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Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2026-05-25T23:05:16Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: I added more precise dates.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, 2025, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, 2025, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August 2025, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

After an offensive by the Syrian government in January 2026, the DAANES lost 80 percent of its territory and agreed to implement a new integration agreement, which has started.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/30/syria-government-kurdish-forces-truce-agreement</ref><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2026/1/30/kurdish-led-sdf-agrees-integration-with-syrian-government-forces</ref><ref>https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2026/02/14/syria-appoints-kurdish-official-as-governor-of-hasakah-after-sdf-deal/</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will abolish private property, but without a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''We can not force them.'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although individual property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the dominant authoritarian mentality'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This mindset presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of and Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously received much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Workers' Party of Belgium

2026-03-18T19:28:07Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: I changed the page to match the official line of the party. I also added the disputed to make it more fair to both sides.

{{Infobox political party|name=Workers' Party of Belgium|native_name=Partij van de Arbeid van België Parti du Travail de Belgique Partei der Arbeit Belgiens|logo=|founded=1979|abbreviation=PTB . PVDA . PAB|president=[[Raoul Hedebouw]]|general_secretary=[[Peter Mertens]]|founder=[[Ludo Martens]]|predecessor=[[All Power To The Workers]]|newspaper=Solidaire / Solidair|student_wing=Comac|youth_wing=RedFox, Pioneers|womens_wing=Zelle|political_orientation=[[Socialism]] [[Communism]] [[Marxism]] [[Reformism]] (disputed)|international=[[IMCWP]]}}{{Communist parties}}
The '''Workers' Party of Belgium''' ('''PTB'''/'''PVDA''') is a self-described [[communism|Communist Party]].<ref name=":3" /> Some observers consider it to have turned to [[reformism]] and abandoned communism in 2008.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=In Defense of Communism|title=Russian Communist Workers Party- "Mertens vs Martens" (On the role of the Workers Party of Belgium- PTB)|date=2016-04-18|url=http://www.idcommunism.com/2016/04/russian-communist-workers-party-mertens.html|retrieved=2024-09-02}}</ref>

== History ==

=== First congress - 1979 ===
The PTB-PVDA is officially born in the "foundation congress" on the 4th of November 1979, with 4000 people attending.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2018|title=Once upon a time the PTB-PVDA|page=22|pdf=https://assets.ptb.be/2023-06/2018iletaitunefoisleptb-rwpjt3.pdf19|city=Brusels|publisher=Éditions du PTB|trans-title=Il était une fois le PTB|trans-lang=French}}</ref> This congress is the result of 10 years of work to formalize [[All Power To The Workers|AMADA-TPO]], a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] student-worker's movement born out of the 1968 student movement. [[Ludo Martens]] becomes its first president, and will stay president until the 8th congress in 2008.

Here the PTB-PVDA first describes itself as Marxist-Leninist.<blockquote>The Workers' Party is based on the scientific doctrine of socialism, the fundamental laws of which are indicated by dialectical and historical materialism. This doctrine, of which [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] and [[Mao Zedong]] are the main teachers, is not a dogma but, like any science, it must develop as society evolves.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=1979|title=Documents of the congress, approved by the committee|chapter=VI. The Party of the working class and the front|city=Brussels}}</ref></blockquote>

=== Second congress - 1983 ===
Three books got written out of the discussions and conclusions of the 1983 congress:

* ''The Liquidationist Trend within the Marxist-Leninist Movement: Report and Summary of Discussions and Amendments.''<ref>{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens|year=1983|title=De likwidatie-stroming binnen de marxistisch-leninistische beweging: verslag en samenvatting van de discussies en amendementen|city=Brussels}}</ref>
* ''Party and Front: Report and Summary of Discussions and Amendments.''<ref>{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens, Kris Merckx|year=1983|title=Partij en front: verslag en samenvatting van de discussies en amendementen|city=Brussels}}</ref>
* ''Revolutionary Morality.''<ref>{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens, Diether J., Pauwels J.|year=1983|title=Revolutionaire moraal|city=Brussels}}</ref>

=== Third congress - 1988 ===

=== Fourth congress - 1991 ===

=== Fifth congress - 1995 ===
In January 1995 is held the fifth congress. The position of general secretary is created and attributed to [[Nadine Rosa-Rosso]]. Ludo Martens writes with her help ''The party of revolution'', based on the lessons of the congress.

