Nicolás Maduro

2025-10-10T18:16:11Z

207.102.68.95: Typo

{{Infobox politician|image_size=200|birth_date=23 November 1962|birth_place=Caracas, [[Republic of Venezuela (1953–1999)|Venezuela]]|nationality=Venezuelan|political_line=[[Marxism–Leninism]] (claimed)<ref>https://x.com/molotovnewss/status/1774958700307918931?s=46</ref><br>[[Chavismo]] <br> [[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Democratic socialism]]<br>[[Bolivarianism]]|political_party=[[United Socialist Party of Venezuela|PSUV]]|image=Nicolas Maduro.png}}

'''Nicolás Maduro Moros''' is a [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuelan]] politician and president of Venezuela since 2013. He succeeded fellow [[Bolivarianism|Bolivarian]] revolutionary [[Hugo Chávez]].

Because of [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]] against Venezuela,<ref>[[John Bolton]] (2020). [https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=QjTMDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=ko&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir'': 'Chapter 9: Venezuela Libre'.] Simon and Schuster.</ref><ref>[[Benjamin Norton|Norton, Ben]]. [https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/12/trump-john-bolton-coups-venezuela/ “Trump Advisor John Bolton Admits Planning US Coups in Venezuela and beyond.”] [[Multipolarista]]. July 13, 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731205139/https://multipolarista.com/2022/07/12/trump-john-bolton-coups-venezuela/ Archived] 2022-07-31.</ref> Maduro's presidency has faced various forms of aggression and interference, such as assassination attempts,<ref>Joe Parkin Daniels (2018-08-05). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter "Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro survives apparent assassination attempt"] ''[[The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220715064109/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/04/nicolas-maduros-speech-cut-short-while-soldiers-scatter Archived] from the original on 2022-07-15.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> and destabilization efforts organized by US-backed coup leader [[Juan Guaidó]], who, after a phone call with U.S. Vice President [[Mike Pence]], proclaimed himself president of Venezuela.<ref>Dan Cohen, [[Max Blumenthal]] (2019-01-29). [https://thegrayzone.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?__twitter_impression=true "The Making of Juan Guaidó: How the US regime change laboratory created Venezuela’s coup leader"] ''[[The Grayzone]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220322210646/https://thegrayzone.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?__twitter_impression=true Archived] from the original on 2022-03-22.</ref>

On August 7, 2025, the [[United States Department of State|US Department of State]] announced a reward offer increase of up to $50 million for information leading to Maduro's arrest and stated the US does not recognize Maduro as president of Venezuela.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Marco Rubio|newspaper=United States Department of State|title=Reward Offer Increase of Up to $50 Million for Information Leading to Arrest and/or Conviction of Nicolás Maduro|date=2025-08-07|url=https://www.state.gov/reward-offer-increase-of-up-to-50-million-for-information-leading-to-arrest-and-or-conviction-of-nicolas-maduro/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250901033015/https://www.state.gov/reward-offer-increase-of-up-to-50-million-for-information-leading-to-arrest-and-or-conviction-of-nicolas-maduro/|archive-date=2025-09-01}}</ref> Previously, the State Department had announced a reward of up to $15 million in 2020.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/nicolas-maduro-moros-new-target/ “Nicolás Maduro Moros - New Target.”] United States Department of State. March 26, 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221103061620/https://www.state.gov/nicolas-maduro-moros-new-target/ Archived] 2022-11-03.</ref>

== Presidency (2013-present) ==

=== Elections ===
Maduro was initially elected on April 14, 2013. This occurred following Chávez's death in March of that year.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Mario Hubert Garrido|newspaper=Granma|title=The Maduro government’s first two years|date=2015-04-22|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2015-04-22/the-maduro-governments-first-two-years|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref>

Maduro won with 50.66% of the votes cast. His main opposition was Henrique Capriles. Capriles was part of the Primero Justicia party. After losing, he attempted to encourage riots in 2013, which caused the fatalities of 11 people.<ref name=":0" />

The following year, Leopoldo López and his party of Voluntad Popular held 'La Salida' which were attacks which killed 43 people. These attacks also injured over 800 people.<ref name=":0" />

In early 2015, the Venezuelan government uncovered plans for a [[coup d'état]]. These plans had included attacking civilian regions in Caracas, as well as governmental institutions. These plans had been backed by the [[United States of America]] via its embassy in Venezuela. A number of politicians within the country had also loaned it their support.<ref name=":0" /> This coup plan came to be known as the Blue Coup. Antonio Ledezma and Julio Borges were also found to be key operatives in this plan.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Misión Verdad|newspaper=Granma|title=Maduro shows his strength, looks death in the face|date=2018-08-10|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-08-10/maduro-shows-his-strength-looks-death-in-the-face|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref>

