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Revolutionary Communist Group (UK)

2025-07-07T23:48:26Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: /* Political positions */ mentioned Cuba, opposition to transphobia and trotskyist history

{{Infobox political party|name=Revolutionary Communist Group|logo=Revolutionary Communist Group (RCG) logo.png|founded=1974|abbreviation=RCG|newspaper=[[Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism!]]|political_orientation=Anti-Imperialism|website=http://www.revolutionarycommunist.org/}}

The '''Revolutionary Communist Group (RCG)''' is a Communist political party in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]].

== Political positions ==
The RCG is of Trotskyist origins, but currently takes stances more typical of Marxist-Leninists, such as defending the Soviet Union.

The RCG believes [[Deng Xiaoping]] restored [[capitalism]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]], and is sceptical of China's [[socialist market economy]] as a method of building [[socialism]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Trevor Rayne|newspaper=Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism!|title=Crisis of Socialism in China|date=2019-08-14|url=https://www.revolutionarycommunist.org/asia/china/5655-crisis-of-socialism-in-china}}</ref> However, it considers Cuba to be a legitimate socialist experiment. Unlike the Communist Party of Britain, it rejects the two-state solution in Palestine and advocates for the abolition of the state of Israel.

The RCG also separates itself from several other British Marxist parties by being unequivocally opposed to transphobia in all its forms.

== References ==
<references />
{{Communist Parties}}
[[Category:Communist parties]]
[[Category:British communist parties]]

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2025-07-07T23:43:09Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: Added Revolutionary Communist Group

{{Infobox country
| name = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| native_name = Ruvaneth Unys Breten Veur hag Iwerdhon Gledh Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon| image_flag = File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| image_map = File:United Kingdom (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width = 320px
| image_coat = British coat of arms.svg| capital = London
| largest_city = London
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[Bourgeois state|bourgeois state]]
| leader_title1 = Monarch
| leader_name1 = [[Charles Windsor]]
| leader_title2 = Prime Minister
| leader_name2 = [[Keir Starmer]]
| sovereignty_type = Formation
|legislature=[[Parliament]]|upper_house=[[House of Lords]]|lower_house=[[House of Commons]]| established_event1 = Annexation of Wales by the Kingdom of England
| established_date1 = 1536
|established_event2=Annexation of Scotland by the Kingdom of England|established_date2=1707|established_event3=Annexation of Ireland by Great Britain|established_date3=1801|established_event4=Independence of Republic of Ireland from United Kingdom|established_date4=1922| area_km2 = 242,495
| area_rank = 78th
| population_estimate = 67,886,004
| population_estimate_year = 2020
| labour_force = 34,708,550<ref>World Bank (2020). ''[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=GB Labour force total – United Kingdom]''.</ref>
| labour_force_participation = 78.1%<ref>World Bank (2019). ''[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.ACTI.ZS?locations=GB Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) - United Kingdom]'' </ref>
| labour_occupation = agriculture: 1.3% industry: 15.2% services: 83.5%<ref name="CIA-factbook-economy">CIA World Factbook (2020). ''[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-kingdom/#Economy United Kingdom – The world factbook (economy)]''</ref>
| unemployment = 4.8%<ref>Trading economics (2021). ''[https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/unemployment-rate United Kingdom unemployment rate]''</ref>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2021
| GDP_nominal = $3.124 trillion<ref name="imf-2021">International Monetary Fund (2021). ''[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=112,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPRPPPPC,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2021&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 World Economic Outlook database: April 2021]''</ref>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $46,344<ref name ="imf-2021"/>
| export_year = 2019
| export = $894.077 billion<ref>World Bank (2019). ''[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD?locations=GB Exports of goods and services (current US$) - United Kingdom]''</ref>
| export_commodities = cars, gas turbines, gold, crude petroleum, packaged medicines<ref name="CIA-factbook-economy"/>
| export_partners = [[United States of America|United States]] (15%), [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] (10%), [[People's Republic of China|China]] (7%)<ref name="CIA-factbook-economy"/>
| import_year = 2019
| import = $924.69 billion<ref>World Bank (2019). ''[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.IMP.GNFS.CD?locations=GB Imports of goods and services (current US$) - United Kingdom]''</ref>
| import_commodities = gold, cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment<ref name="CIA-factbook-economy"/>
| import_partners = [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] (13%), [[People's Republic of China|China]] (10%), [[Netherlands]] (7%)
| external_debt = $8.721 trillion<ref name="CIA-factbook-economy"/>
| external_debt_rank = 2nd
| Gini = 33.5%
| Gini_year = 2018
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.932
| HDI_year = 2019
| HDI_rank =
| currency = Pound sterling
| mode_of_production = [[Imperialist]] [[Capitalism]]
| currency_code = GBP
|drives_on=left|calling_code=+44|iso3166code=GB|cctld=.uk}}
The '''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland''', often shortened to the '''United Kingdom''' or '''UK''', is an [[Imperialism|imperialist]] island country located in [[Europe]]. It comprises [[England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]] as well as [[Northern Ireland]] which encompasses six occupied counties belonging to the [[Republic of Ireland]]. The UK was a founding member of [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] and [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization|SEATO]]. It has the fourth largest military budget in the world and the second most foreign military bases behind the [[United States of America]]. [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]], the British secret police, has connections to the [[National Security Agency|NSA]] and [[Five Eyes]].<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Australian Marxist Review]]|title=British Imperialism – A Threat to World Peace|date=2022-09-28|url=https://cpa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AMR73_2022-09.pdf|retrieved=2022-11-27|author=Kenny Coyle}}</ref> The British Empire was a major [[Colonialism|colonial]] power and was responsible for over 160 million deaths in [[India]] alone.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=British empire killed 165 million Indians in 40 years: How colonialism inspired fascism|date=2022-12-12|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/12/britain-100-million-india-deaths-colonialism/|retrieved=2022-12-16}}</ref> Britain retains influence in its former empire using imperialist organisations such as [[Commonwealth of Nations|the Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Sara Flounders|newspaper=Workers World|title=How royalty reinforces imperialism through Commonwealth of Nations|date=2022-09-13|url=https://www.workers.org/2022/09/66639/}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Feudal Britain ===
{{Main article|Kingdom of England (927–1707)|Kingdom of Scotland (843-1707)}}

=== Great Britain ===
Following the [[Glorious Revolution|bourgeois revolution of 1688]], the number of capital crimes rose from 50 to over 200, and most of the new additions were minor property crimes. Stealing a single shilling was punishable by death. The [[bourgeoisie]] also enclosed and privatized common lands held by the [[peasantry]]. Beginning in 1717, Britain began mass deportations of (usually poor) convicts to the colonies.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=White Servants|page=77–79|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

In July 1745 [[Charles Stuart]] led the last [[Jacobite Rebellions|Jacobite Rebellion]] in an attempt to restore the House of Stuart as the British Monarchs. Following defeat at the battle of Culloden, Charles fled back to [[French Republic|France]] in June 1746 ending the rebellion.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=The National Archives|title=Jacobite timeline of key events|date=2024|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/jacobite-1745/timeline-key-events/}}</ref> Following the rebellion [[Henry Pelham]]'s [[Whig]] Government started a campaign of ethnic cleansing against the highlander population, supressing their culture and forcibly removing them from their land.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=The National|title=Scotland Back in the Day: How the brutal atrocities of the Highland Clearances changed Scotland forever|date=2016-07-19|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/14868553.scotland-back-in-the-day-how-the-brutal-atrocities-of-the-highland-clearances-changed-scotland-forever/}}</ref>

[[Slavery]] was banned within England in 1772 but continued to exist in its colonies. Free Africans fought for the British during the [[Statesian Revolution]], but many were deported to [[Sierra Leone]] afterwards.<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Liberalism and Racial Slavery: A Unique Twin Birth|page=48–52|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

England suspended habeas corpus for eight years starting in 1794.<ref name=":1222">{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Crisis of the English and American Models|page=175|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

=== Great Britain and Ireland ===
The United Kingdom suspended habeas corpus again in 1817 and committed the [[Peterloo Massacre]] in 1819. Between 1800 and 1850, it deported 1,800 dissidents to [[Commonwealth of Australia|Australia]] for political crimes, including [[Chartists]], [[Jacobinism|Jacobins]], and Irish people.<ref name=":1222" />

Motivated by a fear of the [[French Revolution]], the [[Whigs (United Kingdom)|Whig]] prime minister [[Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey|Charles Grey]] passed the [[Reform Act of 1832]], which expanded suffrage from 400,000 to 650,000. It prevented [[Landlord|landlords]] from appointing rural representatives but did not reach the universal male suffrage demanded by the Chartists. Around the same time, the UK repealed the Corn Laws, which had imposed [[Tariff|tariffs]] and set high prices for wheat. The Poor Law of 1834 worsened conditions in workhouses and abolished outside relief for the poor.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2012-06-01|title=Charles Dickens, champion of the poor|url=https://thecommunists.org/2012/06/01/news/culture/charles-dickens-champion-of-the-poor/|newspaper=[[Proletarian (newspaper)|Proletarian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205233142/https://thecommunists.org/2012/06/01/news/culture/charles-dickens-champion-of-the-poor/|archive-date=2023-02-05}}</ref>

During the late 19th century, [[Benjamin Disraeli]], despite his pro-slavery views, expanded voting rights to sections of the [[Proletariat|working class]].<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Liberalism and Racial Slavery: A Unique Twin Birth|page=63|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref> His 1867 Reform Act allowed non-Anglicans (including [[Catholicism|Catholics]], [[Judaism|Jews]], and some [[Protestantism|Protestants]]) to vote.<ref name=":12">{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Were Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century England and America Liberal?|page=117–120|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf}}</ref>

Britain participated in the [[First World War]] on the side of the Entente, fearing that [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German]] domination of Europe would threaten the security of the British Empire. Following German defeat, Britain took control of several colonies previously belonging to the Central powers. In [[Africa]], Britain secured [[Republic of Namibia|Namibia]], and [[United Republic of Tanzania|Tanzania]] from Germany whilst in the [[West Asia|Middle East]], the British received [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan|Jordan]] and [[Republic of Iraq|Iraq]] from the [[Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)|Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Lalkar|title=1914-2014: Imperialism means war|date=2023-07|url=http://www.lalkar.org/article/4217/1914-2014-imperialism-means-war|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807071838/https://www.lalkar.org/article/4217/1914-2014-imperialism-means-war|archive-date=2023-08-07}}</ref>

=== Great Britain and Northern Ireland ===
In 1939, the British made a secret agreement with [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] to stay out Germany's spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and avoid an alliance with the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] in exchange for Germany not attacking the British Empire.<ref name=":022332">{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens|year=1996|title=Another View of Stalin|chapter=Stalin and the anti-fascist war|isbn=9782872620814|publisher=Editions EPO|pdf=https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/bafykbzaceab64vxtxpqt2cdl4zsrsftmedqidn4foq74gr25qkd35z5nwogdi?filename=Ludo%20Martens%20-%20Another%20View%20of%20Stalin-Editions%20EPO%20%281996%29.pdf|page=187}}</ref>

Following the loss of its colonial empire, the UK was in a severe economic crisis by the early 1970s. Dockworkers and miners organized large [[Strike action|strikes]] in 1972 and 1974. The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] government of [[James Callaghan]] applied for an [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] loan in 1976 and imposed [[austerity]] on the working people.<ref name=":2" />