The book outlines in minute detail how the party should be organized as a "Bolshevik-type communist party" for the future, to reach goals such as ensuring ideological commitment within the cadres, enforcing discipline, eradicating revisionism and opportunism etc.<ref>{{Citation|author=Ludo Martens, Nadine Rosa-Rosso|year=1995|title=The party of revolution|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA|isbn=9782872621118|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=8CB8E2873827C79DD5181E33799C470F}}</ref>

It was publicly the official organizational manual of the PTB-PVDA until 2015<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2008|title=Statuses of the PTB-PVDA (2008)|quote=The ideological and organizational principles for the cadres' work were set at the Fifth Party Congress in the manual "Party of the Revolution".|pdf=https://www.politicalpartydb.org/wp-content/uploads/Statutes/Belgium/BELGIUM_PTB_2008.pdf|trans-lang=French}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2015|title=Statuses of the PTB-PVDA (2015)|pdf=https://www.politicalpartydb.org/wp-content/uploads/Statutes/Belgium/BELGIUM_PTB_2015.pdf|trans-lang=French}}</ref>

=== Sixth congress - 1997 ===

The sixth congress prolonged for four years the "rectification period", the following of the fifth congress' lessons:<blockquote>The period of rectification [was] initiated since the 5th Party Congress in 1995 and extended by four years during the 6th Congress in 1997. The purpose of the rectification period was to revolutionize the leadership, to form a stable core leadership, and to rectify the Party according to four axes: enhancing the sense of responsibility among cadres, placing politics in command, combating bureaucratism, tightening ties with the masses, fighting individualism, and strengthening control.<ref>{{Citation|author=Nadine Rosa-Rosso|year=2002|title=Communism, the future of humanity|page=15|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA}}</ref></blockquote>This congress is accused in the ninth congress throwing away the third congress' (the "union congress") lessons out the window, diving in sectarianism and leading to its worst electoral score in history.<ref name=":2">{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2015|title=Congress of solidarity|page=|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA|trans-title=Congrès de la solidarité|trans-lang=French}}</ref>

=== Seventh congress - 2002 ===
The seventh congress, "Communism, the future of humanity" marks the end of the "rectification period" of its practices through the lessons of the fifth congress. It marks out a plan for applying it further in the five following years ("IMPACT 2002-2006").<ref name=":4">{{Citation|author=Nadine Rosa-Rosso|year=2002|title=Communism, the future of humanity|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA}}</ref>

Another main point is a lowering of requirements for entry some "basis cells", in hopes of becoming a mass party.<ref name=":4" />

=== Eighth congress - 2008 ===
Named the "renewal congress", the eighth congress takes place in over a year, starting in 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2008|title=8th Congress - A principled party, A flexible party, A workers' party.|chapter=|page=|pdf=https://assets.ptb.be/2023-06/2008ptbcongresdurenouveau-rwpkan.pdf|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA|trans-title=8e congrès du PTB|trans-lang=French}}</ref> [[Peter Mertens]] is elected president in place of Ludo Martens. Nadine Rosa-Rosso was purged from the party in 2003, unlike Ludo which will stay in the party until his death in 2011, becoming the party's "Central Africa expert".

The renewal congress is where the party adopts its new style of communication. It is divided in four main parts:

==== Chapter 1: "The future is for socialism" ====

Here, it argues for the necessity of socialism in Europe and in the world.<ref name=":0" /> It ends arguing for its new direction:<blockquote>The evolution of society places us before a double task. The new PTB-PVDA wants, in the coming period, to be both a party of principles and a flexible party. In a world of change fast, we need a strong backbone. Our Marxist analysis and our commitment to socialism make the identity of our party. This is the subject of chapter 2. At the same time, we need flexibility and openness to stick to people's reality, to raise their awareness, to mobilize them read and organize them (this is chapter 3) and transform the party into a workers’ party (chapter 4).<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

==== Chapter 2: "A principled party" ====

This part is opened with its analysis of the treason of the [[POB]] — which later became the [[Socialist Party (Belgium)|Socialist Party]], the current Belgian [[Social democracy|social-democrats]]:<blockquote>Some comrades say that the main objective for the party is to intervene more openly, more flexibly and more tactically. This is a mistake. The main objective of the party is to be firm on principles and flexible. Both, and at the same time. Anyone who dissociates the need to be flexible, open and tactical will soon bow to the pressure of capital.

