024
Line 21:		Line 21:
	In 1936, with Eamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the IRA was banned, causing further decline in the organization.<ref name=":1" />		In 1936, with Eamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the IRA was banned, causing further decline in the organization.<ref name=":1" />

	In 1939 the Anti-Treaty IRA [[S-Plan]] began. It was a bombing campaign within Great Britain, targeting a variety of military and government buildings. This campaign was controversial within the IRA, with many prominent Republicans including [[Tom Barry]] resigning due to it. As part of this campaign the IRA raided the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin. This campaign led to the creation of the [[Offences Against the State Act]] and the [[Emergency Powers Act]] in the ~~Republic of Ireland~~, creating courts to prosecute IRA members and allowing the internment and execution of them. The British government also increased its repression of IRA volunteers in the North.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Irish Statute Book\|title=Emergency Powers Act, 1939\|url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1939/act/28/enacted/en/print.html#:~:text=%E2%80%94(1)%20The%20Government%20may,of%20public%20order%2C%20or%20for}}</ref> Many Republicans were interned during this period and nine were executed in the ~~Republic of Ireland~~ and Northern Ireland. These nine in order of the date they were executed were:		In 1939 the Anti-Treaty IRA [[S-Plan]] began. It was a bombing campaign within Great Britain, targeting a variety of military and government buildings. This campaign was controversial within the IRA, with many prominent Republicans including [[Tom Barry]] resigning due to it. As part of this campaign the IRA raided the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin. This campaign led to the creation of the [[Offences Against the State Act]] and the [[Emergency Powers Act]] in the Irish Free State, creating courts to prosecute IRA members and allowing the internment and execution of them. The British government also increased its repression of IRA volunteers in the North.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=Irish Statute Book\|title=Emergency Powers Act, 1939\|url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1939/act/28/enacted/en/print.html#:~:text=%E2%80%94(1)%20The%20Government%20may,of%20public%20order%2C%20or%20for}}</ref> Many Republicans were interned during this period and nine were executed in the Free State and Northern Ireland. These nine in order of the date they were executed were:

	* [[Peter Barnes]] and [[James McCormick]], on February 7, 1940, for their roles in the [[Coventry Bombing]], a planned attack on an electrical station where a bomb exploded prematurely in front of a shop instead as part of the S-Plan.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=The re-interment of Peter Barnes and James McCormick\|date=2019-07-04\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/27612}}</ref>		* [[Peter Barnes]] and [[James McCormick]], on February 7, 1940, for their roles in the [[Coventry Bombing]], a planned attack on an electrical station where a bomb exploded prematurely in front of a shop instead as part of the S-Plan.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=The re-interment of Peter Barnes and James McCormick\|date=2019-07-04\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/27612}}</ref>
Line 27:		Line 27:
	* [[Richard Goss]], executed on August 9, 1941 for shooting at government soldiers and police, though he was not charged with causing either of the two injuries to police and despite the fact none were killed.<ref name=":2" />		* [[Richard Goss]], executed on August 9, 1941 for shooting at government soldiers and police, though he was not charged with causing either of the two injuries to police and despite the fact none were killed.<ref name=":2" />
	* [[George Plant]] on March 5, 1942, who was executed for the killing of a suspected informant.<ref name=":2" />		* [[George Plant]] on March 5, 1942, who was executed for the killing of a suspected informant.<ref name=":2" />
	* [[Tom Williams]], executed by hanging in Northern Ireland for the killing of an RUC officer.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=Tom Williams remembered\|date=2007-09-13\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/17446}}</ref>		* [[Tom Williams]], executed by hanging on September 2, 1942 in Northern Ireland for the killing of an RUC officer.<ref>{{Web citation\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=Tom Williams remembered\|date=2007-09-13\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/17446}}</ref>
	* [[Maurice O'Neill]], executed on November 12, 1942. He was charged with 'shooting with intent' after a shootout at an IRA safehouse resulted in the death of a detective. Along with Goss, he is one of only two people executed for a crime other than murder in the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":2" />		* [[Maurice O'Neill]], executed on November 12, 1942. He was charged with 'shooting with intent' after a shootout at an IRA safehouse resulted in the death of a detective. Along with Goss, he is one of only two people executed for a crime other than murder in the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":2" />
	* Chief of Staff of the IRA [[Charlie Kerins]], hanged on December 1, 1944 for the killing of a collaborator detective.<ref name=":2" />		* Chief of Staff of the IRA [[Charlie Kerins]], hanged on December 1, 1944 for the killing of a collaborator detective.<ref name=":2" />
			In 1948 the Irish Free State became independent from the Commonwealth of Nations, creating the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":1" />