[[Margaret Thatcher]] blamed [[Trade union|unions]] for the crisis and took power in 1979. She introduced mass [[Privatization|privatisation]] and strengthened monopolies while increasing imperialist aggression against Ireland. Under Thatcher's rule, [[unemployment]], [[crime]], and [[poverty]] increased. Both the [[Conservative and Unionist Party|Conservative]] and Labour parties opposed the [[1984–85 British miners' strike|1984–85 miners' strike]].<ref name=":2" />

When Labour returned to power under [[Tony Blair]] in 1997, he continued many of Thatcher's policies while creating [[Social democracy|social democratic]] reforms to weaken the revolutionary movement.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|date=2023-04-15|title=Margaret Thatcher: Symbol of Capitalist Barbarism|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2023/04/margaret-thatcher-symbol-of-capitalist-barbarism.html|newspaper=[[In Defense of Communism]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415175041/http://www.idcommunism.com/2023/04/margaret-thatcher-symbol-of-capitalist-barbarism.html|archive-date=2023-04-15|retrieved=2023-04-16|author=[[Nikos Mottas]]}}</ref>

The Conservatives returned to power under [[David Cameron]] in 2010, first in a coalition with the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] before achieving an outright majority in 2015. The Tories immediately set about demolishing the country, imposing austerity on the British proletariat, cutting funding to all services and beginning mass privatization whilst ensuring the bourgeoisie continued accumulating wealth. The Conservatives in this time consented to two referendums, the first ended in a narrow failure for the question of Scottish independence whilst the latter was on the question of Britain leaving the [[European Union]].<ref name=":4">{{Web citation|author=Esther Addley|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Did that really happen? 14 years of chaotic Tory government|date=2024-07-04|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ng-interactive/2024/jul/04/did-that-really-happen-14-years-of-chaotic-tory-government}}</ref>

On 23 June 2016, in a blow to global imperialism, the British people voted in favour of [[Brexit]] setting in motion a long process of negotiating its exit from the EU.<ref>{{Citation|author=O'Rourke, Kevin H|year=2019|title=A short history of Brexit: from brentry to backstop|title-url=https://annas-archive.org/md5/010f133d7e3610ec5d5051dfe960937c|chapter=Chapter Eight: Brexit}}</ref> The success of the vote led to the resignation of Cameron and several chaotic years in which Cameron's successor [[Theresa May]] and her own successor [[Boris Johnson]] - after May's utter failure - attempted to negotiate an agreement for leaving the EU, before a deal was finally reached nearly 4 years later.<ref name=":4" /> On 31 January 2020 the ratified agreement came into affect and Britain officially left the EU after 47 years of membership, entering a transition period where the terms of the agreement were phased in.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BBC|title=Brexit: UK leaves the European Union|date=2020-02-01|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-51333314|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321212615/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51333314|archive-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>

After leaving the EU the Conservatives descended further into open corruption and made little secret of their ransacking of the country at the behest of the bourgeoisie and to the detriment of the general population. Mismanagement continued under the arrival of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] with Johnson throwing a party whilst the rest of the country was under lockdown before Johnson was finally forced to resign for hiring someone accused of sexual misconduct. Johnson's successor [[Liz Truss]] wrecked the economy even faster than her predecessors as well as overseeing the funeral of [[Elizabeth II Windsor|Queen Elizabeth II]] before forced to resign herself and hand over to [[Rishi Sunak]] who only continued the trend of driving the UK into ruin.<ref name=":4" />

== Colonialism ==
{{Main article|British Imperialism}}
The British Empire colonized parts of [[North America]], Africa, [[Asia]], and [[Oceania]] and controlled nearly 25% of the world's land area at its peak.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Larry Holzwarth|newspaper=History Collection|title=10 Atrocities Committed by the British Empire that They Would Like to Erase from History Books|date=2018-03-17|url=https://historycollection.com/10-atrocities-committed-by-the-british-empire-that-they-would-like-to-erase-from-history-books/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616103933/https://historycollection.com/10-atrocities-committed-by-the-british-empire-that-they-would-like-to-erase-from-history-books/|archive-date=2021-06-16|retrieved=2022-05-21}}</ref>

== Politics ==
The UK is a [[Bourgeois democracy]] organised as a [[constitutional monarchy]] and a unitary [[parliamentary democracy]]. The [[Parliament]] is made up of three central elements; the [[House of Commons (UK)|House of Commons]], the [[House of Lords]] and the [[British Monarchy|Crown]]. The UK is made up of 650 constituencies, the residents of which vote in one MP, in a [[first past the post]] electoral system, to represent them in the House of Commons, the house responsible for creating legislature, and the party with the most MPs forms the government.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=UK Parliament|title=General Elections|date=2023|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/general/|retrieved=2023-11-29}}</ref> The House of Lords and the Monarch are both unelected, the formers job is to scrutinise legislature and return it to the commons for amendments whilst the latter performs ceremonial tasks, and wastes public money.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=UK Parliament|title=The two-House system|date=2023|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/role/system/|retrieved=2023-11-29}}</ref>

General elections for the House of Commons take place at most every five years but may be called earlier should the sitting government decides to call for one. Until the late 19th century, the [[Landlord|landowning]] [[aristocracy]] completely controlled the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. In seven general elections from 1760 to 1800, less than 10% of rural seats were contested.<ref name=":12" /> From 1716 to 1911, Parliament members were elected every seven years.<ref name=":122">{{Citation|author=[[Domenico Losurdo]]|year=2011|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|chapter=Crisis of the English and American Models|page=136|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebhsj2yxuoudkhkjp6lzgr5jvgyhu76zxe4gw3d65gpg32a6nded4?filename=Domenico%20Losurdo%2C%20Gregory%20Elliott%20-%20Liberalism_%20A%20Counter-History-Verso%20%282011%29.pdf|publisher=Verso|isbn=9781844676934|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=5BB3406BC2E64972831A1C00D5D4BFE4}}</ref>

It was only in 2015 that a law was put in place which allowed constituents to recall their representative but this can only be activated should the MP have broken a law or rule and been suspended from parliament. Following the conditions being met, a minimum of 10% of their constituents must sign a recall petition within six weeks. If the recall petition is successful then a bi-election is called for their seat, the recalled MP may stand in this election if they wish to. There is no course of recall for an MP that governs against the wishes of their constituents, MPs are effectively unaccountable until the following general election.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=UK Parliament|title=Recall elections|date=2023|url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn05089/|retrieved=2023-11-29}}</ref>

=== Devolved governments ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Country
!Population
!Total Area
!Capital
!Parliament
!First Minister
|-
|England
|56,489,800 (2021)
|130,279 km2 (50,301 sq mi)
|[[London]]
|none
|none
|-
|Scotland
|5,436,600 (2022)
|77,933 km2 (30,090.1 sq mi)
|[[Edinburgh]]
|[[Scottish Parliament]]
|[[John Swinney]]
|-
|Wales
|3,267,501 (2022)
|20,779 km2 (8,022.82 sq mi)
|[[Cardiff]]
|[[Senedd]]
|[[Vaughan Gethingd]]
|-
|Northern Ireland
|1,903,100 (2021)
|14,130 km2 (5,455.62 sq mi)
|[[Belfast]]
|[[Northern Ireland Assembly]]
|[[Michelle O'Neill]]
|}

==== Scotland ====
Scotland is split up into 32 counties, and 59 constituencies, most of these constituencies are held by MPs for the Scottish Nationalist Party<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=UK Parliament|title=2019 General election results Scotland|date=2023|url=https://electionresults.parliament.uk/election/2019-12-12/results/Location/Country/Scotland|retrieved=2023-12-07}}</ref> who also control most seats in the Scottish parliament. The Scottish Government and Parliament were established in 1999 with its powers and duties set out in UK parliament legislation, this made Scotland the largest region of the UK to have its own parliament. There are 129 Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), for each person in Scotland they are represented by one constituency MSP and 7 regional MSPs each elected by a bourgeois system of [[proportional representation]] called the [[Additional Member System]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Scottish Parliament|title=What's the difference between the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Government?|date=2023|url=https://www.parliament.scot/about/how-parliament-works/difference-between-parliament-and-government|retrieved=2023-12-07}}</ref>

=== Active Political Parties ===

==== Conservative and Unionist Party ====
The [[Conservative and Unionist Party|Conservative Party]], also called the Tory Party, is a right-wing to far-right [[neoliberal]] party currently lead by [[Rishi Sunak]].

==== Labour Party ====
[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] is a bourgeois social-democratic party that is a de facto neoliberal party currently lead by [[Keir Starmer]], currently the ruling party of the UK. [[V.I. Lenin]] called it "a thoroughly bourgeois party" in 1920, and little has changed since then.<ref>{{Citation|author=Vladimir Lenin|title=V. I. Lenin: Collected Works-Volume 31: April-December 1920|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/jul/x03.htm|chapter=Speech On Affiliation To The British Labour Party|quote=Of course, most of the Labour Party’s members are working men. However, whether or not a party is really a political party of the workers does not depend solely upon a membership of workers but also upon the men that lead it, and the content of its actions and its political tactics. Only that determines whether we really have before us a political party of the proletariat. Regarded from this, the only correct point of view, the Labour Party is a thoroughly bourgeois party, because, although made up of workers, it is led by reactionaries, and the worst kind of reactionaries at that, who act quite in the spirit of the bourgeoisie. It is an organisation of the bourgeoisie, which exists to systematically dupe the workers with the aid of the British Noses and Scheidemanns.|lg=https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=7C5A2899D40CE21335BB23D5BD939F02|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/cw/volume31.htm|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/jul/x03.htm}}</ref><ref name="GSE">{{Citation|year=1971|chapter=Great Britain|chapter-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Great+Britain|title=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (3rd ed.)|volume=4|page=412-452|city=Moscow|pdf=https://ia804601.us.archive.org/2/items/B-001-032-507-748-ALL/БСЭ_3изд_т04_581.pdf|trans-title=Boljšaja sovjetskaja enciklopjedija|trans-lang=Russian}}</ref>

==== Liberal Democrats ====
The [[Liberal Democrats]] are a [[Liberalism|liberal]] party currently lead by [[Ed Davey]]. It is based on the old bourgeois Whig Party.<ref name="GSE" />

==== Scottish National Party ====
The [[Scottish National Party]] (SNP) is a [[Nationalism|nationalist]] social-democratic party that advocates for an independent Scotland. The party is currently lead by [[John Swinney]].

==== Communist party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) ====
The [[Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)]] (CPGB-ML) is the largest [[Marxism-leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] political party in the UK. CPGB-ML holds [[reactionary]] ideas regarding [[LGBT+|LGBT]] rights dismissing them as [[identity politics]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Proletarian|title=Why gay rights is not a class issue|date=2019-04-20|url=https://thecommunists.org/2019/04/20/news/why-gay-rights-is-not-a-class-issue/|retrieved=2023-11-22}}</ref>

==== Communist Party of Britain ====
The [[Communist Party of Britain]] (CPB) is a [[Revisionism|revisionist]] [[communist party]] currently lead by [[Robert Griffiths]].

==== Revolutionary Communist Group ====
The [[Revolutionary Communist Group (UK)|Revolutionary Communist Group]] is a Marxist-Leninist organisation which has Trotskyist origins

====Reform UK====
[[Reform UK]] is a far-right party representing the most nationalistic segments of the British bourgeoisie. It was founded by, and is currently led by, [[Nigel Farage]].