This danger is not new. History teaches us that abandoning principles in the name of tactics and flexibility can go very quickly. The Belgian Workers' Party, the forerunner of today's PS, was founded in 1885. The POB quickly abandoned a number of socialist principles - especially after its first electoral victory in 1894. It is worthwhile today to examine this process a little more closely. Very quickly, there was a great aversion to substantive debate and to socialist theory. [...] The properties of the capitalist system, the objectives of socialism, the long-term interests of the working class... all this was quickly ‘forgotten’ and sacrificed in favour of the real or supposed advantages of the moment.

Very quickly, there was a great aversion to substantive debate and to socialist theory. [...] The properties of the capitalist system, the objectives of socialism, the long-term interests of the working class... all this was quickly ‘forgotten’ and sacrificed in favour of the real or supposed advantages of the moment.

Despite the statutes, power within the party shifted towards the party's parliamentarians to the detriment of the elected leadership, the General Council. The elected members of parliament placed themselves above the party leadership. They began to work for parliamentary life or for themselves, not in the service of the whole.

The party became a party of parliamentary legality instead of a party of class struggle. The party ended up being afraid of the workers' movement. It encouraged calm.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>It then affirms their ideological basis:<blockquote>The PTB's view of the world is called Marxism.<ref group="lower-alpha">From this congress on, the PTB-PVDA calls itself "Marxist", and refers to Lenin separately. It also stops referring to Stalin at all.</ref> Its foundations were laid by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Later on, it outlines its strategy, calls itself (and defines) a "contemporary communist party", re-affirms the importance of strict [[democratic centralism]], and its belonging to the "international communist movement".<ref name=":0" />

==== Chapter 3: "A flexible party" ====

Here the party outlines the importance for tactics, its tactical recommendations, which maybe most notably contains:<blockquote>'''We make a distinction between what happens in the dining room and what in the kitchen.

The best chefs don't reveal all their secrets. The situation in the kitchen is often more chaotic than the atmosphere of the dining room. The party needs enough attention and space for all strategic and tactical questions. For the outside world, we need to know what is essential. In the limited time and space that the media gives us, we want to focus on that, even if journalists are often more interested in our internal cooking or the difficult points in our programme.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

==== Chapter 4: "A workers' party" ====
The party here explains the way it wants to become a mass party of organized workers, but also outlines the new strategy it should adopt in order to attain that goal.

=== Ninth congress - 2015 ===
The eighth congress forms the new basis for the party. The 2015 "congress of solidarity" expands on it, as well as does its critical assessment of the party's history.<ref name=":2" />

=== Tenth congress - 2021 ===
Like its predecessor, the "congress of unity" is in line with the eighth congress and focuses on the importance of national unity (in opposition to the nationalist Flemish separatists) as well as general working class unity to "build a counter-power for another society, Socialism 2.0".<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2021|title=Congress of unity|pdf=https://assets.ptb.be/2023-06/2021congresdelunite-rwpk6r.pdf|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA|trans-title=Congrès de l'unité|trans-lang=French}}</ref>

== Current Positions ==

=== Reform or revolution? ===
Ever since its creation in 1979, the PTB-PVDA has presented its ideas in the form of a minimum program for propaganda and agitative purposes.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=1979|title=Documents of the congress, approved by the committee.|chapter=VII. The Minimum Program for Democracy, Social Progress, National Independence, and Peace|section=|quote=In the areas of the struggle for democracy, social progress, national independence, and peace, we put forward radical demands that will enable a coherent fight against the power of the monopolistic bourgeoisie and imperialism.

