İbrahim Kaypakkaya

2025-04-15T22:21:31Z

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{{Infobox revolutionary|name=İbrahim Kaypakkaya|image_alt=Photo of Kaypakkaya in 1971 taken for a fake ID after the 1971 military memorandum|image_size=200|birth_date=1949|birth_place=[[Çorum]], [[Sungurlu]], [[Republic of Turkey|Turkey]]|death_date=May 18, 1973 (aged 23–24)|death_place=[[Diyarbakır]], Turkey|political_line=[[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism]]|political_party=[[Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist]]|image=Kaypakkaya.jpeg}}'''İbrahim Kaypakkaya''' (1949-1973) was a [[Republic of Turkey|Turkish]] [[Maoism|Maoist]] [[Revolution|revolutionary]] and General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist|Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist]]. He is known for his critique of [[Kemalism]] as a "military [[Fascism|fascist]] [[dictatorship]]" and for keeping secrets despite various tortures. Today he is revered even by [[Communism|communists]] who disagree with his theories.
==Life==

===Early Life===
He was born in [[Sungurlu]] in 1948 in a [[Alevi]]<ref>{{Web citation|author=Yaşar Seyman|newspaper=Birgün|title=Kaypakkaya: Tell My Father Not To Cry!|date=2011-02-01|url=https://www.birgun.net/haber/kaypakkaya-babama-soyle-aglamasin-20424}}</ref> peasant family. He was known in the village for being hardworking. He graduated from [[Hasanoğlan Atatürk Teacher Training School]] with successful grades, after graduating from here, he was qualified to study at [[Çapa Higher Teacher Training School]] and his revolutionary ideas began to emerge. In the 1960s, revolutionary ideas were spreading in Turkey among students, Kaypakkaya was one of the revolutionary students of this period. He founded the Çapa Idea Club (Turkish: ''Çapa Fikir Kulübü)'' as a part of the [[Federation of Idea Clubs]] (Turkish: ''Fikir Kulüpleri Federasyonu)''. He was expelled from the university in 1968 for participating in the [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] [[Protests against the 6th Fleet|demonstration against the 6th Fleet of the US Navy]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Nihat Behram|year=1977|title=Şer Verip Sır Vermeyen Bir Yiğit|page=6-18|publisher=Everest Publishing|trans-title=|trans-lang=Turkish}}</ref>

In 1960s, there was an ideological split among Turkish communists, Kaypakkaya adopted the view of the [[National Democratic Revolution (Turkey)|National Democratic Revolution]] (Turkish: ''Milli Demokratik Devrim'') instead of the Socialist Revolution, then he joined the [[Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Party of Turkey]] (Turkish: ''Türkiye İhtilalci İşçi Köylü Partisi)''. In the 1970s, he participated in the struggle of poor Thracian peasants against landlords.<ref name=":0" />

Kaypakkaya later had an ideological split with [[Doğu Perinçek]] and left the party, denouncing the Perinçek group as [[Revisionism|revisionists]] and [[Opportunism|opportunists]]. In 1972 he wrote [https://www.marxists.org/archive/kaypakkaya/works/1972-roots.htm The Roots and Development of Our Differences with Shafak Revisionism: A General Critique of TİİKP], in which he criticized the Perinçek group.

===TKP/ML and Maoist Insurgency===
Kaypakkaya went to Eastern Anatolia, where he founded the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (TKP/ML) in Dersim (Tunceli) in 1972. He wrote [https://www.marxists.org/archive/kaypakkaya/works/1972-kurdi.htm On The Kurdish National Question] and defended the Kurds' right to separate from Turkey as a [[nation]]. Kaypakkaya made a rare critique of Kemalism as a "military fascist dictatorship" and as the "ideology of the Turkish comprador bourgeoisie and landlords".<ref>{{Citation|author=İbrahim Kaypakkaya|title=Selected Works of İbrahim Kaypakkaya|title-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kaypakkaya/works/ibrahim-kaypakkaya-sw-2014.pdf|chapter=Critique of TIIKP draft Programme|section=2|page=115|pdf=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kaypakkaya/works/ibrahim-kaypakkaya-sw-2014.pdf|mia=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kaypakkaya/works/ibrahim-kaypakkaya-sw-2014.pdf}}</ref> Kaypakkaya emphasized that Turkey was still a [[semi-feudal]] and [[semi-colonial]] society and that the [[New Democracy|National Democratic Revolution]] was necessary through an armed insurgency. He often talked to the peasants and defined herders as agricultural proletarians.

===Death===
After Kaypakkaya was wounded in the conflict, he was invited by a teacher to a house in the village. However, the teacher later reported Kaypakkaya to the army and Kaypakkaya was arrested. He was tortured in prison and eventually taken to [[Diyarbakır Prison]] to be executed.<ref>{{Citation|author=Nihat Behram|year=1977|title=Şer Verip Sır Vermeyen Bir Yiğit|page=48-49|publisher=Everest Publishing|trans-lang=Turkish}}</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist politicians]]
[[Category:Maoists]]
[[Category:Turkish communists]]

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İbrahim Kaypakkaya