=== Dependencies ===
[[File:United Kingdom (+overseas territories) in the World (+Antarctica claims).svg|thumb|400x400px|Locations of British Overseas Territories]]
British overseas territories are the remnants of the British Empire which the British Imperialists are yet to relinquish control of. These territories are: [[Anguilla]]; [[Bermuda]]; the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]]; the [[British Virgin Islands]]; the [[Cayman Islands]]; the [[Falkland Islands]]; [[Gibraltar]]; [[Montserrat]]; [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]; the [[Turks and Caicos Islands]]; the [[Pitcairn Islands]]; [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]].<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=GOV.UK|title=United Kingdom Overseas Territories – Toponymic Information|date=2020|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/946074/UKOTs_Information_Paper.pdf}}</ref>

The British also occupy two military bases on the island of [[Republic of Cyprus|Cyprus]], [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]], that remained under British control when Cyprus declared independence in 1960. The British refuses to return these bases to Cypriot sovereignty because they have use for them as outposts of imperialism in [[western Asia]].<ref name=":3" />

The British also claim a section of the uninhabited continent of [[Antarctica]] known as the [[British Antarctic Territory]]. The territory is administered from London, and scientists conduct experiments at various bases such as [[Rothera]], [[Halley VI]], and [[Signy]] Research Stations.<ref name=":3" />

In addition, the British occupy the [[Chagos Archipelago]] in the Indian Ocean, where a joint US/UK military base has been established on [[Diego Garcia]]. The native Chagossian inhabitants were forcibly expelled from their homes in the late 1960s by the British government and now live in abject poverty abroad. Although the [[United Nations]] have deemed the occupation to be illegal under international law, the British have refused to return the territory to its native inhabitants, claiming that the ruling is just an "advisory opinion".<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BBC|title=Chagos Islands dispute: UK obliged to end control - UN|url=https://en.prolewiki.org/index.php?title=United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland&veaction=edit|retrieved=23/06/2024}}</ref>

=== Military ===
The UK has 145 military bases in 42 countries and territories, including five countries encircling [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The 15 British bases in [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]] are contributing the Saudi invasion of [[Republic of Yemen|Yemen]]. In 2021, the British government published a document saying it would expand its nuclear arsenal from 200 to 260 weapons, which is a violation of the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]].<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==

* [[List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom]]

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Imperialist countries]]
[[Category:Global north]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:European countries]]

Antisemitism

2025-07-07T23:26:51Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: /* History */ Mentioned how some Muslims incorrectly believe that Israel's behaviour is representative of all Jews

[[File:1960s racist anti-communist poster.png|thumb|Antisemitic, racist, and [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] poster from the [[United States of America|United States]]]]
'''Antisemitism''' is a form of [[racism]] and/or prejudice against the [[Semites|Semitic peoples]] (and in particular [[Judaism|Jews]]) based on the belief that Semites are inferior to non-Semites or that they are responsible for the world's problems. This type of bigotry often manifests as hostility or violence towards Jewish individuals or religious buildings. Antisemitism has a long history, dating back to ancient times, and has been a pervasive problem throughout much of the world. Today, it continues to be a serious issue, with Jews and Arabs facing discrimination and violence in many countries.

== History ==
Antisemitism dates back to ancient times. In the ancient world, Jewish people were often the targets of persecution and discrimination by other groups, with Jewish migrants often being targeted by the Catholic church, and being impeded from working certain jobs. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, antisemitism became more widespread and organized, with the rise of political parties such as the [[National Fascist Party]] and the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]]. During this time, Jewish people were often scapegoated for various social and economic problems, and were subjected to discriminatory laws and policies. Jewish people continue to face discrimination, violence, and persecution in some countries. In recent years, there has been a rise in hate crimes against Jewish people, particularly in the form of vandalism and attacks on synagogues and other Jewish institutions.

Contrary to its purported ideals of equality, antisemitism was a key part of [[Enlightenment]] [[liberalism]]. Because [[capitalism]] and [[colonialism]], the basis of liberalism, could not create equality and in fact worsened inequality, [[proletarian revolution]] was a source of constant anxiety for the new bourgeoisie. Since liberalism's proponents ruled out capitalism ''a priori'' as the source of the problem, they instead had to look for a subversive element in society causing unrest. Concurrent with colonialism was [[race science]], which portrayed Jews as an alien "Semitic" race lodged in Western society.<ref>{{Citation|author=Domenico Losurdo|year=2014|title=Liberalism: A Counter-History|title-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Liberalism:_A_Counter-History|chapter=Chapter eight|chapter-url=https://en.prolewiki.org/wiki/Library:Liberalism:_A_Counter-History#CHAPTER_EIGHT|section=11. The repression of conflict, the search for the pathogenic element, and conspiracy theory|publisher=Verso Books|isbn=978-1-78168-166-4|lg=http://library.lol/main/64e8f86a9a8046e29fd73af3ab6e46a2}}</ref>

Antisemitism has historically been most prevalent in Europe and its settler-colonies such as the USA. In more recent years, anti-Jewish sentiment has also sometimes been seen in the Islamic world. This is because some Muslims correctly despise Israel for its atrocities against the Palestinian people, but are not politically educated enough to understand the true motivations behind these atrocities.

=== Soviet Union ===
The [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Bolsheviks]] banned antisemitism as soon as they came to power, and the [[Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union|Sovnarkom]] called for the destruction of the antisemitic movement in July 1918 by forbidding pogroms. A 1922 law banned national hatred with a punishment of at least a year of imprisonment or death during wartime. In 1927, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] banned literature promoting religious or national hostility. In 1931, [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] wrote a letter to the Jewish News Agency in the [[United States of America|United States]] which called antisemitism "the most dangerous vestige of [[cannibalism]]".<ref name=":0" /> ''[[Pravda]]'' published this letter in 1936. This Article 74 of the Russian Criminal Code from 1961 punished antisemitism with six months to three years of imprisonment or two to five years of exile.'''<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=88|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>'''

== Conflation with anti-Zionism ==
[[Zionism|Zionists]] often try to conflate opposition towards the [[State of Israel]] and its [[apartheid]] policies with antisemitism,<ref>{{Web citation|author=Miko Peled|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=American Officials Are Trying to Change the Definition of Antisemitism to Shield Israel from Criticism|date=2022-10-12|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/american-officials-change-definition-antisemitism-shield-israel-criticism/282188/|retrieved=2022-10-12}}</ref> even though most Zionists are not Jewish, many Jews oppose Zionism,<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Whitney Webb|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=The Untold Story of Christian Zionism's Rise to Power in the United States|date=2019-07-12|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/untold-story-christian-zionists-power-united-states-israel/260532/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615155410/https://www.mintpressnews.com/untold-story-christian-zionists-power-united-states-israel/260532/|archive-date=2022-06-15|retrieved=2022-09-17}}</ref> and [[State of Palestine|Palestinians]] (who have suffered greatly from Zionism) are themselves a [[Semites|Semitic]] people.

== References ==
[[Category:Antisemitism]]

People's Liberation Army

2023-05-25T13:47:29Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: PLA wars

{{Infobox political party|name=People's Liberation Army|native_name=中国人民解放军|logo=PLA flag.png|founded=1927 August 1|membership_year=2022|membership=2,300,000}}

The '''People's Liberation Army''' ('''PLA''') is the armed forces of the [[People's Republic of China]]. According to [[Hu Jintao]], it protects the sovereignty of China and maintains world peace.<ref>{{Citation|author=Cortez A. Cooper|year=2009|title=The PLA Navy’s “New Historic Missions”|pdf=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/2009/RAND_CT332.pdf}}</ref>

== History ==
The predecessor to the PLA was the [[Chinese Red Army]] founded in 1927. When the PRC was founded in 1949, the PLA only had 17 fighter jets and most of its weapons had been captured from the [[Kuomintang]] or [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] invaders. The PLA downsized in the 1980s by about a million soldiers and by another 500,000 between 1997 and 2000. Although it now has fewer soldiers, they are more educated and better equipped.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=This is the People's Liberation Army|date=2022-08-02|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-07-29/This-is-China-This-is-the-People-s-Liberation-Army-1bXmVIP7V9S/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814114631/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-07-29/This-is-China-This-is-the-People-s-Liberation-Army-1bXmVIP7V9S/index.html|archive-date=2022-08-14|retrieved=2022-10-20}}</ref>

The PLA was not directly involved in the defence of Korea against the US, as China did not wish to officially go to war with the UN coalition. However, the People's Volunteer Army (PVA) which fought in Korea was made up of units from the PLA.

The PLA has fought in border skirmishes with India, and has previously attempted to reclaim Taiwan Province from the Republic of China government. Due to the Sino-Soviet split, the PLA has also fought in border skirmishes against both the Soviet Union and Vietnam. More recently, the People's Liberation Navy has fought against the People's Navy of Vietnam due to territorial disputes in the South China Sea.

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:People's Republic of China]]

United States Armed Forces

2023-05-25T13:20:19Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: More general info

{{stub}}
The U.S Armed Forces is the Army of the [[United States of America]].

The US Armed Forces are responsible for countless atrocities throughout their entire existence. In the 19th century, they massacred indigenous Americans as the US expanded westward. They have massacred civilians during their wars of aggression against Korea, Vietnam and Iraq, and are also the only military that has used nuclear weapons in warfare. These, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, were entirely unnecessary, as Japan was already in the process of negotiating a surrender.

In the Vietnam and Korean wars, the US military forcibly conscripted many soldiers. These conscription methods made exceptions for the well-educated, which meant that poor people were disproportionately conscripted.

Today, the US military does not use conscription, but retains the legal right to start doing so again.

The US military has by far the highest budget of any military in the world, more than double that of the country in second place, China.

While the US military has experienced success in conventional warfare, such as against Iraq in 2003, they are frequently unable to defeat enemies who rely on guerilla tactics, something that has been shown from their failures against the Vietnamese National Liberation Front (often known as the Viet Cong) and more recently, the Taliban in Afghanistan.

In 2023, documents were leaked showing that the USAF wants to use [[deepfake]]s to distribute propaganda.<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23696654-us-socom-procurement-document-announcing-desire-to-utilize-deepfakes|title=U.S. SOCOM Procurement Document Announcing Desire to Utilize Deepfakes|quote=Provide a next generation of “deep fake” or other similar technology to generate messages and influence operations via non-traditional channels in relevant peer/near peer environments.|page=16}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|url=https://theintercept.com/2023/03/06/pentagon-socom-deepfake-propaganda/|title=U.S. Special Forces Want to Use Deepfakes for Psy-Ops|author=Sam Biddle|date=2023-03-06T11:59|newspaper=[[The Intercept]]}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:United States of America]]

United States Armed Forces

2023-05-25T13:00:29Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: List of atrocities

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2023-05-24T09:48:09Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela:

{{External article cleanup|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement|conventional_long_name=Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|native_name=中华人民共和国香港特别行政区 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó xiāng gǎng tè bié xíng zhèng qū|settlement_type=Special Administrative Region|image_map=Hong kong map.svg|image_map_size=220px|population_census=7,413,070|population_census_year=2021|area_km2=2,754.97|image_flag=Hong Kong Flag.png}}
'''Hong Kong''', officially the '''Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China''' (also known as '''Hong Kong SAR''' or '''HKSAR'''; Chinese: 香港) is a special administrative region of [[People's Republic of China|China]] on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. Another special administrative region of China is [[Macao Special Administrative Region|Macao]].