We formulate demands for agitation that we aim to achieve immediately, as well as demands for propaganda that can only be realized with further development in the class struggle.

No demand from the minimum program inherently presupposes the victory of the socialist revolution. Each of these demands can be implemented within civil society, although often in a distorted manner.|city=Brussels}}</ref> At the time and up until the 2002 congress, the PTB-PVDA has explicitly advocated for revolution<ref>{{Citation|author=Nadine Rosa-Rosso|year=2002|title=Communism, the future of humanity|chapter=Introduction|page=11|quote=Together with communists around the world, all members of the Workers' Party of Belgium clearly reaffirm their commitment to the revolutionary path, Marxism-Leninism, and the organization of communists in a vanguard party.}}</ref> to attain a socialist society through the dictatorship of the proletariat.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=Nadine Rosa-Rosso|year=2002|title=Communism, the future of humanity|chapter=For a Socialist Europe in a World Free from Imperialism|section=IV. To combat nationalism and chauvinism, nourished by five centuries of colonization.|quote=Only a socialist Europe, exercising the dictatorship of the workers over the minority of exploiters gathered in European multinationals, can resolutely support the revolutionary struggle of the peoples of the Third World for economic and political independence. Only a socialist Europe will be able to distribute the wealth produced by its workers in a manner that respects the needs of European workers and peoples worldwide.|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20031025055854/http://www.pvda.be/congres/congresFR.pdf|city=Brussels|publisher=PTB-PVDA|trans-title=Le communisme, l'avenir de l'humanité|trans-lang=French}}</ref>

The 2008 congress forming the new basis drops the dictatorship of the proletariat from its terminology, but still calls for revolution.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2008|title=8th Congress|chapter=A principled party|page=62|quote=For the world of tomorrow, socialism, will not fall from the sky. It will not be given to us as a gift. It will be the result of a long period of conflict between the two diametrically opposed great enemy camps: the owning class (capital) and the working class, across various arenas. Ultimately, the working class will hold the power at the expense of the owning class. This is a transformation of society, a socialist revolution.}}</ref> The next congresses call the party revolutionary.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2021|title=Congress of unity|page=85-86|quote=Meanwhile, new challenges arise. A revolutionary party that is active, growing, and becoming larger finds itself in the crosshairs of the system. This is a constant in the history of the labor movement. In the battle for hearts and minds, communist parties are heavily attacked. This includes campaigns of slander, half-truths, and outright lies, media boycotts, and threats to cut access to social media.}}</ref> The congresses also point out that capitalism cannot be reformed,<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2021|title=Congress of unity|chapter=We choose socialism 2.0|section=Capitalism is an incurable disease|page=77-79}}</ref> and insist to be distinguished from reformists because they put organizational work first.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2008|title=8th congress|chapter=A flexible party|page=89|quote=There are no small problems. Revolutionaries are the best fighters for reforms because they genuinely care about both the small and large concerns of people. Our socialist vision of society gives us the determination to consistently defend the interests of workers, employees, and civil servants.

What distinguishes us from reformists is our approach to pursuing reforms. Each struggle provides an opportunity to mobilize people. In collective action, people learn to take their fate into their own hands. Each struggle offers possibilities for understanding and awareness (for example, through demands targeting the omnipotence of monopolies). Every action creates opportunities for lasting organization and cooperation. Mobilization, awareness, and sustainable organization are crucial for ultimately achieving a new society.}}</ref>

The 2015 congress lays out the party's view on the parliament, which it calls "street-council-street", putting mobilization as the start and the end of a struggle, and the parliament only as a means to this end.<ref>{{Citation|author=PTB-PVDA|year=2015|title=Congress of solidarity|chapter=The strategy of change|section=The social struggle and the people's representatives|page=110|quote=The principle of our representatives is: "street-council-street." They are not the final point but a link in the emancipation work carried out by the party. Our elected officials start with what is alive in the neighborhood, at the workplace, in associations, and connect these aspirations to solid dossiers and demands. What exists in the population is our vital artery and also our strength. This ranges from very small issues to projects for which people organize and mobilize. Very often, our elected officials are those who bring the most concrete issues to the agenda, drawing from the wealth present among all party members, and with contributions from social movements. Our representatives enrich the emancipation movement with all the information their mandate provides access to. They then publicize the results of their interventions and proposals, even if they have not been approved. Our representatives bring the outcome of their work back to the ground, back to the street. That is the meaning of "street-council-street." The interventions of our elected officials are at the service of social struggle and not the other way around.}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

