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French Communist Party

2025-06-10T14:00:24Z

ComradeSpahija: Updated the page to reflect the current membership (2023 numbers) as opposed to that of 2012. Also added a source for the 2012 membership numbers.

{{Infobox political party|name=French Communist Party|seats1_title=National Assembly|seats1={{Composition bar|8|577|red}}|seats2_title=Senate|seats2={{Composition bar|14|348|red}}|seats3_title=European Parliament|seats3={{Composition bar|0|74|red}}|seats4_title=Presidency of Regional Councils|seats4={{Composition bar|0|17|red}}|seats5_title=Presidency of Departmental Councils|seats5={{Composition bar|0|95|red}}|website=https://www.pcf.fr|colorcode=red|native_name=Parti communiste français|split=[[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]]|headquarters=2, place du Colonel Fabien, Paris, France|newspaper=L'Humanité|student_wing=Union of Communist Students|youth_wing=Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France|political_orientation=[[Communism]] [[Eurocommunism]] [[Democratic socialism]]|european=[[Party of the European Left]]|international=[[IMCWP]] [[Cominform]] (1947–1956) [[Comintern]] (1920—1943)|anthem=The Internationale|abbr=PCF|logo=[[File:Logo_–_Parti_communiste_français_(2018).svg|frameless|175px]]|secretary=[[Fabien Roussel]]|founders=[[Ludovic-Oscar Frossard]] [[Fernand Loriot]] [[Boris Souvarine]] [[Marcel Cachin]] [[Hồ Chí Minh]]|founded=1920 December 30}}{{Communist parties}}

The '''French Communist Party''' ('''PCF''') is a [[Communism|communist]] party in [[French Republic|France]] that has turned to [[revisionism]]. It was founded in 1920 by members of the [[French Section of the Workers' International]] (SFIO).

In 2012, the PCF had 138,000 members, of which 70,000 had paid their membership dues, making it the third largest party in France in terms of membership after [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (LR) and the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (PS).<ref>{{Web citation|author=Gino Delmas|newspaper=L'Express|title=Les primaires à gauche au banc d'essai|date=2011-06-17|url=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202023527/https://www.lexpress.fr/politique//les-primaires-a-gauche-au-banc-d-essai_1003408.html|archive-date=2024-12-02|retrieved=2025-06-10}}</ref> By 2023, the number of members who had paid their membership dues had decreased to 42,237.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=PCF|title=Résultat du vote des communistes pour le choix de la base commune du 39e Congrès du PCF|date=2023-01-29|url=https://www.pcf.fr/resultat_du_vote_des_communistes_pour_le_choix_de_la_base_commune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330084542/https://www.pcf.fr/resultat_du_vote_des_communistes_pour_le_choix_de_la_base_commune|archive-date=2023-03-30|retrieved=2025-06-10}}</ref> Since the end of the Second World War, it has participated in three governments: the provisional government of the Liberation (1944–1947), at the beginning of [[François Mitterrand]]'s presidency (1981–1984), and in the Plural Left cabinet led by [[Lionel Jospin]] (1997–2002).

==History==
[[File:PCF_HQ.jpg|thumb|390x390px|The headquarters of the PCF in Paris]]In 1920, during the Tours Congress of the [[Socialism|socialist]] French Section of the Workers' International, a resolution was adopted by the majority of the SFIO to join the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]] and become a truly revolutionary party. However, the [[Opportunism|opportunist]] leadership of the party wished to remain in the equally opportunist [[Second International]], which led to a split in which the majority of the party left and formed the French Communist Party.<ref>{{Citation|year=1979|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|title-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/French+Section+of+the+Workers%27+International|chapter=French Socialist Party}}</ref>

Following its founding, the PCF spent the 1920s growing as a party, helped by the advice of the Comintern and [[Vladimir Lenin]], and successfully managed to strengthen its ties to the masses whilst purging its [[Social democracy|social democratic]] and [[anarchosyndicalist]] factions. [[Pierre Semard]] became general secretary in 1924 and for the rest of the 1920s the party focussed on building a united front for socialism and opposing French [[Imperialism|imperialist]] actions such as anti-[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] aggression and [[Colonialism|colonialist]] wars in [[Kingdom of Morocco|Morocco]] and [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=R. S. Varfolomeeva|year=1979|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|title-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/French+Communist+Party|chapter=French Communist Party}}</ref>