Leading to the second election, some of the conservative parties threatened to not participate in the election. Maduro made it clear that the election would still be held regardless of this threat.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=Maduro: There will be elections come rain or shine|date=2018-02-16|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-02-16/maduro-there-will-be-elections-come-rain-or-shine|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref>

In the following election, Maduro won a second time. 45.99% of the population voted, with 67.78%, or 6,157,185 votes, in favor of reelection. The main opposition candidate, Henri Falcon, received 21.01% of the vote.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=World leaders congratulate Nicolás Maduro for his reelection|date=2018-05-22|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-05-22/world-leaders-congratulate-nicolas-maduro-for-his-reelection|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref> Falcon had gone against the election boycott of the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) and had run in the election regardless of it.<ref name=":4">{{Web citation|author=Dayron Rodríguez Rosales|newspaper=Granma|title=How can the resistance of the Venezuelan people and Nicolás Maduro’s government be explained?|date=2018-10-28|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-05-28/how-can-the-resistance-of-the-venezuelan-people-and-nicolas-maduros-government-be-explained|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

After the victory over Falcon, Maduro was accused of 'violating democracy' by the Venezuelan National Assembly on October 23, 2016. This was led by opposition leader Julio Borges. They also stated that Maduro was ineligible to hold the position due to having Colombian ancestors. The National Assembly was considered to hold no authority due to a ruling by the Supreme Court. Maduro accused the opposition of fraud and of having submitted falsified signatures during the signature drive. The opposition to Maduro in the National Assembly arranged protests called 'The takeover of Venezuela'.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=Venezuela's right wing wants to impeach President Maduro|date=2016-10-24|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2016-10-24/venezuelas-right-wing-wants-to-impeach-president-maduro|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

Regardless of the actions of these opposition parties, Maduro has repeatedly encouraged dialogue and communication with the opposition groups.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=Maduro invites opposition to meet with government|date=2017-12-04|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2017-12-04/maduro-invites-opposition-to-meet-with-government|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

According to an Insight poll of 2600 Venezuelans, Maduro is the preferred candidate of 52.4% of those polled in the July 28, 2024 elections. This is followed by 37% for opposition candidate Edmundo Gonzales Urrutia. 16.08% of respondents are undecided or do not know who they will vote for yet. The remainder of respondents were split among other candidates.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=teleSUR|title=Nicolas Maduro Is the Favorite Candidate According to Insight Magazine|date=2024-04-29|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Nicolas-Maduro-Is-Favorite-Candidate-According-Insight-Magazine--20240429-0021.html|retrieved=2024-04-30}}</ref>

=== Assassination attempts ===
During an event in Caracas on Bolivar Avenue on August 4, 2018, two drones attempted to assassinate Maduro. This attack occurred while he was finishing giving a speech.<ref name=":1" />

This attack was carried out by Soldados de Franelas. Soldados de Franelas had links to Óscar Pérez and CICPC, who had killed civilians in attacks in 2017. Governmental investigations also found connections to the attack with outgoing Colombian president, Juan Manuel Santos and agents within [[Florida]].<ref name=":1" />

Following the attack, a suspect named Juan Carlos Monasterios was arrested and revealed details of the plot. It was learned from Monasterios that Juan Requesens was involved. Requesens was arrested afterward. He also revealed that Rayder Alexander Russo Márquez and Osmán Alexis Delgado Tabosky were both involved in the attack. Neither were immediately caught. Everyone arrested has explained the involvement of Julio Borges.<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=Nicolás Maduro: Here is the evidence on the failed assassination attempt|date=2018-08-09|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2018-08-09/nicolas-maduro-here-is-the-evidence-on-the-failed-assassination-attempt|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref>

It was learned that a group calling itself, Bravo, had planned attacks on other events which were called off due to a lack of preparation.<ref name=":3" />

=== Achievements ===
Social programs created by Chávez have been supported and continued by Maduro.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Granma|title=President Maduro praises social programs in Venezuela|date=2016-09-08|url=https://en.granma.cu/mundo/2016-09-08/president-maduro-praises-social-programs-in-venezuela|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

In order to help promote what is beneficial to the people, Presidential Councils of People's Government have been created. These councils deal with a specific issue in the country and may aid in setting policy related to said issue.<ref name=":0" />

The Maduro government had taken significant steps to combat [[poverty]] in the country. As of 2015, 64% of the national budget is dedicated to this. This opposition to poverty have led to the creation of new governmental missions, such as, Jóvenes de la Patria and Hogares de la Patria.<ref name=":0" />