=== Notes ===
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
[[Category:Communist parties]]
[[Category:Belgian political parties]]

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2026-03-17T07:04:34Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: An update about what has occurred since the beginning of 2026.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

After an offensive by the Syrian government in January 2026, the DAANES lost 80 percent of its territory and agreed to implement a new integration agreement, which has started.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/30/syria-government-kurdish-forces-truce-agreement</ref><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2026/1/30/kurdish-led-sdf-agrees-integration-with-syrian-government-forces</ref><ref>https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2026/02/14/syria-appoints-kurdish-official-as-governor-of-hasakah-after-sdf-deal/</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will abolish private property, but without a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''We can not force them.'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although individual property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the dominant authoritarian mentality'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This mindset presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of and Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously received much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-10-08T20:04:45Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: A small grammar fix.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will abolish private property, but without a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''We can not force them.'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although individual property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the dominant authoritarian mentality'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This mindset presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of and Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously received much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-09-01T09:41:43Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: Same edits, but I am now logged in.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will abolish private property, but without a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''We can not force them.'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although individual property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the dominant authoritarian mentality'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This mindset presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of and Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-08-30T18:14:55Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: I fixed a quote from an article.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will magically abolish private property, yet without any [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''[[liberalism|We can not force them]].'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although individual property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the [[idealism|dominant authoritarian mentality]]'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This [[idealism|mindset]] presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref> Yet clearly the officials view the problem as a [[idealism|'mindset']] rather than the inevitable result of not imposing a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of chauvinism and bourgeois nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-08-30T07:33:51Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: Removed unsurprisingly because that’s subjective.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will magically abolish private property, yet without any [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''[[liberalism|We can not force them]].'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although [private] property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the [[idealism|dominant authoritarian mentality]]'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This [[idealism|mindset]] presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref> Yet clearly the officials view the problem as a [[idealism|'mindset']] rather than the inevitable result of not imposing a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of chauvinism and bourgeois nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-08-30T07:29:37Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: Same edits. Kurdish nationalism is prescribed to them by the opposition, while they reject it and a state, so I am not sure how you put Kurdish bourgeois nationalism, as they reject nation-states. The 12 percent claim is not substantiated. The decentralized capitalist economy isn’t wrong but isn’t sourced in the article. The businessman part isn’t also inherently incorrect, but the same source isn’t objective and prescribes "Stalinism" to them when that isn’t close to being true.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a mostly Kurdish militia.

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

In August, the Syrian government and Rojava’s armed forces (SDF) militarily clashed with each other, and a buildup of tensions has led to French-mediated negotiations being called off.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2025/8/12/syrian-govt-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurd-led-sdf-in-aleppo-province</ref>

== Economy ==
Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model. Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to 'transcend capitalism' and build a 'communal economy' that will magically abolish private property, yet without any [[dictatorship of the proletariat]]: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. ''[[liberalism|We can not force them]].'' Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Unsurprisingly, private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

Recent statements by a Rojavan government official in July 2025 have clarified that private/personal property persists in the region, while collective/social property is encouraged: "This system rejects capitalist individualism and profit-oriented economics. Instead, it embraces principles of social solidarity and fair distribution. Collective ownership is encouraged over private ownership, although [private] property is not entirely abolished."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-ii-80321</ref> Another Rojavan government official stated that the goal is to build a 'communal economy' and overcome capitalist individualism: "We are developing cooperative projects at the local level through meetings with the people, yet ''due to the [[idealism|dominant authoritarian mentality]]'' in society, interest in the cooperative system remains weak. ''This [[idealism|mindset]] presents serious challenges for us.'' Our goal in developing cooperative projects is to ensure that society becomes the owner of its own labor. A communal and socially grounded economy can only progress in this way. ... We want to further develop this system so that we can organize our economy through cooperatives and meet the needs of society."<ref>https://anfenglishmobile.com/features/rojava-s-economic-vision-and-cooperative-model-under-self-governance-i-80306</ref> Yet clearly the officials view the problem as a [[idealism|'mindset']] rather than the inevitable result of not imposing a [[dictatorship of the proletariat]].