[[Maurice Thorez]] became general secretary in 1930 and in the 1930s with the threat of [[fascism]] and war looming, the PCF formed a united front with the SFIO and other socialist parties to organize the Popular Front. In the 1936 elections the PCF received 1.5 million votes and the Popular Front came to power from 1936 to 1938, though the PCF itself did not participate in this government. The PCF was banned by the French government on September 26, 1939 and went underground, but when France was occupied by [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] during the [[Second World War]], the PCF played a leading role in the resistance, losing 75,000 members throughout the war.<ref name=":0" />

After the war, the PCF was one of France's largest and most popular parties due to its role in the resistance and for that period received over 20% of the vote in elections. The PCF was included in government from 1944 to 1947, with Thorez as Deputy Prime Minister, but in May 1947 all communists were removed from office due to pressure from the [[United States of America|United States]]. As part of the government the PCF succeeded in passing some minor reforms, however, this small win contributed to giving the party the false belief that socialism was possible to achieve via [[bourgeois democracy]], signalling the PCF's full descent into revisionism.<ref name=":0" />

When the war of [[national liberation]] began in [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]] in 1945 the PCF adopted a [[Chauvinism|chauvinist]] position of wanting the negotiate a peaceful settlement with the [[Viet Minh]] which would see Vietnam remaining as part of a "French Union". The PCF only shifted to a more [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] position once they were kicked out of government and even then it was only because they saw it as a "useless fight". This support for [[imperialism]] continued into [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria|Algeria]]'s independence struggle in 1954, a struggle which the PCF considered to be [[terrorism]] and against the PCF's policy of supporting the French Republic.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Selim Nadi|newspaper=Jacobin|title=The Communists and the Colonized|date=2016-10-29|url=https://jacobin.com/2016/10/pcf-french-communists-sfio-algeria-vietnam-ho-chi-minh/}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Communist parties]]
[[Category:French Communist Party]]
[[Category:Political parties in France]]

Paris

2025-06-10T06:22:27Z

ComradeSpahija: added "references" heading

'''Paris''' is the capital city of [[French Republic|France]], and is the political and economic centre of the country. Due to France's [[Jacobinism|Jacobin]] heritage, much of the country's infrastructure is built in a "star network" centred around Paris. The city is home to 2,165,423 people as of 2019,<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=INSEE|title=Populations légales 2019: 75 Paris|date=2021-12-??|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep75.pdf|retrieved=2025-06-09}}</ref> and its functional area (''aire d'attraction'') is home to 13,024,518 people, or 19.5% of the French population.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Marie-Pierre de Bellefon, Pascal Eusebio, Jocelyn Forest, Olivier Pégaz-Blanc, Raymond Warnod|newspaper=INSEE|title=En France, neuf personnes sur dix vivent dans l’aire d’attraction d’une ville|date=2020-10-21|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4806694|retrieved=2025-06-09}}</ref>

== History ==
The site of Paris was inhabited ever since prehistoric times, with the city of Lutetia being founded in the 3rd century BCE by a Gallic tribe named the Parisii.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Paris (national capital, France)|date=Last updated 2025-06-05|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Paris|retrieved=2025-06-09}}</ref> After the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] conquest of Gaul, it became a moderately influential Roman town and spread to the left bank of the river Seine, though Lugdunum (now the site of [[Lyon]]) was the capital of Roman Gaul.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Gaul (ancient region, Europe)|date=Last updated 2025-05-09|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gaul-ancient-region-Europe|retrieved=2025-06-09}}</ref> Following the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] and the Frankish conquest of Gaul, Paris became the capital of the Frankish kingdom for around a century, but it was not until the election of Hugh Capet, count of Paris, as king of France in 987 that the city stayed durably the capital.<ref name=":0" />

During the French [[Wars of religion|Wars of Religion]], Paris was the site of many events including the 1572 Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day. In the following centuries, French kings would build monuments in the rapidly expanding city, despite king Louis XIV de Bourbon deciding to move the seat of government from Paris to Versailles.<ref name=":0" />

Paris was the stage of most major events of the [[French Revolution]], such as the storming of the Bastille, the abolition of the monarchy, the execution of Louis Capet (Louis XVI de Bourbon) and many coups d'état such as those that would give way to the Thermidor reaction in 1794 and the [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Bonapartist]] regime in 1799.<ref name=":0" /> The various regimes that followed would each attempt to shape Paris, most notably during the [[Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte|Second Empire]] when Georges-Eugène Haussmann would expand and gentrify the capital, notably by creating large boulevards in order to prevent future uprisings from building barricades.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Kim Willsher|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Story of cities #12: Haussmann rips up Paris – and divides France to this day|date=2016-03-31|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/31/story-cities-12-paris-baron-haussmann-france-urban-planner-napoleon|retrieved=2025-06-09}}</ref>