==== Food ====
The country also has excellent policies in relation to nutrition, according to Marcelo Resende, who is a representative at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.<ref name=":0" />

The Local Supply and Production Committees (CLAP) have provided 60,000 tons of food and necessities to the poor in Venezuela.<ref name=":4" />

In the past, Venezuelan's required food was satisfied by importing 85%. It now produces 94% of all required food goods in the country.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=teleSUR|title='We Consolidated Peace in Venezuela in 2022', President Maduro|date=2023-01-02|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/We-Consolidated-Peace-in-Venezuela-in-2022-President-Maduro-20230102-0001.html|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

==== Housing ====
Maduro has continued the legacy of Chávez's Great Venezuela Housing Mission (GMVV). By 2017, 1.6 million houses had been built.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=teleSUR|title=President Maduro Celebrates 1.6 Millionth Home Built for the Poor|date=2017-04-30|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/President-Maduro-Celebrates-1.6-Millionth-Home-Built-for-the-Poor---20170430-0018.html|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref> This number had swelled to 4.6 million built by 2023.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=teleSUR|title=Venezuela: President Maduro Delivers House Number 4.6 Million|date=2023-07-21|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Venezuela-President-Maduro-Delivers-House-Number-4.6-Million-20230721-0011.html|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

==== Medicine ====
During the Maduro administration, many steps have been taken to further the medical quality of the population. 71,900,000 free medical examinations have been provided. Venezuela has also worked with [[Cuba]] on [[Operation Miracle]] and has allowed sight back to 70,000 people.<ref name=":4" />

== Political positions ==

=== International relations ===
The United States of America has attempted to meddle in Venezuelan affairs with other countries, including relations with European nations.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=teleSUR|title=President Maduro Urges Lifting Sanctions Against Venezuela|date=2023-07-19|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/President-Maduro-Urges-Lifting-Sanctions-Against-Venezuela-20230719-0009.html|retrieved=2023-08-01}}</ref>

After Maduro's reelection in 2018, he received wide congratulation from many different nations, including [[Plurinational State of Bolivia|Bolivia]], Cuba, [[El Salvador]], Iran, [[Republic of Mozambique|Mozambique]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Russia]]<ref name=":2" />, and the [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rodong Sinmun|title=WPK Central Committee's Congratulatory Message to Venezuelan Party Leader|date=2022-4-30|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMi0wNC0zMC1OMDA1QDExQDBATWFkdXJvQDBANA==|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref>

In 2022, Maduro signed a 20-year cooperation agreement with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Benjamin Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Venezuela and Iran sign 20-year cooperation plan, Maduro pledges joint ‘anti-imperialist struggle’|date=2022-06-11|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718213509/https://multipolarista.com/2022/06/11/venezuela-iran-20-year-agreement/|archive-date=2022-07-18|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref> Later that year, he signed a declaration with [[Republic of Colombia|Colombian]] president [[Gustavo Petro]] striving for Latin American reintegration.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Colombia’s new president reverses US coup, visits Venezuela, pledges unity in ‘spirit of Bolívar’|date=2022-11-02|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/11/02/colombia-petro-visits-venezuela-unity-bolivar/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125060316/https://multipolarista.com/2022/11/02/colombia-petro-visits-venezuela-unity-bolivar/|archive-date=2022-11-25|retrieved=2022-12-04}}</ref>

Nicolás Maduro has affirmed Venezuelan support for the DPRK against imperialism multiple times.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rodong Sinmun|title=Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Receives Greetings from Venezuelan President|date=2022-9-11|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMi0wOS0xMS1OMDEzQDExQDBATWFkdXJvQDBAMw====|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Rodong Sinmun|title=Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Receives Message from Venezuelan President|date=2022-12-27|url=http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?MTJAMjAyMi0xMi0yNy1IMDA2QDExQDBATWFkdXJvQDBAMg====|retrieved=2023-07-22}}</ref>

Maduro has claimed to be a Marxist-Leninist.<ref>https://x.com/molotovnewss/status/1774958700307918931?s=46</ref>

=== LGBT+ rights ===
In 2017 and 2020, Maduro stated his support for the legalisation of same-sex marriage and made a request for Venezuela's National Assembly to discuss the topic.<ref>http://shangay.com/maduro-creo-que-todo-el-mundo-se-puede-casar-aunque-sea-homosexual</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-lgbt/venezuelas-maduro-citing-pope-asks-congress-to-consider-same-sex-marriage-idUSKBN27737E/</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Current heads of state]]
[[Category:Venezuelans of Colombian descent]]
[[Category:Politicians]]
[[Category:Targets of imperialism]]
[[Category:Politicians in Venezuela]]

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Nicolás Maduro