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Accusations of Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of chauvinism and bourgeois nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref> Officially, the Rojavan government officially condemns the formation of a Kurdish state due to its Democratic Confederalist ideology. Instead, the Rojavan government officials have embraced federalism inside a democratic/secular Syria, not a Kurdish state: "Our idea is not to build a nation state but to establish federalism in Syria including all components,” Muslim added. “But it will be a secular federalism."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/05082016</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF previously receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

American troops have also recently left several Rojavan military bases in June, which has led to a resurgence of ISIS.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-pulls-out-two-more-bases-syria-worrying-kurdish-forces-2025-06-17/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-04-22T06:14:53Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: I added a newer population estimate from this year.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=4,600,000|population_estimate_year=2024}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a Kurdish militia.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

== Economy ==
The DAANES maintains a system of primarily private ownership of the means of production, making it effectively a decentralized capitalist economy,<ref name=":0" />

Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

While there's hundreds of small worker co-operatives, these play a minimal role in the economy of the region, with 12% of the economy in Jazira, the largest region of Northern Syria, being based on worker co-operatives,<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Co-operation in Mesopotamia|title=Rojava – the formation of an economic alternative: Private property in the service of all|date=2015-06-15|url=https://mesopotamia.coop/rojava-the-formation-of-an-economic-alternative-private-property-in-the-service-of-all/}}</ref> The major source of revenue for the AANES is not only taxes, but entrepeneurs, landlords, businessmen and venture capitalists, with these influencing government decisions and even maintaining high rank positions within it.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=European University Institute|title=Sinan Hatahet, The Political Economy of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/65364/MED_WPCS_2019_16.pdf}}</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model.” Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to transcend capitalism and build a communal economy that will abolish private property: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. "We can not force them". Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Despite this, private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close. <ref name=":0" /> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-04-22T06:12:47Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: Added newer info.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=2,000,000|population_estimate_year=2018}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a Kurdish militia.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

On April 17th, Îlham Ehmed stated that the DAANES government seeks to maintain Rojava’s current status as an autonomous region: "Our current plan is to preserve what exists, and we will try to be more involved within Syria and participate in every process."<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/170420251</ref>

== Economy ==
The DAANES maintains a system of primarily private ownership of the means of production, making it effectively a decentralized capitalist economy,<ref name=":0" />

Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

While there's hundreds of small worker co-operatives, these play a minimal role in the economy of the region, with 12% of the economy in Jazira, the largest region of Northern Syria, being based on worker co-operatives,<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Co-operation in Mesopotamia|title=Rojava – the formation of an economic alternative: Private property in the service of all|date=2015-06-15|url=https://mesopotamia.coop/rojava-the-formation-of-an-economic-alternative-private-property-in-the-service-of-all/}}</ref> The major source of revenue for the AANES is not only taxes, but entrepeneurs, landlords, businessmen and venture capitalists, with these influencing government decisions and even maintaining high rank positions within it.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=European University Institute|title=Sinan Hatahet, The Political Economy of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/65364/MED_WPCS_2019_16.pdf}}</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model.” Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to transcend capitalism and build a communal economy that will abolish private property: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. "We can not force them". Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Despite this, private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close. <ref name=":0" /> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Topic:Ypfpmib4arux71zw

2025-04-22T06:02:21Z

BaguetteEnthusiast (talk | contribs) commented on "Citations" (Sorry, I am a new editor. If I did an incorrect way to due a citation please correct me. I am sorry for any troubles. Thank you very much...)