Following the French defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] in 1870, the worker-led National Guard which had defended Paris from the Prussians established the [[Paris Commune]] on 18 March 1871, in opposition to the reactionary bourgeois government of the [[Third French Republic]] led by [[Adolphe Thiers]]. The Commune established many progressive policies, but was short-lived, as the armies of the bourgeois republic and of the newly founded [[German Empire (1871–1918)|German Empire]] entered the city between 21 and 28 May 1871, massacring the Communards.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Richard Becker|newspaper=Liberation School|title=Vive La Commune! The Paris Commune 150 years later|date=2021-03-18|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/vive-la-commune-the-paris-commune-150-years-later/|retrieved=2025-06-09}}</ref> It was later analysed by Marx and Engels as the first example of a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels|year=1871|title=The Civil War in France|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/index.htm|chapter=On the 20th Anniversary of the Paris Commune (1891 postscript by Engels)|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/postscript.htm}}</ref>

== References ==

Phuong DPRK Daily

2025-06-09T17:19:10Z

ComradeSpahija: Updating to reflect the fact that the user no longer posts videos due to their diagnosis, and that the channel was since banned.

'''Phuong DPRK Daily''' is a [[Federal Republic of Germany|German]] pro-[[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|DPRK]] [[YouTube]] channel. It uploads every day about the news, history, culture, and politics of the DPRK.<ref>{{Web citation|author=푸옹 Phuong DPRK Daily|newspaper=YouTube|title=About|date=2019-07-29|url=https://www.youtube.com/c/%ED%91%B8%EC%98%B9PhuongDPRKDaily/about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023052022/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVBfIU1_zO-P_R9keEGdDHQ/about|archive-date=2021-10-23|retrieved=2022-09-01}}</ref>

On 10 May 2024, the channel uploaded a video which revealed that its curator had been diagnosed with cancer, and would have to upload much less frequently.<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://odysee.com/@PhuongDPRKDaily:e/important-message-to-my-followers:9|channel=푸옹 Phuong DPRK Daily|title=Important Message to my Followers|date=2024-05-10}}</ref> The channel has since only uploaded one other video. It has then been banned from YouTube due to "violating [the] community guidelines."

== External links ==
[https://odysee.com/@PhuongDPRKDaily:e Odysee] Backup of YouTube channel

[https://archive.org/search?query=creator%3A"푸옹+Phuong+DPRK+Daily" Internet Archive]

== References ==
[[Category:YouTube channels]]
[[Category:Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]

Hexbear

2025-06-09T16:50:55Z

ComradeSpahija: Hexbear has since secured the hexbear.net domain, so the sentence about the domain name being uncertain as of 12 February was removed.

[[File:Hexbear logo.png|thumb|Logo]]
'''Hexbear''' is the largest [[Communism|communist]] [[Lemmy]] instance, with over 1,400 monthly users. It is similar to [[Lemmygrad]] but is dedicated to [[left unity]] instead of [[Marxism–Leninism]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Hexbear|title=Hexbear|url=https://www.hexbear.net/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803021931/https://www.hexbear.net/|archive-date=2023-08-03}}</ref> In August 2023, it federated with Lemmygrad and nine other Lemmy instances.<ref>{{Web citation|author=CARCOSA|newspaper=Hexbear|title=Upcoming Federation|date=2023-07-28|url=https://hexbear.net/post/280770|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729025945/https://hexbear.net/post/280770|archive-date=2023-07-29|retrieved=2023-08-07}}</ref> [[Lemmy.world]], the largest Lemmy instance, blocked Hexbear from federating and also threatened to defederate with Lemmygrad.<ref>{{Web citation|author=@lwadmin|newspaper=Lemmy.world|title=Lemmy.world Hexbear Statement|date=2023-08-03|url=https://lemmy.world/post/2498330|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805200159/https://lemmy.world/post/2498330|archive-date=2023-08-05}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to a survey of 598 users in 2024, 40.1% of Hexbear users are transgender, 49.2% are cisgender, and the rest are unsure. 35.2% of users are non-binary. 16% of users solely use she/her pronouns, and 35.2% of users solely use he/him.<ref>{{Web citation|author=@kristina|newspaper=Hexbear|title=Are you cisgender? Gender Survey Result: Majority of active Hexbear users say No and Maybe.|date=2024-10-08|url=https://hexbear.net/post/3635039|retrieved=2024-10-08}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Online left]]
[[Category:Online communities]]

Paris

2025-06-09T14:34:12Z

ComradeSpahija: I created the page for Paris (it was 31st place among the Wanted Pages). I added a brief description of the city, and a few paragraphs on the city's history ending with the French Commune.