			In December, 1956 the last major offensive by the Anti-Treaty IRA, The Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation, began. On January 1 of the next year 2 IRA volunteers, [[Sean South]] and [[Fergal O'Hanlon]], were killed in an attempted attack on Brookeborough Barracks. Internment was reintroduced in response to the campaign, with revolutionary figures like [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] and [[Seamus Costello]] being imprisoned under these laws. The campaign ended in February 1962.<ref name=":1" />

			In 1966, after several years of growing tension due to the growing civil rights movement in Ireland, the [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] was founded. Its founding statement included a declaration of war against the IRA, with a vow to kill all members of it.<ref name=":1" />

			The Anti-Treaty IRA split on December 28, 1969. This split was over the issue of abstentionism, with the [[Official Irish Republican Army]] wishing to participate in elections, while the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] kept the old policy of abstentionism. This split marked the end of the Anti-Treaty IRA.<ref name=":1" />

	== Ideology ==		== Ideology ==

Connolly1916: started history section

2024-05-22T23:46:52Z

started history section

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox guerilla organization|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]|dates=March 1922-December 1969|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]|position=Big tent|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]|leader1_title=Chief of Staff|leader2_title=Quartermaster General|image=Irish_flag.png.png}}
+{{Infobox guerilla organization|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]|dates=March 1922-December 1969|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]|position=Big tent|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]|leader1_title=Chief of Staff|leader2_title=Quartermaster General|image=Irish_flag.png.png|misc=|module=}}
 The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922|date=2022-03-25|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref>
 It participated in several armed campaigns against the United Kingdom and the collaborator [[Irish Free State]] and later [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Matt Treacy|year=2011|title=The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jckh}}</ref>
 == References ==

General-KJ: Minor changes

2024-05-22T17:10:04Z

Minor changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:10, 22 May 2024
Line 4:		Line 4:

	It participated in several armed campaigns against the United Kingdom and the collaborator [[Irish Free State]] and later [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Matt Treacy\|year=2011\|title=The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic\|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jckh}}</ref>		It participated in several armed campaigns against the United Kingdom and the collaborator [[Irish Free State]] and later [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Matt Treacy\|year=2011\|title=The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic\|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jckh}}</ref>

			== References ==
			<references />
			[[Category:Political organizations]]
			[[Category:Irish organizations]]

Connolly1916: added flag successfully

2024-05-22T03:14:56Z

added flag successfully

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:14, 22 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox guerilla organization\|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army\|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]\|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]\|dates=March 1922-December 1969\|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann\|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]\|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]\|position=Big tent\|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]\|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]\|leader1_title=Chief of Staff\|leader2_title=Quartermaster General\|image=~~Irish flag~~.png}}		{{Infobox guerilla organization\|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army\|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]\|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]\|dates=March 1922-December 1969\|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann\|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]\|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]\|position=Big tent\|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]\|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]\|leader1_title=Chief of Staff\|leader2_title=Quartermaster General\|image=Irish_flag.png.png}}

	The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922\|date=2022-03-25\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref>		The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation\|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA\|newspaper=An Phoblacht\|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922\|date=2022-03-25\|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref>

	It participated in several armed campaigns against the United Kingdom and the collaborator [[Irish Free State]] and later [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Matt Treacy\|year=2011\|title=The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic\|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jckh}}</ref>		It participated in several armed campaigns against the United Kingdom and the collaborator [[Irish Free State]] and later [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>{{Citation\|author=Matt Treacy\|year=2011\|title=The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic\|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jckh}}</ref>

Connolly1916: started article

2024-05-22T03:06:06Z

started article

New page

{{Infobox guerilla organization|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]] [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]|dates=March 1922-December 1969|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]] [[Abstentionism]] '''Factions:''' [[Catholic Nationalism]] [[Socialism]] [[Communism]]|position=Big tent|opponents=[[Irish Free State]] [[Republic of Ireland]] [[United Kingdom]]|war=[[Irish Civil War]] [[S-Plan]] [[Northern Campaign]] [[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]] [[The Troubles]]|leader1_title=Chief of Staff|leader2_title=Quartermaster General|image=Irish flag.png}}

The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922|date=2022-03-25|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref>

It participated in several armed campaigns against the United Kingdom and the collaborator [[Irish Free State]] and later [[Republic of Ireland]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Matt Treacy|year=2011|title=The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic|title-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jckh}}</ref>