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-04-01T04:41:11Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: Added a little more context.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=2,000,000|population_estimate_year=2018}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a Kurdish militia.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year, which gives both sides time to exit from the deal. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking. Also, another SDF source stated that the deal will not change anything without mutual consensus between newly formed joint committees that will mediate between the Rojavan government and the national government of Syria: "Yet, as the final point of the deal lays out, committees will now be formed to work on the practicalities of realizing what has been agreed upon. The deal “will not translate to any real change on the ground unless the joint committees agree on everything,” explained an SDF source."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

== Economy ==
The DAANES maintains a system of primarily private ownership of the means of production, making it effectively a decentralized capitalist economy,<ref name=":0" />

Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

While there's hundreds of small worker co-operatives, these play a minimal role in the economy of the region, with 12% of the economy in Jazira, the largest region of Northern Syria, being based on worker co-operatives,<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Co-operation in Mesopotamia|title=Rojava – the formation of an economic alternative: Private property in the service of all|date=2015-06-15|url=https://mesopotamia.coop/rojava-the-formation-of-an-economic-alternative-private-property-in-the-service-of-all/}}</ref> The major source of revenue for the AANES is not only taxes, but entrepeneurs, landlords, businessmen and venture capitalists, with these influencing government decisions and even maintaining high rank positions within it.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=European University Institute|title=Sinan Hatahet, The Political Economy of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/65364/MED_WPCS_2019_16.pdf}}</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model.” Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to transcend capitalism and build a communal economy that will abolish private property: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. "We can not force them". Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Despite this, private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close. <ref name=":0" /> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-04-01T04:20:18Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: Added newer info.

{{Infobox country|name=Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|native_name=Rêveberiya Xweser a Bakur û Rojhilatê Sûriyeyê الإدارة الذاتية لشمال وشرق سوريا|image_flag=AANE flag.png|image_map=AANES map.png|map_width=290|largest_city=Raqqa|capital=Ayn Issa|official_languages=Arabic Kurdish|regional_languages=Adyghe Syriac Turkish|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=[[Libertarian socialism|Libertarian Socialist]] confederation|leader_title1=Co-presidents|leader_name1=Îlham Ehmed Mansur Selum|established_event1=Transitional government declared|established_date1=2013|established_event2=New government declared|established_date2=6 September 2018|area_km2=50,000|population_estimate=2,000,000|population_estimate_year=2018}}

The '''Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria''' ('''DAANES'''), formerly the '''Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES),''' also known as '''Rojava''', is an autonomous region in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]]. It is led by the [[Democratic Union Party]] (PYD) and other allied parties. Rojava has a defense force known as the [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]], which includes the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], a Kurdish militia.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=On Rojava and the Western Left|date=2020-04-22|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128024529/https://linestruggle.medium.com/on-rojava-and-the-western-left-bac1b858173e|archive-date=2022-01-28|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref>

On March 10th, the SDF commander-in-chief, Mazloum Abdi, signed an agreement to merge Rojava with the current Syrian national government by the end of this year. However, an SDF official said this was "just a memorandum of understanding," not anything new or groundbreaking.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/03/explainer-the-sdf-damascus-agreement/</ref>

Additionally, despite this agreement, Îlham Ehmed, one of the co-chairs of the presidency in Rojava, has stated that Rojava will not join with the national government until an agreement is reached on the constitution.<ref>https://x.com/rojavanewsnetw/status/1905156730679390358?s=46</ref>

The Rojavan government has had a wide array of critiques against the current national government of Syria, including criticizing the current interim constitution and accusing the current national government of Syria of marginalizing Kurds and other minorities. The policies of the national government of Syria have culminated with the Rojavan government stating that they won’t implement policies/decisions of Syria's current "exclusionary" national government.<ref>https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/300320253</ref>

== Economy ==
The DAANES maintains a system of primarily private ownership of the means of production, making it effectively a decentralized capitalist economy,<ref name=":0" />

Dara Kurdaxi, a former economist from Afrîn when it was under DAANES control stated that Rojava is not against private property, but seeks to put it to service of all through socialization: "The method in Rojava is not so much against private property, but rather has the goal of putting private property in the service of all the peoples who live in Rojava".<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/the-economy-of-rojava/</ref>