ProleWiki:Principles/Signed

2021-04-26T14:24:23Z

ComradeSpahija: /* Sign below */

__NOTOC__<includeonly><blockquote>''To leave a signature, click [[ProleWiki:Principles/Signed|here]].''</blockquote>
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== Signing ==
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Make a new line after the last signature, then simply type out <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> and preview your edit to confirm you are leaving a signature.

== Sign below ==
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— ''Comrade [[User:FelipeForte|Felipe Forte]]'' ([[User talk:FelipeForte|talk]]) 21:01, 5 December 2020 (UTC)

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Deng Xiaoping

2020-11-08T18:35:58Z

ComradeSpahija: I fixed a CS1 error with the 2nd citation

'''Deng Xiaoping''' (Chinese: 邓小平) (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese politician, most notably the Paramount Leader of the [[China|People's Republic of China]] from 1978 to his resignation in 1989. During his leadership, he initiated a policy of adopting elements of market economics while maintaining the governing role of the [[Communist Party of China]], it's commitment to [[Marxism-leninism|Marxism-Leninism]] and to the task of building [[Socialism]] according to the [[Four Cardinal Principles]]. He is, by such, largely associated with the idea [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics]], of which [[Deng Xiaoping Thought]] is a part, and is considered by many to be the "Architect of modern China". He is a controversial figure among [[Marxism|marxists]], some of them considering him to be a [[Revisionism|revisionist]], mostly criticising his [[Opening Up and Reform|''Opening Up and Reform'']] policy.

==Political Career==
'''Deng Xiaoping''' was born in an educated land-owning family in Sichuan Province. He studied in France, where he became a [[Marxism-leninism|Marxist-Leninist]], joined the [[Communist Party of China]] in 1923 and took part in the Chinese Revolution. After the founding of the [[China|People's Republic of China]], he became the Party's Secretary General, but was purged twice during the [[Cultural Revolution]]. After Mao's death, he managed to return to political power to become the leader of the country by 1978. That same year, he initiated the [[Opening Up and Reform|''Opening Up and Reform'']] policy, emphasising the goal of the [[Four Modernisations]], and proposed the following year to revise the Chinese constitution. Deng Xiaoping resigned from his positions in 1989, and died on 19 February 1997 of a combination of a lung infection and Parkinson's disease.

==The ''Opening Up and Reform'' policy==
The ''[[Opening Up and Reform]]'' policy was proposed in order to deal with the main problems the country faced at the time: namely a very poor population, the lack of an industrial base, and the lack of a large urban population (80% of the population lived in rural areas at the time). Deng Xiaoping realised that the country was still too underdeveloped to build [[Socialism]], so he proposed the idea of implementing market policies in order to build the productive forces in order to eventually be able to build Socialism. In this regard, the [[Opening Up and Reform|''Opening Up and Reform'']] policy can be compared to the soviet ''[[New Economic Policy]]'' implemented by Lenin. Deng Xiaoping explained his policies in the following manner:<blockquote>"It is wrong to maintain that a market economy exists only in capitalist society and that there is only “capitalist” market economy. Why can’t we develop a market economy under socialism? Developing a market economy does not mean practising capitalism. While maintaining a planned economy as the mainstay of our economic system, we are also introducing a market economy. But it is a socialist market economy. Although a socialist market economy is similar to a capitalist one in method, there are also differences between them. The socialist market economy mainly regulates interrelations between state-owned enterprises, between collectively owned enterprises and even between foreign capitalist enterprises. But in the final analysis, this is all done under socialism in a socialist society. We cannot say that market economy exists only under capitalism. Market economy was in its embryonic stages as early as feudalist society. We can surely develop it under socialism. Similarly, taking advantage of the useful aspects of capitalist countries, including their methods of operation and management, does not mean that we will adopt capitalism. Instead, we use those methods in order to develop the productive forces under socialism. As long as learning from capitalism is regarded as no more than a means to an end, it will not change the structure of socialism or bring China back to capitalism."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deng Xiaoping; Selected Works, Vol. 2, "We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism" |url=https://dengxiaopingworks.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/we-can-develop-a-market-economy-under-socialism/}}</ref></blockquote>This policy lead to a period of great economic growth for the country, with a median growth of 9.2% between 1980 and 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=MGM research; China GDP Charts and Graphs 1980-2020 |url=https://mgmresearch.com/china-gdp-data-and-charts-1980-2020/}}</ref>. Deng's policies were however criticised by some [[Marxism|marxists]], many of which [[Marxism-Leninism-Maoism|maoists]], who believed that Deng went too far in his liberalisation of the economy.