As a special administrative region, Hong Kong has its own government with a large degree of autonomy. In general, capitalists, both native and foreign, are less restricted in their business ventures than they would be on the Chinese mainland. Inevitably, poverty is significantly more common in Hong Kong conpared to the mainland. Hong Kong also has its own currency, the Hong Kong dollar, instead of the Chinese Yuan used on the mainland.

== History ==
Hong Kong was one of the territories occupied by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] during the century of humiliation. After the Opium Wars, the UK forced the [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)|Qing Dynasty]] to sign a treaty signing over various territories. In 1898 a treaty was negotiated giving the British Empire control of Hong Kong for exactly 99 years rent-free.

The governor of British Hong Kong was appointed by the Prime Minister of the UK directly. All governors of British Hong Kong were white Europeans born in the British Isles, and the first governor to speak Chinese was in 1982 (15 years before the end of British rule in Hong Kong). Under British rule, Hong Kong never held a single election and all positions of government were appointed hierarchically by the governor.

In 1997, Hong Kong was handed over back to China. In December 2019, 68% of residents said they would not support Hong Kong becoming independent and only 17% said they would.<ref>{{News citation|author=Felix Tam, Clare Jim|newspaper=Reuters|title=Exclusive: Support for Hong Kong protesters' demands rises even as coronavirus halts rallies: poll|date=2020-03-27|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-poll/exclusive-support-for-hong-kong-protesters-demands-rises-even-as-coronavirus-halts-rallies-poll-idUSKBN21E11L|retrieved=2022-04-15}}</ref>

=== 1967 Hong Kong uprising ===
The Hong Kong 1967 riots, also known as the anti-British riots, broke out in Hong Kong in May 1967. Under the influence of the [[cultural revolution]] in mainland China, communists in Hong Kong launched a rebellion against the British colonial government. The incident transformed from an initial strike and demonstration into an open rebellion, involving assassinations and bombings. As a result, 51 people lost their lives directly in the riot, and more than 800 others were injured.<ref>{{Citation|title-url=https://history.sohu.com/20140605/n400463137.shtml|title=Hong Kong Red Guards riot British fears want early return of Hong Kong|trans-title=香港红卫兵暴动英国恐惧想提前香港回归|author=枫网|trans-lang=Traditional Chinese|date=2014-06-05}}</ref>

=== 2019 Hong Kong riots ===

==== Murder of Poon Hiu-wing ====
On 2018 February 17, Chan Tong-kai murdered his girlfriend Poon Hiu-wing in a hotel room in Taipei, [[Taiwan Province]]. Afterwards, he escaped to Hong Kong before her body was found.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-11-06/Five-things-to-know-about-murder-case-behind-Hong-Kong-s-mass-protests-LnBGj6jMNW/index.html|title=Five things to know about murder case behind Hong Kong's mass protests|author=Li Zhao|date=2019-11-06|newspaper=[[China Global Television Network]]}}</ref> Since Hong Kong hasn't signed any extradition agreements with any parts of China, the government had no ability to extradite him to face trial in the Taiwan Province, and they also could not try him in Hong Kong because he did not commit any crimes while in Hong Kong.<ref name=":0" />

==== Extradition Bill ====
The Hong Kong government responded to this problem by trying to sign an extradition agreement with the PRC and [[Republic of China|ROC]] governments. An extradition bill, titled "''Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019''", was gazetted on 2019 March 29.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr18-19/english/bills/b201903291.htm|title=Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019|author=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/202112221220507/https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr18-19/english/bills/b201903291.htm|archive-date=2021-12-21}}</ref> The bill was aimed at targeting people who were in Hong Kong, but who had committed crimes elsewhere in China, by allowing their extradition. Despite the claims of many subsequent opponents of the bill, it never allowed for people who had committed crimes in Hong Kong to be extradited out of Hong Kong.

The HKSAR Government later issued the following statement on October 2019:<blockquote>Chan will be a free man after being released from jail. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government has no authority to impose any restrictive measures on him.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-10-23/HK-or-Taiwan-Debate-over-possible-trial-location-of-murder-case-L1RY90fp84/index.html|author=He Weiwei|date=2019-10-24|title=Hong Kong or Taiwan? Debate over possible trial location of murder case|newspaper=[[China Global Television Network]]}}</ref></blockquote>

==== United States involvement ====
The proposal of this bill was then capitalized on by foreign governments, mainly the [[United States of America]].

In August 2019, Julie Eadeh, a US diplomat in Hong Kong, was caught meeting HK protest leaders.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2019/08/17/hong-kong-protest-washington-nativism-violence/|date=2019-08-17|author=Dan Cohen|title=Behind a made-for-TV Hong Kong protest narrative, Washington is backing nativism and mob violence|newspaper=The Grayzone}}</ref>

Leaders of Hong Kong’s opposition have spent years cultivating close relationships with US politicians. They have met with Ted Cruz, Josh Hawley, Marco Rubio, and Rick Scott, and Tom Cotton.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2020/06/09/hong-kongs-far-right-us-politicians-crush-black-lives-matter/|date=2020-06-09|author=Ajit Singh|newspaper=The Grayzone|title=Hong Kong’s ‘pro-democracy’ movement allies with far-right US politicians that seek to crush Black Lives Matter}}</ref>

The [[Hong Kong Democracy Council]] was launched on September 16, 2019, with [[Joshua Wong]] and other Hong Kong opposition figures attending the opening reception. The council was formed with the aim of “pushing the US to uphold its commitment to Hong Kong’s basic freedoms and autonomy and ''to preserve the US’s own political and economic interests in Hong Kong''.” The majority of HKDC’s advisory board is made up of members of the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]], the [[Open Society Foundation]], the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], and [[Freedom House]].<ref>{{News citation|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2019/11/22/hong-kong-opposition-unites-washington-hardliners/|title=Hong Kong’s opposition unites with Washington hardliners to ‘preserve the US’s own political and economic interests’|author=Ajit Singh|newspaper=[[The Grayzone]]|date=2019-11-22}}</ref>

Between 1995 and 2013, HKHRM (The Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor) received more than $1.9 million in funds from the NED.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/hong-kong-protests/259202/|author=Alexander Rubinstein|title=American Gov’t, NGOs Fuel and Fund Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Protests|date=2019-06-13|newspaper=Mintpress News}}</ref>

The riots were supported by [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]] who had fought for the US-backed [[Azov Battalion]].<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[The Grayzone]]|title=Ukrainian neo-Nazis flock to the Hong Kong protest movement|date=2019-12-04|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2019/12/04/ukrainian-nazis-hong-kong-protests/|retrieved=2022-04-15}}</ref>

In 2020, it was revealed that right-wing separatist “Kong Tsung-gan” was actually a Statesian teacher wearing yellowface.<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Max Blumenthal]]|newspaper=The Grayzone|title=Western media’s favorite Hong Kong ‘freedom struggle writer’ is American ex-Amnesty staffer in yellowface|date=2020-08-08|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2020/08/08/hong-kong-western-media-yellowfacing-amnesty/|retrieved=2022-04-15}}</ref>

==== Violence ====
A rioter murdered an unarmed 70 year-old street cleaner by throwing a brick at his head.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3041606/hong-kong-police-offer-hk800000-reward-information-find|date=2019-12-11|title=Hong Kong police offer HK$800,000 reward for information to find killer of cleaner hit by brick during clash between protesters and Sheung Shui residents|author=Clifford Lo|newspaper=SCMP}}</ref>

A rioter set fire to an unarmed civilian and burned him alive.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3037243/hong-kong-father-two-burned-alive-after-chasing|title=Hong Kong father of two ‘burned alive’ after chasing protesters at MTR station in grisly act of violence police classify as attempted murder|author=Clifford Lo|date=2019-12-11|newspaper=SMCP}}</ref> The civilian survived, although his condition is unknown.

Rioters threw [[Molotov cocktails]] at unarmed civilians.<ref>{{News citation|title-url=https://twitter.com/carlzha/status/1158548139319496706?s=21|title=That escalated quickly, Molotov cocktail now used by protesters to block Road in Hong Kong|author=Carl Zha|date=2019-08-06}}</ref>

Rioters fired flaming arrows at police.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/11/17/hong-kong-protesters-shoot-arrows-police-violence-intensifies/4222011002/|title=Hong Kong protesters with bows, arrows battle police for control of university, dozens arrested|author=John Bacon|date=2019-11-17|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref>

Rioters vandalized 138 of the 161 rail stations in Hong Kong and destroyed lifts used by [[Disability|disabled]] people.<ref>{{News citation|author=Kenny Coyle|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Hong Kong: truth is out|date=2022-07-16|url=https://mronline.org/2022/07/16/hong-kong-truth-is-out/|retrieved=2022-07-16}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Targets of regime change operations]]
[[Category:Targets of bourgeois media]]

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2023-05-24T09:42:35Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: A basic description of how HK differs from the mainland

{{External article cleanup|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement|conventional_long_name=Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|native_name=中华人民共和国香港特别行政区 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó xiāng gǎng tè bié xíng zhèng qū|settlement_type=Special Administrative Region|image_map=Hong kong map.svg|image_map_size=220px|population_census=7,413,070|population_census_year=2021|area_km2=2,754.97|image_flag=Hong Kong Flag.png}}
'''Hong Kong''', officially the '''Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China''' (also known as '''Hong Kong SAR''' or '''HKSAR'''; Chinese: 香港) is a special administrative region of [[People's Republic of China|China]] on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. Another special administrative region of China is [[Macao Special Administrative Region|Macao]].

As a special administrative region, Hong Kong has its own government with a large degree of autonomy. In general, capitalists, both native and foreign, are less restricted in their business ventures than they would be on the Chinese mainland. Hong Kong also has its own currency, the Hong Kong dollar, instead of the Chinese Yuan used on the mainland.

== History ==
Hong Kong was one of the territories occupied by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] during the century of humiliation. After the Opium Wars, the UK forced the [[Qing dynasty (1636–1912)|Qing Dynasty]] to sign a treaty signing over various territories. In 1898 a treaty was negotiated giving the British Empire control of Hong Kong for exactly 99 years rent-free.

The governor of British Hong Kong was appointed by the Prime Minister of the UK directly. All governors of British Hong Kong were white Europeans born in the British Isles, and the first governor to speak Chinese was in 1982 (15 years before the end of British rule in Hong Kong). Under British rule, Hong Kong never held a single election and all positions of government were appointed hierarchically by the governor.