While there's hundreds of small worker co-operatives, these play a minimal role in the economy of the region, with 12% of the economy in Jazira, the largest region of Northern Syria, being based on worker co-operatives,<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Co-operation in Mesopotamia|title=Rojava – the formation of an economic alternative: Private property in the service of all|date=2015-06-15|url=https://mesopotamia.coop/rojava-the-formation-of-an-economic-alternative-private-property-in-the-service-of-all/}}</ref> The major source of revenue for the AANES is not only taxes, but entrepeneurs, landlords, businessmen and venture capitalists, with these influencing government decisions and even maintaining high rank positions within it.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=European University Institute|title=Sinan Hatahet, The Political Economy of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria|url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/65364/MED_WPCS_2019_16.pdf}}</ref>

However, economists in Rojava, such as Dara Kurdaxi argue that they are working for a form of libertarian socialism where production will be controlled through communes and people’s councils: "Historical experience has shown that we in Rojava must follow a different model.” Production should not be controlled by the state, nor by the private market, but through the communes and people’s councils, which are self-governing institutions, in a position to know the needs of their participants."<ref>https://mesopotamia.coop/solidarity-economy-and-co-operatives-in-rojava/</ref>

Additionally, the government does not deny that Rojava is capitalist. Instead, the government argues that Rojava is working to transcend capitalism and build a communal economy that will abolish private property: "Administration does not currently interfere with private land ownership. "We can not force them". Previous revolutions that expropriated land by force were not successful. We are taking a step by step approach to communal ownership. We do not have the power to to fight all private ownership now, but we will eventually abolish it."<ref>{{Video citation|url=https://youtu.be/fCuxMOSYtaQ?si=IxZE7LInQ-4hJQkk|channel=The Institute for Social Ecology|title=Rojava: What you need to know|date=10/29/2019}}</ref>

Despite this, private property is still constitutionally protected by article 70 of the DAANES constitution: "Private property is protected and may not be taken away except for the public interest. It must be compensated fairly, and this is regulated by law."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

== Political Structure ==
According to the new 2023 Rojavan constitution/social contract, Rojava is run by communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units, and institutions that complement the community system: "The Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria organizes its democratic and free community life based on the formation of: communes, councils, academies, cooperatives, community economic units and institutions that complement the community system, which organize themselves in a confederal manner. The democratic system of society develops and is consolidated based on these institutions."<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2023/12/aanes-social-contract-2023-edition/</ref>

According to the new constitution, these include various institutions, such as cantons, communes, people’s councils, neighborhood councils, law councils, etc.

== Kurdish nationalism ==
Rojava has been accused of Kurdish nationalism due to cases, such as In 2018 where the PYD forced several Assyrian schools controlled by the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] to close. <ref name=":0" /> However, these were shortly reopened.<ref>https://www.fides.org/en/news/64740-ASIA_SYRIA_Christian_schools_re_open_in_Qamishli_after_the_suspension_imposed_by_Kurdish_autonomists</ref>

== U.S. support ==
The SDF receives much of its arms from the [[United States of America|United States]] and the U.S. has established seven military bases in the area.<ref name=":0" /> However, since Trump has come to office he has cut foreign aid to Rojava.<ref>https://rojavainformationcenter.org/2025/02/flash-update-usaid-freeze-impact-on-the-north-and-east-syria-region/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Separatist states]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria}}

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-03-26T21:40:36Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: First time editing so I made a few mistakes I wanted to fix and I added a video to the economy part of Rojava.

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-03-26T21:19:53Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: I would appreciate if anyone changed the actual title to "Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria" to match the article and the new constitution.

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

2025-03-26T20:54:43Z

BaguetteEnthusiast: I updated it by changing portions of it like the name and political structure based on the new constitution. I also changed the Jindo, Israel, and warlord portion because Jindo’s assassins were sent to prison, the NSC official who said Rojava was the next Israel is unknown, and the guy who was praising the warlord was not a government official. I also updated the economy parts and clarified why Rojava is capitalist and its contradictions.