==Selected Works==
'''Deng Xiaoping'''<nowiki/>'s ''Selected Works'' are composed of three volumes, each dedicated to works written during a specific timeframe. They are available for free online at https://dengxiaopingworks.wordpress.com.

<references />

Deng Xiaoping

2020-11-08T18:33:41Z

ComradeSpahija: I briefly explained Deng Xiaoping's political career, and his Opening Up and Reform Policy. I also linked to his Selected Works.

'''Deng Xiaoping''' (Chinese: 邓小平) (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese politician, most notably the Paramount Leader of the [[China|People's Republic of China]] from 1978 to his resignation in 1989. During his leadership, he initiated a policy of adopting elements of market economics while maintaining the governing role of the [[Communist Party of China]], it's commitment to [[Marxism-leninism|Marxism-Leninism]] and to the task of building [[Socialism]] according to the [[Four Cardinal Principles]]. He is, by such, largely associated with the idea [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics]], of which [[Deng Xiaoping Thought]] is a part, and is considered by many to be the "Architect of modern China". He is a controversial figure among [[Marxism|marxists]], some of them considering him to be a [[Revisionism|revisionist]], mostly criticising his [[Opening Up and Reform|''Opening Up and Reform'']] policy.

==Political Career==
'''Deng Xiaoping''' was born in an educated land-owning family in Sichuan Province. He studied in France, where he became a [[Marxism-leninism|Marxist-Leninist]], joined the [[Communist Party of China]] in 1923 and took part in the Chinese Revolution. After the founding of the [[China|People's Republic of China]], he became the Party's Secretary General, but was purged twice during the [[Cultural Revolution]]. After Mao's death, he managed to return to political power to become the leader of the country by 1978. That same year, he initiated the [[Opening Up and Reform|''Opening Up and Reform'']] policy, emphasising the goal of the [[Four Modernisations]], and proposed the following year to revise the Chinese constitution. Deng Xiaoping resigned from his positions in 1989, and died on 19 February 1997 of a combination of a lung infection and Parkinson's disease.

==The ''Opening Up and Reform'' policy==
The ''[[Opening Up and Reform]]'' policy was proposed in order to deal with the main problems the country faced at the time: namely a very poor population, the lack of an industrial base, and the lack of a large urban population (80% of the population lived in rural areas at the time). Deng Xiaoping realised that the country was still too underdeveloped to build [[Socialism]], so he proposed the idea of implementing market policies in order to build the productive forces in order to eventually be able to build Socialism. In this regard, the [[Opening Up and Reform|''Opening Up and Reform'']] policy can be compared to the soviet ''[[New Economic Policy]]'' implemented by Lenin. Deng Xiaoping explained his policies in the following manner:<blockquote>"It is wrong to maintain that a market economy exists only in capitalist society and that there is only “capitalist” market economy. Why can’t we develop a market economy under socialism? Developing a market economy does not mean practising capitalism. While maintaining a planned economy as the mainstay of our economic system, we are also introducing a market economy. But it is a socialist market economy. Although a socialist market economy is similar to a capitalist one in method, there are also differences between them. The socialist market economy mainly regulates interrelations between state-owned enterprises, between collectively owned enterprises and even between foreign capitalist enterprises. But in the final analysis, this is all done under socialism in a socialist society. We cannot say that market economy exists only under capitalism. Market economy was in its embryonic stages as early as feudalist society. We can surely develop it under socialism. Similarly, taking advantage of the useful aspects of capitalist countries, including their methods of operation and management, does not mean that we will adopt capitalism. Instead, we use those methods in order to develop the productive forces under socialism. As long as learning from capitalism is regarded as no more than a means to an end, it will not change the structure of socialism or bring China back to capitalism."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deng Xiaoping; Selected Works, Vol. 2, "We Can Develop A Market Economy Under Socialism" |url=https://dengxiaopingworks.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/we-can-develop-a-market-economy-under-socialism/}}</ref></blockquote>This policy lead to a period of great economic growth for the country, with a median growth of 9.2% between 1980 and 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=MGM research — China GDP Charts and Graphs 1980-2020 |url=https://mgmresearch.com/china-gdp-data-and-charts-1980-2020/}}</ref>. Deng's policies were however criticised by some [[Marxism|marxists]], many of which [[Marxism-Leninism-Maoism|maoists]], who believed that Deng went too far in his liberalisation of the economy.

==Selected Works==
'''Deng Xiaoping'''<nowiki/>'s ''Selected Works'' are composed of three volumes, each dedicated to works written during a specific timeframe. They are available for free online at https://dengxiaopingworks.wordpress.com.

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