In 1997, Hong Kong was handed over back to China. In December 2019, 68% of residents said they would not support Hong Kong becoming independent and only 17% said they would.<ref>{{News citation|author=Felix Tam, Clare Jim|newspaper=Reuters|title=Exclusive: Support for Hong Kong protesters' demands rises even as coronavirus halts rallies: poll|date=2020-03-27|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-protests-poll/exclusive-support-for-hong-kong-protesters-demands-rises-even-as-coronavirus-halts-rallies-poll-idUSKBN21E11L|retrieved=2022-04-15}}</ref>

=== 1967 Hong Kong uprising ===
The Hong Kong 1967 riots, also known as the anti-British riots, broke out in Hong Kong in May 1967. Under the influence of the [[cultural revolution]] in mainland China, communists in Hong Kong launched a rebellion against the British colonial government. The incident transformed from an initial strike and demonstration into an open rebellion, involving assassinations and bombings. As a result, 51 people lost their lives directly in the riot, and more than 800 others were injured.<ref>{{Citation|title-url=https://history.sohu.com/20140605/n400463137.shtml|title=Hong Kong Red Guards riot British fears want early return of Hong Kong|trans-title=香港红卫兵暴动英国恐惧想提前香港回归|author=枫网|trans-lang=Traditional Chinese|date=2014-06-05}}</ref>

=== 2019 Hong Kong riots ===

==== Murder of Poon Hiu-wing ====
On 2018 February 17, Chan Tong-kai murdered his girlfriend Poon Hiu-wing in a hotel room in Taipei, [[Taiwan Province]]. Afterwards, he escaped to Hong Kong before her body was found.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-11-06/Five-things-to-know-about-murder-case-behind-Hong-Kong-s-mass-protests-LnBGj6jMNW/index.html|title=Five things to know about murder case behind Hong Kong's mass protests|author=Li Zhao|date=2019-11-06|newspaper=[[China Global Television Network]]}}</ref> Since Hong Kong hasn't signed any extradition agreements with any parts of China, the government had no ability to extradite him to face trial in the Taiwan Province, and they also could not try him in Hong Kong because he did not commit any crimes while in Hong Kong.<ref name=":0" />

==== Extradition Bill ====
The Hong Kong government responded to this problem by trying to sign an extradition agreement with the PRC and [[Republic of China|ROC]] governments. An extradition bill, titled "''Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019''", was gazetted on 2019 March 29.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr18-19/english/bills/b201903291.htm|title=Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019|author=Legislative Council of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/202112221220507/https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr18-19/english/bills/b201903291.htm|archive-date=2021-12-21}}</ref> The bill was aimed at targeting people who were in Hong Kong, but who had committed crimes elsewhere in China, by allowing their extradition. Despite the claims of many subsequent opponents of the bill, it never allowed for people who had committed crimes in Hong Kong to be extradited out of Hong Kong.

The HKSAR Government later issued the following statement on October 2019:<blockquote>Chan will be a free man after being released from jail. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government has no authority to impose any restrictive measures on him.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-10-23/HK-or-Taiwan-Debate-over-possible-trial-location-of-murder-case-L1RY90fp84/index.html|author=He Weiwei|date=2019-10-24|title=Hong Kong or Taiwan? Debate over possible trial location of murder case|newspaper=[[China Global Television Network]]}}</ref></blockquote>

==== United States involvement ====
The proposal of this bill was then capitalized on by foreign governments, mainly the [[United States of America]].

In August 2019, Julie Eadeh, a US diplomat in Hong Kong, was caught meeting HK protest leaders.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2019/08/17/hong-kong-protest-washington-nativism-violence/|date=2019-08-17|author=Dan Cohen|title=Behind a made-for-TV Hong Kong protest narrative, Washington is backing nativism and mob violence|newspaper=The Grayzone}}</ref>

Leaders of Hong Kong’s opposition have spent years cultivating close relationships with US politicians. They have met with Ted Cruz, Josh Hawley, Marco Rubio, and Rick Scott, and Tom Cotton.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2020/06/09/hong-kongs-far-right-us-politicians-crush-black-lives-matter/|date=2020-06-09|author=Ajit Singh|newspaper=The Grayzone|title=Hong Kong’s ‘pro-democracy’ movement allies with far-right US politicians that seek to crush Black Lives Matter}}</ref>

The [[Hong Kong Democracy Council]] was launched on September 16, 2019, with [[Joshua Wong]] and other Hong Kong opposition figures attending the opening reception. The council was formed with the aim of “pushing the US to uphold its commitment to Hong Kong’s basic freedoms and autonomy and ''to preserve the US’s own political and economic interests in Hong Kong''.” The majority of HKDC’s advisory board is made up of members of the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]], the [[Open Society Foundation]], the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], and [[Freedom House]].<ref>{{News citation|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2019/11/22/hong-kong-opposition-unites-washington-hardliners/|title=Hong Kong’s opposition unites with Washington hardliners to ‘preserve the US’s own political and economic interests’|author=Ajit Singh|newspaper=[[The Grayzone]]|date=2019-11-22}}</ref>

Between 1995 and 2013, HKHRM (The Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor) received more than $1.9 million in funds from the NED.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/hong-kong-protests/259202/|author=Alexander Rubinstein|title=American Gov’t, NGOs Fuel and Fund Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Protests|date=2019-06-13|newspaper=Mintpress News}}</ref>

The riots were supported by [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]] who had fought for the US-backed [[Azov Battalion]].<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[The Grayzone]]|title=Ukrainian neo-Nazis flock to the Hong Kong protest movement|date=2019-12-04|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2019/12/04/ukrainian-nazis-hong-kong-protests/|retrieved=2022-04-15}}</ref>

In 2020, it was revealed that right-wing separatist “Kong Tsung-gan” was actually a Statesian teacher wearing yellowface.<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Max Blumenthal]]|newspaper=The Grayzone|title=Western media’s favorite Hong Kong ‘freedom struggle writer’ is American ex-Amnesty staffer in yellowface|date=2020-08-08|url=https://thegrayzone.com/2020/08/08/hong-kong-western-media-yellowfacing-amnesty/|retrieved=2022-04-15}}</ref>

==== Violence ====
A rioter murdered an unarmed 70 year-old street cleaner by throwing a brick at his head.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3041606/hong-kong-police-offer-hk800000-reward-information-find|date=2019-12-11|title=Hong Kong police offer HK$800,000 reward for information to find killer of cleaner hit by brick during clash between protesters and Sheung Shui residents|author=Clifford Lo|newspaper=SCMP}}</ref>

A rioter set fire to an unarmed civilian and burned him alive.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3037243/hong-kong-father-two-burned-alive-after-chasing|title=Hong Kong father of two ‘burned alive’ after chasing protesters at MTR station in grisly act of violence police classify as attempted murder|author=Clifford Lo|date=2019-12-11|newspaper=SMCP}}</ref> The civilian survived, although his condition is unknown.

Rioters threw [[Molotov cocktails]] at unarmed civilians.<ref>{{News citation|title-url=https://twitter.com/carlzha/status/1158548139319496706?s=21|title=That escalated quickly, Molotov cocktail now used by protesters to block Road in Hong Kong|author=Carl Zha|date=2019-08-06}}</ref>

Rioters fired flaming arrows at police.<ref>{{News citation|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/11/17/hong-kong-protesters-shoot-arrows-police-violence-intensifies/4222011002/|title=Hong Kong protesters with bows, arrows battle police for control of university, dozens arrested|author=John Bacon|date=2019-11-17|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref>

Rioters vandalized 138 of the 161 rail stations in Hong Kong and destroyed lifts used by [[Disability|disabled]] people.<ref>{{News citation|author=Kenny Coyle|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=Hong Kong: truth is out|date=2022-07-16|url=https://mronline.org/2022/07/16/hong-kong-truth-is-out/|retrieved=2022-07-16}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Targets of regime change operations]]
[[Category:Targets of bourgeois media]]

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

2023-05-24T08:25:57Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: Mention of IS - K

{{Infobox country|name=Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|native_name=د افغانستان اسلامي امارت‎|image_flag=Flag of Afghanistan.png|largest_city=Kabul|capital=Kabul|leader_title1=Amir al-Mu'minin|leader_name1=Hibatullah Akhundzada|image_map=Afghanistan map.svg|map_width=260|GDP_PPP=USD $72.911 billion|GDP_PPP_per_capita=USD $2,024|government_type=Islamic Emirate|population_estimate=32,225,560|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]] (semi-[[feudalism|feudal]])}}

The '''Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan''' (د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت), also known as '''Afghanistan''' (افغانستان), is a country in [[Central Asia]].

Currently active communist parties in the country include the [[Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan]].

== History ==

=== British invasion ===
The [[United Kingdom]] invaded Afghanistan for a third time in 1919, leading [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Soviet Russia]] to establish the first diplomatic relations with Afghanistan and recognize its borders. When the British tried to assassinate Afghan leader [[Amanullah Khan]] in 1920, the RSFSR and Afghanistan signed a non-aggression pact.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Proletarian (newspaper)|Proletarian]]|title=The October Revolution and the east|date=2018-04-21|url=https://thecommunists.org/2018/04/21/news/the-october-revolution-and-the-east/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517164416/https://thecommunists.org/2018/04/21/news/the-october-revolution-and-the-east/|archive-date=2022-05-17|retrieved=2022-12-27}}</ref>

=== Democratic Republic and civil war ===
In 1978, the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] was formed.

After a long war between the DRA and the [[Mujahideen]], [[Operation Cyclone|armed and funded]] by the [[United States of America|USA]], the government was lost to the Mujahideen terrorist organization in 1992.

In 1994, a group of students in Kandahar founded the [[Taliban]], which managed to overthrow the USA puppet Mujahideen government by 1996.

=== U.S. invasion ===
{{Main article|War in Afghanistan}}
In 2001, after Mujahideen members carried out the [[September 11 attacks|9/11 attacks]] in New York, the USA invaded Afghanistan to support the Mujahideen, telling the American public that the Taliban were the real perpetrators. From 2002 to 2021 the Mujahideen had control of most of the country and was the officially recognized government by most countries.

In 2011, journalist [[Julian Assange]] claimed that "The goal is an endless war, not a successful war" to enrich the "transnational security elite"<ref>Wikileaks on Twitter: [https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/1427929346262642688 Julian Assange speaking in 2011: "The goal is to use Afghanistan to wash money out of the tax bases of the US and Europe through Afghanistan and back into the hands of a transnational security elite. The goal is an endless war, not a successful war" #Afghanistan]</ref>

According to [[WikiLeaks]], the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] sought to sway public sentiment in favor of the Afghan war by promoting stories of how the US occupation is 'good for women'.<ref>[https://rokfin.com/stream/8488/LIVE-Wikileaks-Exposes-CIA-Woke-Imperialism-Propaganda-In-Afghanistan LIVE: Wikileaks Exposes CIA Woke Imperialism Propaganda In Afghanistan] by [[Jackson Hinkle]] on [[Rokfin]]</ref><ref>[https://www.commondreams.org/views/2010/07/31/cia-document-calls-using-afghan-women-messengers-humanize-war CIA Document Calls For Using Afghan Women as Messengers to Humanize the War] by Lucinda Marshall on [[Common Dreams]]</ref>

In 2021, after US president [[Joe Biden|Biden]] announced a full troop withdrawal from Afghanistan<ref>[https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2573268/biden-announces-full-us-troop-withdrawal-from-afghanistan-by-sept-11/ Biden Announces Full U.S. Troop Withdrawal From Afghanistan by Sept. 11]</ref>, the Taliban retook the entirety of Afghanistan with little to no fighting.<ref>[https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/the-fall-of-kabul-beginning-of-taliban-2-0/2311839/ The Fall of Kabul: Beginning of Taliban 2.0] by Financial Express</ref> This move has been described as a strategic repositioning by the US, likely to seek to destabilize the [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] and [[Russian Federation|Russian]] efforts to develop the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|Shanghai Cooperation Organization]].<ref>[https://youtu.be/QiF3TQZSxhs Inside US Afghanistan pullout, CIA opium ratline, pipeline conflict, new cold war] by [[The Grayzone]] with guest journalist [[Pepe Escobar]]</ref> Former Prime Minister of the [[Imperialism|imperialist]] UK [[Tony Blair]] called the US withdrawal from Afghanistan "imbicilic" and criticized the slogan "forever wars", illustrating the UK's support for continued imperialist activity in Afghanistan.<ref>[https://youtu.be/vjJyfMsDFjo War Criminal Tony Blair: Afghanistan Withdrawal "Imbecilic"] | [[Richard Medhurst]] for [[RT (TV network)|RT]]</ref>

On August 26, 2021, there was a suicide bombing at the Kabul airport. It's likely that this attack was carried out with either tacit approval or explicit involvement of US proxies, given that the threat of the attack was known beforehand. It is also a potentially convenient excuse for imperialist militaries to remain in Afghanistan, despite the Taliban demand to withdraw by 31 August.<ref>[https://youtu.be/LQPGqeb8Ikg Blast Rocks Kabul Airport] by [[Richard Medhurst]]</ref>

The Taliban administration continue to fight an armed struggle against Islamic State - Khorasan Province, a group aligned with ISIL.

The US [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] are currently driving Afghanistan to famine.<ref>{{News citation|title=How U.S. sanctions are driving Afghanistan to famine|url=https://news.yahoo.com/u-sanctions-driving-afghanistan-famine-105210718.html}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Global south]]
<references />
[[Category:Countries sanctioned by the US]]
[[Category:Asian countries]]
[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]]

Yasukuni Shrine

2023-05-23T10:47:04Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: A mention of Korean conscripts

Yasukuni Shrine (Japanese:靖国神社 Hiragana:やすくにじんじゃ) was established in 1869 to commemorate those who died on the battlefield for [[Japan]], but in fact it is dedicated to many war criminals who committed serious crimes in [[World War II]].

== Consecration of war criminals ==
Yasukuni Shrine is dedicated to the 2.5 million Japanese soldiers who died in battle, 2.1 million of whom died in World War II. Almost every Japanese Prime Minister visits Yasukuni Shrine.
[[File:43a7d933c895d143ad2632997bf082025aaf0733.jpg|thumb|Japanese cabinet minister visits Yasukuni Shrine]]
Fourteen Class A war criminals tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East are enshrined in the Yasukuni Shrine. These are all mass murderers whose crimes are so numerous that it can be said that their existence is a disgrace to Japan and a disgrace to humanity as a whole.

Yasukuni also has Korean conscripts of the Imperial Japanese armed forces enshrined there, against the wishes of the living relatives of these Koreans.

== Attacked ==
A Chinese national, [[Liu Qiang]], arrived at Yasukuni Shrine on 26 December 2011 and flew to [[South Korea]] on a plane after setting fire to it. The fire did not cause any casualties. In South Korea, he then set fire to the Japanese Consulate in South Korea. South Korea sentenced him to ten months in prison and refused to extradite him to Japan.

Liu Qiang said that his grandmother was forced into [[Comfort women|sexual slavery]] for the Japanese army during World War II. His grandfather was brutally murdered by the Japanese while participating in a movement to resist Japanese aggression.
[[File:6f061d950a7b02085328fe3364d9f2d3562cc87b.jpg|thumb]]
On 22 September 2013, a South Korean man was arrested by Japanese police for breaking into Yasukuni Shrine and attempting to set fire to it.
[[Category:Japan]]

Islamic Republic of Iran

2023-05-23T10:27:00Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: A paragraph on Iranian foreign relations

{{Infobox country|name=Islamic Republic of Iran|native_name=جمهوری اسلامی ایران|largest_city=Tehran|image_coat=Emblem of Iran.svg|capital=Tehran|mode_of_production=[[State capitalism]]|government_type=Capitalist presidential republic|leader_title1=Leader<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://en.mfa.ir/portal/viewpage/3996|author=Islamic Republic of Iran|title=General View of Iran}}</ref>|leader_title2=President|established_date1=1979 Feb 12th|population_estimate_year=2017|population_estimate=79,926,270|religion=Islam|official_languages=Persian|national_motto=Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic|image_map=Iran map.svg|map_width=290|leader_name2=Dr. Hassan Rohani|established_event1=[[Iranian revolution]]|leader_name4=Mohammad Ghalibaf|leader_name3=Eshaq Jahangiri|leader_title4=Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly|leader_title3=Vice President|leader_name1=Great Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei|currency=Iranian Rial|area_km2=1,648,195|image_flag=Flag of Iran.svg}}
The '''Islamic Republic of Iran''', also called '''Persia'''<ref name="Fishman">{{Citation|author=Joshua A. Fishman|year=2010|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity: Disciplinary and Regional Perspectives (Volume 1)|page=266|isbn=978-0-19-537492-6|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote="Iran" and "Persia" are synonymous. The former has always been used by the Iranian speaking peoples themselves, while the latter has served as the international name of the country in various languages}}</ref> and '''Iran''', is a country in Western Asia. It is the second-largest country in the [[Middle East]], and its capital and largest city is [[Tehran]]. The modern government of Iran is an [[Islamic republic]] that includes elements of a [[Presidential system|presidential democracy]], which was installed by a [[Iranian Revolution|popular revolution]] against the [[United States of America|USA]]-backed monarchy of the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah]].

Iran is a frequent target of US and NATO aggression, which is justified through fearmongering over the prospect of Iran starting a nuclear war, despite them having no motive to do so. The acts of aggression perpetrated by NATO include the use of sanctions to restrict access to essentials such as medicine, which harms the entire population. Because of this, Iran often forms strategic alliances with other anti-NATO forces, including Russia, Syria, Hezbollah and some Marxist-Leninist organisations such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). However, it should be noted that the Iranian state is capitalist and therefore actively suppresses Marxist ideology within Iran itself.

Iran's geography makes it geo-strategically important for the modern global oil markets, as it is the northern coast of the Straight of Hormuz which is a maritime chokepoint through which a third of the world's liquefied natural gas and a quarter of global oil trade passes through.

Iran's economy is dominated by state-owned enterprises, which make up 60% of the total GDP.

A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious foundations called Bonyad, whose combined budgets represent more than 30 percent of central government spending.<ref name="GSO">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/mjf.htm Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan Oppressed and Disabled Veterans Foundation (MJF)]. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved February 6, 2011.</ref>

Historically, Iran has had ties with the Black liberation movement and the [[Nation of Islam]].<ref>[https://historicly.substack.com/p/the-nation-of-islamic-republic-of?justPublished=true The Nation of Islamic Republic of Iran with Setareh Sadeqi] on Historic.ly podcast by Esha Krishnaswamy and Robert Grannies - Aug 22</ref>

==History==

=== Early history ===
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,<ref>{{Citation|author=Christopher Whatley|year=2001|title=Bought and Sold for English Gold: The Union of 1707|publisher=Tuckwell Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=Lowell Barrington|year=2012|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices, 2nd ed.tr: Structures and Choices|page=121|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLLuWYL8gTsC&pg=PA121|isbn=978-1-111-34193-0|publisher=Cengage Learning}}</ref> beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE.

=== Pahlavi monarchy ===
In 1953, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] overthrew democratically elected prime minister [[Mohammad Mossaddegh]] after he threatened to nationalize the oil industry, which would decrease profits for British companies.<ref>{{Citation|author=Scott A. Koch|year=1998|title=THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND THE FALL OF IRANIAN PRIME MINISTER MOHAMMED MOSSADEQ, AUGUST 1953|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran980600.pdf|city=Washington, DC|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> After the coup, Mossaddegh was replaced by the autocrat Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

=== Islamic Republic ===
After the 1979 Iranian revolution, the Bonyads were nationalized and renamed with the declared intention of redistributing income to the poor and families of martyrs.<ref>https://www.mei.edu/publications/iranian-para-governmental-organizations-bonyads</ref>

In January 2020, the United States assassinated General [[Qasem Soleimani]] with a drone strike.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Tom O'Connor, James Laporta|date=2020-01-02|title=Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike|url=https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|newspaper=Newsweek|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103030530/https://www.newsweek.com/iraq-militia-official-killed-us-iran-tensions-1480181|archive-date=2020-01-03|retrieved=2022-01-03}}</ref>

In June 2022, Iran signed a bilateral trade agreement with the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] at the Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[TeleSur]]|title=Iran and Donetsk Sign Agreement To Strengthen Trade Relations|date=2022-06-18|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Iran-and-Donetsk-Sign-Agreement-To-Strengthen-Trade-Relations-20220618-0007.html}}</ref> Iran also signed a cooperation plan with [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]] and Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]] said that Iran and Venezuela "have closer ties with each other than any other country."<ref>{{News citation|author=[[Benjamin Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Venezuela and Iran sign 20-year cooperation plan, Maduro pledges joint ‘anti-imperialist struggle’|date=2022-06-11|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624234526/https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-date=2022-06-24|retrieved=2022-06-28}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Members of the Non-Aligned Movement]]
[[Category:Targets of regime change operations]]
[[Category:Countries targeted by imperialist aggression]]
[[Category:Global south]]
[[Category:Asian countries]]
[[Category:Countries targeted by CIA coups]]

Fascism

2022-03-26T22:32:22Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: /* German fascism */

'''Fascism''' is a [[reactionary]] movement led by finance capital,<ref>{{Citation|author=Georgi Dimitrov|year=1935|title=The fascist offensive and the tasks of the Communist International in the struggle of the working class against fascism|chapter=The class character of fascism|page=|quote=No, fascism is not a power standing above class, nor government of the petty bourgeoisie or the lumpen-proletariat over finance capital. '''Fascism is the power of finance capital itself'''. It is the organization of terrorist vengeance against the working class and the revolutionary section of the peasantry and intelligentsia.|pdf=|city=|publisher=Main Report delivered at the 7th World Congress of the Communist International|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/dimitrov/works/1935/08_02.htm|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref><ref>{{News citation|title=Encyclopedia of Marxism|url=https://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/f/a.htm#fascism}}</ref> which tends to emerge during periods of economic crisis in [[Imperialism|imperialist]] countries.<ref>{{Citation|author=William I. Robinson|year=2019|title=Global capitalist crisis and twenty-first century fascism: beyond the Trump hype|quote=Fascism, whether in its classical 20th-century form or possible variants of 21st-century neo-fascism, is a particular response to capitalist crisis, such as that of the 1930s and the one that began with the financial meltdown of 2008. Global capitalism is facing an organic crisis involving an intractable structural dimension, that of overaccumulation, and a political dimension, that of legitimacy or hegemony that is approaching a general crisis of capitalist rule.|publisher=Science & Society, 83(2), 155–183|doi=10.1521/siso.2019.83.2.155}}</ref> It usually promotes policies that favor the ever-expanding domination of capital. Its political aspect is marked by pervasive [[anti-communism]], a profound aversion towards [[democracy]], the justification and glorification of [[class society]] through [[class collaboration]], and [[Chauvinism|chauvinistic]] tendencies, namely ultra-nationalism, [[racism]] and [[sexism]]. Fascist ideologues usually promote [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]], irrational myths and manipulative distortions of truth to gather support of their popular base.

Throughout history, the fascists promoted policies that caused even more [[exploitation]] of the [[Proletariat|working class]] than capitalism was ever able to, allowing monopolies to take over every aspect of society. So much so that ''The Economist'' magazine introduced the term ''privatization'' in 1936, unseen in political discourse at the time, to describe [[German fascism|Nazi Germany]]'s economic policies.<ref>{{Citation|author=Germà Bel|year=2006|title=Retrospectives: the coining of “privatization” and Germany's National Socialist Party|chapter=|page=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(3), 187–194|isbn=|doi=10.1257/jep.20.3.187|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=|quote=}}</ref> The most well-known historical examples of fascism are [[German fascism|Nazi Germany]] and [[Italian fascism|Fascist Italy]], but there has been various historical examples of fascism, such as [[Japanese fascism|Shōwa Japan]], [[Spanish fascism|Francoist Spain]] and [[Portuguese fascism|Salazarist Portugal]].

==History==

===Origins===

==== Neitzsche ====
Historian and [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] philosopher [[Domenico Losurdo]] pointed in his work ''Nietzsche, the aristocratic rebel'' that [[Nietzsche]], who was an aristocrat, can be associated with a reactionary trend against the rise of the [[Paris commune]] in 1871.<ref>{{Citation|author=Domenico Losurdo|year=2002|title=Nietzsche, the aristocratic rebel|chapter=|section=|page=26|quote=[In The Birth of Tragedy,] Nietzsche’s preoccupation, or rather his anguish, about a danger not remote or hypothetical, but real and impending, is plainly evident. The reference to the Paris Commune is transparent, an event that a great part of the culture of that time experienced as the threatening announcement of a possible imminent end of culture.|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=9789004270954|doi=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=1BA09395E9E0D69AB9797AC5DEB89851|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> Nietzsche's views were consistently anti-[[Liberalism|liberal]], anti-[[Socialism|socialist]], antidemocratic and even promoted racial hygiene, a tendency which would later inspire fascist movements.<ref>{{Citation|author=Domenico Losurdo|doi=|quote=Even a scholar that moves cautiously on ground alien to him, that of philosophical historiography, and clearly wants to avoid a critical confrontation with the hermeneutics of innocence is forced to acknowledge an essential point regarding Nietzsche interpretations: ‘Much in his work can be interpreted in terms of racial hygiene.’ Other authors are even clearer: with his insistence on the ‘degeneration’ and ‘physiological decline of European humanity’, the philosopher must be placed ‘in the context of the direct preparation of eugenics’. Indeed, in this context, he sadly occupies a privileged position: he represents the ‘turning point’ for the transition from the ‘idea of selection’ to ‘anti-degenerative activism’. The reconstruction of the history behind Hitler’s eugenic and genocidal practices cannot, in this view, ignore Nietzsche, who expressly and peremptorily demanded the ‘suppression of the wretched, the deformed, the degenerate.’|trans-lang=|trans-title=|pdf=|mia=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=1BA09395E9E0D69AB9797AC5DEB89851|publisher=|year=2002|city=|isbn=9789004270954|chapter-url=|title-url=|chapter=|page=731|title=Nietzsche, the aristocratic rebel|section=}}</ref>

The term "fascism" comes from the [[Italian Republic|Italian]] National Fascist Party,<ref group="lower-alpha">Italian: ''Partito Nazionale Fascista''</ref> a party founded by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1921; whose practices and ideology would later define this [[reactionary]] movement as a whole. Mussolini inspired his fascism on the cult of [[Roman civilisation]] who, although they had no concept of fascism and did not care to predict the future two thousand years after their height, provided him with a perfect excuse to call back to the Roman empire, which stretched far and wide and started in modern-day Italy. Thus the name fascism was based on the ''fasces'', an axe that is surrounded and bound to a bundle of sticks and was carried by officials (''lictors'') in political and military demonstrations. This was a symbol of power and authority that Mussolini repurposed for fascism.

The origins of fascism as a counter-revolutionary movement, however, can be traced as far as the [[French Republic|French]] far-right [[French Action]],<ref group="lower-alpha">French: ''Action Française''</ref> which was an openly anti-[[Marxism|Marxist]] political organization established in 1899 proposing an "integral nation" for French society through [[class collaboration]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Ernst Nolte|year=1966|title=Three faces of fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism|chapter=|page=|pdf=|city=New York|publisher=New American Library|isbn=9780451008619|doi=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=082DBA3CA0FEE611DCDB8D2CC1DF350C|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche: Die Action française, Der italienische Faschismus, Der Nationalsozialismus|trans-lang=German}}</ref>

In ''Discourse on colonialism'', [[Aimé Césaire]] exposed the old colonialist mindsets that would later influence fascism and survive after it. This prompted him to write in that same essay that fascism is colonialism applied to the coloniser.<ref>{{Citation|author=Aimé Césaire|year=1950|title=Discourse on colonialism|chapter=|page=36|quote=People are surprised, they become indignant. They say: "How strange! But never mind – it's Nazism, it will pass!" And they wait, and they hope; and they hide the truth from themselves, that it is barbarism, the supreme barbarism, the crowning barbarism that sums up all the daily barbarisms; that it is Nazism, yes, but that before they were its victims, they were its accomplices; that they tolerated that Nazism before it was inflicted on them, that they absolved it, shut their eyes to it, legitimized it, because, until then, it had been applied only to non-European peoples; that they have cultivated that Nazism, that they are responsible for it, and that before engulfing the whole edifice of Western, Christian civilization in its reddened waters, it oozes, seeps, and trickles from every crack.|pdf=https://libcom.org/files/zz_aime_cesaire_robin_d.g._kelley_discourse_on_colbook4me.org_.pdf|city=France|publisher=Réclame|isbn=1583670254|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=Discours sur le colonialisme|trans-lang=|section=}}</ref> A similar observation was made by [[Frantz Fanon]], who wrote: "what is fascism if not colonialism when rooted in a traditionally colonialist country?"<ref>{{Citation|author=Frantz Fanon|year=1961|title=Wretched of the earth|chapter=|section=|page=90|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Grove Press|isbn=9780802150837|doi=|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D2A7D155578D59565375286BA995A79D|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref>

==== Sorel ====
Georges Sorel (1847–1922) was a French syndicalist that contributed and inspired the rise of [[National Syndicalism]] in Italy and Spain. His most famous works centered around the idea of [[myth]]; which he highlights as "forming the center of man’s cosmology and worldview in all ages".<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Rodrigo Sobota|date=2020-10-15|title=Georges Sorel and the Triumphant Return of the Myth|url=https://www.geopolitica.ru/en/article/georges-sorel-and-triumphant-return-myth}}</ref> In 1909, Sorel began to adopt the idea of Integral Nationalism, publishing an article prasing the far-right group [[French Action]] in ''Divenire sociale''—the leading journal for Italian Syndicalists at the time. It received immense praise by [[French Action]]; being reprinted under the name "Antiparliamentary Socialists”, and in 1910 he joined the group. During this time he developed further reactionary ideals, leading him to support Catholic Patriotism and further embedding himself in fascist ideology.<ref>{{Citation|author=Zeev Sternhell|year=1994|title=THE BIRTH OF FASCIST IDEOLOGY|chapter=1–3|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceavi2ziwuqzadtp7fjcw24uvkoix4wzybsibskpjmfbksjcxwblyg?filename=Zeev%20Sternhell%2C%20Mario%20Sznajder%2C%20Maia%20Asheri%20-%20The%20Birth%20of%20Fascist%20Ideology_%20From%20Cultural%20Rebellion%20to%20Political%20Revolution-Princeton%20University%20Press%20%281994%29.pdf|isbn=0-691-03289-0|lg=http://library.lol/main/10886BD4A08A7180CDA3D8B3BED5ADD1}}</ref> Mussolini looked up highly to Sorel and claimed he was his "foremost teacher".<ref>{{News citation|journalist=James H. Meisel|date=1950-03-01|title=A Premature Fascist? ― Sorel and Mussolini|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/106591295000300102?journalCode=prqa&}}</ref>

===Italian fascism===
The Italian fascist government of 1922 was the first known historical example of large-scale privatizations of state-owned enterprises.<ref>{{Citation|author=Germà Bel|year=2011|title=The first privatization: Selling SOEs and privatizing public monopolies in Fascist Italy (1922-1925)|chapter=|page=|quote=Italy’s first Fascist government applied a large-scale privatization policy between 1922 and 1925. [...] These interventions represent one of the earliest and most decisive privatization episodes in the Western world.|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=10.1093/cje/beq051|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref>

===German fascism===
[[German fascism]] was most known for its [[Genocide|genocidal]], [[Expansionism|expansionist]], [[Imperialism|imperialist]] and [[Colonialism|colonialist]] rule under the [[National-socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]] from 1933–1945, culminating in the deaths of at least 30 million people, including 26.6 million Soviet lives.<ref>{{Citation|author=Lieutenant Colonel S.B. Eremenko|year=|title=On the issue of losses of the opposing sides at the Soviet-German front during the Great Patriotic War|chapter=|page=|quote=Today we can state with a certain degree of probability that losses of the Soviet Union amounted to 26.6 million people, including losses of the Armed Forces amounted to 8,668,400 servicemen. The total statistical figure includes not only those killed in action and those who died from wounds and illnesses, but also civilians killed during bombing, artillery shelling and punitive actions, prisoners of war and underground fighters shot and tortured in camps, and those sent away for forced labor in Germany.|pdf=|city=|publisher=Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=https://encyclopedia.mil.ru/encyclopedia/history/more.htm?id=11359251@cmsArticle|chapter-url=|trans-title=К вопросу о потерях противоборствующих сторон на советско-германском фронте в годы Великой Отечественной войны: правда и вымысел|trans-lang=Russian}}</ref> While the word "Nazi" is short for "National socialist", they were capitalists, their name being nothing more than a ploy to gain working-class support. Not only did the German fascists allow the virulent [[exploitation]] of the working people and concentration of capital,<ref>{{Citation|author=Sidney Merlin|year=1943|title=Trends in German economic control since 1933|chapter=|page=207|quote=The party, moreover, facilitates the accumulation of private fortunes and industrial empires by its foremost members and collaborators through "privatization" and other measures, thereby intensifying centralization of economic affairs and government in an increasingly narrow group that may for all practical purposes be termed the national socialist elite.|pdf=|city=|publisher=The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 57|isbn=|doi=10.2307/1882751|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> they adopted a [[Settler colonialism|settler-colonial]] model coupled with [[exploitation colonialism]] and mass terror applied to the [[Europe|European continent]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Thomas Kühne|year=2013|title=Colonialism and the Holocaust: continuities, causations, and complexities|chapter=German colonialism and German peculiarities|page=343|quote=Hitler's writings and speeches, public and private, left no doubt that Lebensraum, or living space, was to be gained on the continent rather than overseas. The German equivalent of British India or French Algeria was not Cameroon, Togo or German Southwest Africa but central and east Europe, as some scholars have reminded the advocates of the salt water colonial paradigm.|pdf=|city=|publisher=Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 15|isbn=|doi=10.1080/14623528.2013.821229|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> The ideological justification for colonization of European peoples by Nazis was promoted as ''[[Lebensraum]]'',<ref group="lower-alpha">English: ''Living space''</ref> and was directly influenced by [[United States of America|Statesian]] genocide of Native peoples through ''[[Manifest Destiny]]''.<ref>{{Citation|author=Robert J. Miller|year=2020|title=Nazi Germany's race laws, the United States, and American Indians|chapter=|page=14|quote=Many of the Lebensraum justifications that Hitler and Nazis used directly echoed the justifications given for American Manifest Destiny. (...) National Socialists took on the mantle of noble colonizers who were fighting against ignoble savages. Not surprisingly, scholars recognize that these Nazi ideas on Lebensraum were largely modeled on late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century understandings of American expansion.|pdf=|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=|lg=http://librarian.libgen.gs/ads.php?md5=77a60b95047d1913f026368bbf9a3225&downloadname=10.2139/ssrn.3541009|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref>

The Nazi Party was beaten into dissolution by the [[Soviet Union]] after the Battle of Berlin in May 1945.
===Japanese fascism===

=== Portuguese fascism ===

===Spanish fascism ===
Following the victory of the [[United Front]] in 1936, a fascist revolt led by General Franco and assisted by invading Germany and Italy, tacitly backed by the rest of the allies, broke out. A civil war lasting three years followed, culminating in the crushing of Republican forces. The regime went on to last three more decades and it is said that the current "reformed" Spanish state is a continuation of the same regime. Notably, Franco reintroduced the king of Spain in 1956 (whose parent was deposed in 1931), and to this day Spain remains a monarchy.

=== Modern fascist movements ===

====2019 coup in Bolivia ====
President [[Evo Morales]] of Bolivia was reelected to this office in October 2019 with 47,08% of total votes. Soon after, opposing fascists called the results into question, helped by fraudulent reports from the [[Organisation of American States]] (OAS), which led to their paramilitary wing causing violence in the streets. After three weeks, Morales agreed to step down and left the country.

Later, accusations of electoral fraud were completely debunked by the same journals that initially reported on them, trusting the OAS.

The new government, led by Jeanine Añez, established a military junta in the country so as to dismantle popular support for MAS (Morales' party). They pushed elections back three times, eventually having them take place in November 2020, a full year after the coup. Their efforts failed, as MAS won the presidential election in 2020 with 55% of all votes (under candidate Luis Arce).

Since his election, Arce's government has announced that they would effectively purge the military's leadership, as their treason was pivotal in letting the coup succeed.

==Ideology and practice==
According to Communist writer and politician [[Rajani Palme Dutt]], fascism was simply the result of a 'negative approach to marxism' with borrowing some tenets from older reactionary schools and ideologies in the respective country. Fascism aims to violently defend decaying capitalism, differing from other capitalist parties only in its methods.

==References==
<references />

===Notes===
<references group="lower-alpha" />

Japan

2022-03-26T05:59:36Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela:

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name=Japan
|native_name=日本
|capital=Tokyo|largest_city=Tokyo|official_languages=Japanese|government_type=Unitary parliamentary monarchy|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|leader_title1=Emperor|leader_name1=Naruhito|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=Yoshihide Suga|area_km2=377,975|population_estimate=125,360,000|population_estimate_year=2021|currency=Japanese yen|image_flag=Flag of Japan.svg}}
'''Japan''' (日本) is an island country in East Asia. Japan spans an archipelago of 6852 islands; the four main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.

The first written mention of the archipelago appears in the Chinese chronicle, ''the Book of Han,'' finished in the 2nd century AD. The country was unified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1931, Japan invaded [[China]], and later in 1937 Japan reignited hostilities, starting [[World War II]]. Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under a seven-year occupation.

Japan is a member of the [[United Nations]], the [[OECD]], and the [[Group of Seven]].

Japan is an ally of the United States, and is also a capitalist country. Japan is a highly economically developed country, but suffers from the wealth inequality inherent in capitalism. Japan also has a problem with ultranationalist groups, one being Nippon Kaigi, of which the previous Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, is a member.

Despite being a capitalist country and geopolitical US ally, the US still saw them as an economic rival in the 1980s due to their rising economic power, and actively sabotaged their economy.

Japan has not invaded another country since World War II, as their constitution forbids them from doing so. However, their military bases are of vital importance for the US to maintain their hegemony in east Asia.

== History ==

=== World War II ===
The 14-year Chinese war of resistance against Japanese aggression began on 18 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.<ref>{{Web citation|journalist=You Yang, Shi Xuchen|date=2020-10-15|title=A look back at China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-15/A-look-back-at-China-s-War-of-Resistance-Against-Japanese-Aggression-SYEXkRUBIQ/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Imperialist countries]]
[[Category:Global north]]

Japan

2022-03-26T05:57:03Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: Info on Japanese politics

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name=Japan
|native_name=日本
|capital=Tokyo|largest_city=Tokyo|official_languages=Japanese|government_type=Unitary parliamentary monarchy|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|leader_title1=Emperor|leader_name1=Naruhito|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=Yoshihide Suga|area_km2=377,975|population_estimate=125,360,000|population_estimate_year=2021|currency=Japanese yen|image_flag=Flag of Japan.svg}}
'''Japan''' (日本) is an island country in East Asia. Japan spans an archipelago of 6852 islands; the four main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.

The first written mention of the archipelago appears in the Chinese chronicle, ''the Book of Han,'' finished in the 2nd century AD. The country was unified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1931, Japan invaded [[China]], and later in 1937 Japan reignited hostilities, starting [[World War II]]. Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under a seven-year occupation.

Japan is a member of the [[United Nations]], the [[OECD]], and the [[Group of Seven]].

Japan is an ally of the United States, and is also a capitalist country. Japan is a highly economically developed country, but suffers from the wealth inequality inherent in capitalism. Japan also has a problem with ultranationalist groups, one being Nippon Kaigi, of which the previous Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, is a member.

Japan has not invaded another country since World War II, as their constitution forbids them from doing so. However, their military bases are of vital importance for the US to maintain their hegemony in east Asia.

== History ==

=== World War II ===
The 14-year Chinese war of resistance against Japanese aggression began on 18 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.<ref>{{Web citation|journalist=You Yang, Shi Xuchen|date=2020-10-15|title=A look back at China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-15/A-look-back-at-China-s-War-of-Resistance-Against-Japanese-Aggression-SYEXkRUBIQ/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Imperialist countries]]
[[Category:Global north]]

Jeremy Corbyn

2022-03-25T21:24:30Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela: Added basic summary

'''Jeremy Bernard Corbyn''' (born 26 May 1949) is a British politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 2015 to 2020.

Corbyn is a social-democrat, though has more Marxist-leaning views than is typical of a social-democrat. Corbyn campaigned against the 2003 US invasion of Iraq and typically supports a non-interventionist foreign policy. Corbyn's views made him a target of sabotage by the neoliberals of the Labour party, leading to him losing the 2019 general election to incumbent Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

2021-02-09T19:44:45Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela:

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Socialist Republic of Vietnam
| native_name = Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
| image_coat = Emblem of Vietnam.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Vietnam.svg
| image_map = Vietnam (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width = 220px
| capital = Hanoi
| largest_city = Ho Chi Minh City
| government_type = [[Marxist-Leninist]] [[socialist state]]
| established_event1 = Reunification and end of US occupation
| established_date1 = 2 July 1976
| population_estimate = 96,208,984
| population_estimate_year = 2019
| leader_title1 = President and General Secretary
| leader_name1 = Nguyễn Phú Trọng
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
| leader_title3 = Prime Minister
| leader_name3 = Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
| leader_title4 = Deputy Prime Minister
| leader_name4 = Trương Hòa Bình
}}

'''Vietnam''', officially the '''Socialist Republic of Vietnam''' is a socialist state on the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia. The 2019 census counted a population of 96,208,984<ref>https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view</ref>. The country borders [[China]] to the north and [[Cambodia]] and [[Laos]] to the west. The capital city is Hanoi while the most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City (also known by it's previous name of Saigon).

=Politics=
Vietnam is a [[Marxism-leninism|Marxist-Leninist]] one party socialist [[republic]]. The ruling party is the [[Communist Party of Vietnam]].

=Economy=
After reunification in 1975 Vietnam became a [[Economic planning|centrally planned]] economy. In the late 1980s the economy was suffering from a decline in [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] aid, the decomposition of the [[Eastern Bloc]] and the effects of the post-war embargo by the [[United States|USA]]. In 1986 the CPV adopted a series of market reforms known as [[Đổi Mới]] which would transition the country to a [[socialist-oriented market economy]].
<references />

=History=
After the second world war, Vietnam became independent from its former colonial rulers, France. However, while the north was under a socialist government led by Ho Chi Minh, the south was under a US puppet dictatorship. This led to the Vietnam war, in which the north fought against the south and the US. The north was also aided by communist guerrilas in the south, called the National Liberation Front, but often known by the nickname of "Viet Cong". The US began withdrawing in 1969, and the south was defeated on April 30th 1975.

Xi Jinping

2020-12-15T01:25:30Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela:

{{Infobox politician
| name = Xi Jinping
| native_name = 习近平
| image = File:Xi Jinping portrait.jpeg
| image_size = 200px
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = Portrait of comrade Xi Jinping
| nationality = [[China|Chinese]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|06|15}}
| birth_place = Beijing, [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| political_line = [[Marxism-leninism]]Mao Zedong Thought
}}
'''Xi Jinping''' (习近平 in chinese) (Born June 1, 1953, Central Shaanxi Province) is the general secretary of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] and chairman of the Central Military Commission. On March 14, 2013, the 12th National People's Congress elected him President of the People's Republic of China in succession to Hu Jintao (胡锦涛 in chinese).

He joined the Communist Party of China in January 1969, and graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in Marxist theory and ideological and political education, and received his doctorate degree in law.

Xi Jinping's specific set of policies and ideals is known as Xi Jinping Thought. This ideology is described in The Governance of China, a three-volume collection of speeches and writings by Xi Jinping.

[[Fidel Castro]] said about Xi Jinping: "Xi Jinping is one of the strongest and most capable revolutionary leaders I have met in my life."<ref>Telesur: "China Is Most Promising Hope for Third World: Fidel" [https://www.telesurenglish.net/opinion/China-Is-Most-Promising-Hope-for-Third-World-Fidel-20171128-0017.html Link]</ref>

People's Republic of China

2020-12-15T00:38:04Z

Fidel Marxlin, CEO of Soviet Vuvuzuela:

'''China''', officially the '''People's Republic of China''' ('''PRC'''), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.4 billion in 2019. It is led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Chinese constitution states that The People's Republic of China "is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants," and that the state organs "apply the principle of democratic centralism."<ref name=":0">Constitution of the People's Republic of China ([https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/China_2018.pdf?lang=en Read in English])</ref>

== Economy ==
The current economy of China is a mixed [[socialist market economy]] which is composed of state-owned enterprises and domestic and foreign private businesses,<ref name=":3">[https://www.invent-the-future.org/2018/10/is-china-still-socialist/ Invent the Future: "Is China Still Socialist?"] </ref>

Since 1990 up until the present day, China has lifted 800 million people out of poverty and claims to be on track to end absolute poverty by the end of 2020.<ref>https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-10-17/China-is-set-to-end-absolute-poverty-by-2020-what-s-next--UF1rzv5WH6/index.html</ref>

Since 2010, China had the world's second-largest economy in terms of nominal GDP, totaling approximately US$13.5 trillion (90 trillion Yuan) as of 2018. In terms of purchasing power parity (PPP GDP). Between 2010 and 2019, China's contribution to global GDP growth has been 25% to 39%.<ref>[https://tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp-growth-annual Trading Economics: "China GDP Annual Growth Rate"]</ref>

In 2020 China announced that it has successfully eradicated absolute poverty.<ref>https://www.qiaocollective.com/en/education/roundup-poverty-alleviation</ref>

== History ==

The People's Republic of China was founded on 1 October 1949 by its first paramount leader, Mao Zedong. This was after the Communist revolutionaries successfully overthrew the Republic of China, led by the Kuomintang, who fled to the island of Taiwan which they still occupy to this day. The Republic of China still claims to be the legitimate government of all of China, but is not recognised as such by the vast majority of the international community.

== References ==
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